中国增汇型气候保护政策实施对经济的影响

系统地给出了中国实施增汇型CO2减排政策对宏观经济影响的模拟结果,所采用的模拟系统包括基于Pizer,Demeter,Zwaan工作发展的中国气候保护决策支持系统和中国经济可计算一般均衡(CGE)系统。研究结果表明,增汇型气候保护政策较其他单一的气候保护政策更有利于国家经济安全;虽然增汇型气候保护政策在短期内会对国家GDP产出造成影响,但从长远角度看,增汇型气候保护将带动经济的发展,是一项值得推广的减排政策。同时,发现中国实行每年增加4%的碳汇和实施4%能源替代以减少CO2排放控制率,辅助于0.2%的生产型CO2排放控制率,如果能够促进世界其它地区到2050年减排1990年的10%的CO,是一个合适的方案。     

谭清苏铁性别相关的RAPD标记研究

以谭清苏铁(Cycas tanqingii D.Y.Wang)雌雄植株半年生羽叶为材料,用优化的CTAB法分别提取其全基因组DNA,进行RAPD单因子梯度实验和正交实验以优化扩增条件。应用160个RAPD随机引物检测基因组DNA,雌雄植株均扩增出1450多条带,其中引物S0465扩增出与谭清苏铁雌株高度相关的RAPD标记,其大小约为500bp,该标记与雄株没有关联。     

基于遥感和GIS的川西绿被时空变化研究

探索出了利用多时相MODIS数据分析绿被时空变化的技术方法,揭示出了川西2002—2008年间绿被的变化特征。建立了绿被提取模型。用其从2002—2008年的多期MODIS影像中提取出川西多期绿被数据。其次,利用GIS技术对2002—2008年间绿被变化,及其与温度、降雨的关系等进行了分析。研究表明:2002年绿被天数在195 d以上的区域有43.3%。终年无绿被的区域有4.3%。西北部植被生长日数短,而东南部生长日数长。2002—2008年间,春季绿被面积变幅最大,秋季最小。最大绿被面积出现在2006年的夏季,最小绿被面积出现在2005年的冬季。平均夏冬绿被面积差占区域面积46.7%。在季节上,绿被面积与温度和降雨量均在0.01的水平上呈显著正相关关系,其相关系数分别为0.82和0.84。该研究成果对植被生长潜力挖掘、农牧生产和生态建设决策等均有重要意义。     

能源植物甜高粱种质资源和分子生物学研究进展

世界能源危机和全球生态环境日益恶化迫使人们急需开发可再生能源。生物质能源作为一种清洁的可再生能源已受到世界各国的高度重视。发展生物质能源的瓶颈之一是生物质原料不足。甜高粱的生物学产量和含糖量极高, 同时兼有耐旱、耐涝、耐贫瘠和耐盐碱等诸多优良特性, 被认为是最具开发潜力的能源植物之一。该文从甜高粱的分类学、生物学特点、种质资源评价、功能基因以及基因组信息等方面综述了甜高粱的最新研究进展和存在的问题, 并展望了甜高粱作为能源植物的研发前景。     

NADH荧光法快速检测细菌总数

基于细菌胞内NADH的荧光特性及其在胞内含量稳定的特性, 建立一种快速检测细菌总数的新方法。该荧光法的NADH检测限为1 nmol/L, NADH含量在10 nmol/L~0.2 mmol/L间与荧光强度呈良好线性关系(R2 =0.9905)。经离心获得菌体细胞, 热Tris-HCl法提取胞内NADH, 以 342 nm为激发波长, 461 nm为发射波长测定提取液荧光强度, 1 h内可检测到样品1×104 CFU/mL菌数。结果表明该方法快速、灵敏、简便、重复性好, 可适用于食品卫生与安全、环境检测等领域活细菌数量的定量检测。     

Functional comparison of metallothioneins MTT1 and MTT2 from Tetrahymena thermophila

Metallothioneins MTT1 and MTT2 from Tetrahymena thermophila have been characterized. The MTT1 contains mainly characteristic Cys-Cys-Cys and Cys-Cys clusters, but MTT2 contains mainly Cys-X-Cys cluster. Cd₁₆-MTT1 mainly consists of α-helix and β-turns, in contrast, Cd₁₁-MTT2 mainly consists of random coils. Reaction of Cd₁₆-MTT1 and Cd₁₁-MTT2 with nitric oxide leads to intramolecular disulfide bond formation, respectively. Binding stabilities of Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ to MTT1 are stronger than those to MTT2. Cu²⁺ can not replace Cd²⁺ from Cd₁₆-MTT1 complex, but can replace Cd²⁺ from Cd₁₁-MTT2 complex. The analysis of qRT-PCR revealed MTT2 mRNA levels were 31-fold higher than those of MTT1 under basal conditions. These results further suggest MTT1 possibly play a role in the detoxification of heavy metal ions, and MTT2 may be involved in the homeostasis of copper ions.     

