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221.
Kayoko Ikeda Minoru Kato Keitaro Yamanouchi Kunihiko Naito Hideaki Tojo 《Experimental Animals》2002,51(4):395-399
Although whey acidic protein (WAP) has been suggested to have some biological functions, its true function has not yet been clearly elucidated. We have generated transgenic mice ubiquitously and highly expressing the WAP gene. The pups born from one female among these transgenic mice showed low growth or died during nursing. This transgenic founder showed novel development of the mammary glands, and demonstrated normal parturition and nursing behavior. The mammary glands showed low-distended ductal structures, and poor development of lobulo-alveolar and acinous formations despite normal nursing, while mammary ducts were rather large in comparison with those of normal lactating females. Although this founder was found to be mosaic for transgenesis, it was shown to be a useful animal model for investigating WAP function. 相似文献
222.
N Okahashi T Koga T Nishihara T Fujiwara S Hamada 《Journal of general microbiology》1988,134(6):1707-1715
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were isolated from Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 and F. necrophorum ATCC 25286 by the hot phenol/water procedure. F. nucleatum LPS was composed of 16% (w/w) carbohydrate, 10% (w/w) hexosamine and 40% (w/w) fatty acid, while F. necrophorum LPS was composed of 26% (w/w) carbohydrate, 12% (w/w) hexosamine and 28% (w/w) fatty acid. These LPS preparations induced mitogenic responses in spleen cells of BALB/c, BALB/c (nu/nu) and C3H/HeN mice, and these responses were suppressed by the addition of polymyxin B. The preparations also induced the polyclonal responses of C3H/HeN spleen cells. In addition, enhanced glucose utilization and interleukin-1 production by murine peritoneal macrophages were demonstrated. Neither spleen cells nor macrophages from the 'LPS-nonresponsive' C3H/HeJ mouse were activated by LPSs from the Fusobacterium species. 相似文献
223.
Ion Composition of the Chara Internode 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ion compositions of the cytoplasm and the vacuole of Chara australiswere analyzed according to Kishimoto and Tazawa (1964) and Kiyosawa(1979a). The ions in the cytoplasm and the vacuole analyzedwere K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl, NO3 and H2PO4.Assuming that the volume of the cytoplasm Vp is 10% of thatof the whole cell V, the concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+,Cl, NO3 and H2PO4 in the cytoplasm averaged70, 15, 13, 4.6, 31, 2.2 and 16 mM, respectively. If the volumeof the cytoplasm was assumed to be 5% of that of the whole cell,their averaged concentrations were 139, 31, 25, 9.2, 62, 4.4and 33 mM, respectively. The averaged ion compositions of thecell sap were K+, 111; Na+, 47; Ca2+, 4.4; Mg2+, 8.9; Cl,91; NO3, 3.3 and H2PO4, 6.0 mM. These values,taking the concentrations and the charges of the protein (Kiyosawa1979b) and amino acids (Sakano and Tazawa 1984) into accountand assuming the presence of some uni- or oligovalent anionsand/or small nonelectrolyte molecules, could explain fairlywell both the electroneutrality and the osmotic pressure ofthe cell, except when Vp/V = 5%. (Received May 18, 1987; Accepted September 29, 1987) 相似文献
224.
Kohei Yoshida Keitaro Suyama Shin Matsushita Iori Maeda Takeru Nose 《Journal of peptide science》2023,29(12):e3528
Elastin-like peptides (ELPs) are synthetic peptides that mimic the characteristic hydrophobic amino acid repeat sequences of elastin and exhibit temperature-dependent reversible self-assembly properties. ELPs are expected to be used as temperature-responsive biomolecular materials across diverse industrial and research fields, and there is a requirement for a straightforward method to mass-produce them. Previously, we demonstrated that phenylalanine-containing ELP analogs, namely, (FPGVG)n, can undergo coacervation with short chains (n = 5). The Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis method is one strategy used to synthesize these short ELPs. However, owing to its low reaction efficiency, an efficient method for preparing ELPs is required. In this study, efficient preparation of ELPs was investigated using a liquid-phase synthesis method with a hydrophobic benzyl alcohol support (HBA-tag). Because HBA-tags are highly hydrophobic, they can be easily precipitated by the addition of poor solvents and recovered by filtration. This property allows the method to combine the advantages of the simplicity of solid-phase methods and the high reaction efficiency of liquid-phase methods. By utilizing liquid-phase fragment condensation with HBA-tags, short ELPs were successfully obtained in high yield and purity. Finally, the temperature-dependent response of the ELPs generated through fragment condensation was assessed using turbidity measurements, which revealed a reversible phase transition. Consequently, the ELPs exhibited a reversible phase transition, indicating successful synthesis of ELPs via fragment preparation with tags. These findings provide evidence of the potential for mass production of ELPs using this approach. 相似文献
225.
Transport of Rb+ from the roots to the pulvinus and its diurnal movement in the pulvinus were investigated. Rb+ was given to the roots as its chloride or nitrate. The results showed that (1) Rb+ was transported from the roots to the pulvinus through the hypocotyl, epicotyl and petiole, (2) Rb+ was absorbed into the pulvinus in exchange for K+, (3) the absorbed Rb+ moved diurnally in the same phase as the remaining K+. Namely, Rb+ moved in the pulvinus diurnally just like K+. 相似文献
226.
Yukio Ikehara Kimimitsu Oda Keitaro Kato 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1976,72(1):319-326
The conversion site of proalbumin into serum albumin was investigated in the subcellular fractions of rat liver labeled with [3H] leucine in vivo. In the cisternae-rich fraction of the Golgi complex as well as in the microsomal fraction most of the labeled albumin was detected as proalbumin, while in the secretory vesicles, which were obtained in increased amount by oral administration of ethanol, more than 70% of the labeled albumin was found as serum type, indicating that conversion of proalbumin into serum albumin occurs within the secretory vesicles in rat liver. Little accumulation of albumin was observed in colchicine-treated rats. 相似文献
227.
Summary One of the membrane characteristics of plant cells, rectification, or the direction dependence of water permeability, was investigated inCharaceae internodes using the procedures we developed (Tazawa andKiyosawa 1973) for determining the endosmotic (k
pen) and exosmotic (k
pex) water permeabilities of the membranes (plasmalemma and tonoplast) in the transcellular osmosis system. Bothk
pen andk
pex were dependent on the osmotic pressure (
o
) of the mannitol solution, which is the driving force for the transcellular osmosis. Thus, kpen increased andk
pex decreased with
o
. The rectification parameter, or the polarity (p), defined ask
pen/k
pex tended to unity when
o
approached zero.InNitella flexilis the specific resistances of the membranes to endosmosis and exosmosis,k
pen
–1
andk
pex
–1
, were linearly dependent on 0. When the cell was partitioned into two equal halves,k
pen
–1
=4.2