大气颗粒物污染对土地覆盖变化的响应

土地利用-覆盖变化(LUCC)直接或间接影响颗粒物污染。了解颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应,对维护和改善生态环境具有重要的意义。基于卫星遥感技术,从广域的空间尺度分析颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应。使用MODIS数据分别提取与颗粒物污染相关性较高的城市用地、林地等土地利用类型,确定土地利用类型的变化趋势,利用长时间序列MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,Aerosol optical depth)产品分析颗粒物污染与土地利用类型的变化的相关性。以山东省青岛市、淄博市、济南市3个典型城市为例,研究了AOD随土地利用类型的变化趋势。同时,考虑并分析了颗粒物污染对土地利用变化响应的敏感性,以及城市区域变化对环境的影响。研究结果表明,不同的城市类型,由于决定环境变化主导因素的差异,颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应具有明显的差异。青岛市地区,由于受海洋影响显著,大气颗粒物污染与LUCC的相关性较低,如中度污染天气与林地的相关系数为-0.451;而淄博市和济南市的相关系数分别为-0.473、-0.507。     

不同预处理对大麦花药3种内源激素含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响

研究了大麦（Ｈｏｒｄｅｕｍ ｖｕｌｇａｒｅ Ｌ．）花药－花粉培养中不同预处理对花药内源激素（ＡＢＡ,ＩＡＡ,ＩＰＡ）含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明：１． 经甘露醇预处理不同天数,同一种基因型的３种内源激素的变化和不同基因型的同一种内源激素的变化规律十分相似,均是在预处理初期含量急剧增加,最高值在０．５或１ ｄ 处。以后开始逐渐下降;最后,保持在一定的水平上。２． 在甘露醇预处理过程中,两种基因型花药过氧化物酶活性的变化规律也十分相似。在预处理前期（从开始到第３天）活性呈直线上升,第３天达到最大值。从第３天到第５天活性减弱。最后,活性又开始增强。３． 在低温预处理过程的初期（２～５ ｄ） 两种基因型花药过氧化物酶活性都出现第一个小峰。在第１４天（“Ｈａｒｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ”）或第２１天（“Ｉｇｒｉ”）又出现第二个峰值,但后者较高。在预处理的后期（从第２８天到第３５天）两种基因型花药过氧化物酶的活性又呈现上升的趋势。同甘露醇预处理后期变化一致     

Phosphorylation on tyrosine-15 of p34(Cdc2) by ErbB2 inhibits p34(Cdc2) activation and is involved in resistance to taxol-induced apoptosis

ErbB2 overexpression confers resistance to taxol-induced apoptosis by inhibiting p34(Cdc2) activation. One mechanism is via ErbB2-mediated upregulation of p21(Cip1), which inhibits Cdc2. Here, we report that the inhibitory phosphorylation on Cdc2 tyrosine (Y)15 (Cdc2-Y15-p) is elevated in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and primary tumors. ErbB2 binds to and colocalizes with cyclin B-Cdc2 complexes and phosphorylates Cdc2-Y15. The ErbB2 kinase domain is sufficient to directly phosphorylate Cdc2-Y15. Increased Cdc2-Y15-p in ErbB2-overexpressing cells corresponds with delayed M phase entry. Expressing a nonphosphorylatable mutant of Cdc2 renders cells more sensitive to taxol-induced apoptosis. Thus, ErbB2 membrane RTK can confer resistance to taxol-induced apoptosis by directly phosphorylating Cdc2.     

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi,China

Construction materials are considerable forces of global environmental impacts, but their dynamics vis‐à‐vis urban development are poorly documented, in part because their long lifespans require elusive and sometimes nonexistent decade‐long high‐resolution data. This study analyzes the construction material flow and stock trends that shaped and were shaped by the development, decline, and renewal of the Tiexi district of Shenyang, a microcosm of China's urban transformations since the early 20th century. Chronicling building‐by‐building the material flows and stock accumulations involved in the buildup of this area, we shed light on the physical resource context of its socioeconomic history. We find that 42 million tonnes of construction materials were needed to develop the Tiexi district from 1910 to 2018, and 18 million tonnes of material outflows were generated by end‐of‐life building demolition. However, over 55% of inflows and 93% of outflows occurred since 2002 during a complete redevelopment of the district. Only small portions of end‐of‐life materials could have been reused or recycled because of temporal and typological mismatches of supply and demand and technical limitations. Our analysis reveals a dramatic decrease in median building lifetimes to as low as 6 years in the early 21st century. These findings contribute to the discussion of long‐term environmental efficiency and sustainability of societal development through construction and reflect on the challenges of urban renewal processes not only in China but also in other developing and developed countries that lost (or may lose) their traditional economic base and restructure their urban forms. This article met the requirements for a Silver/Silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges .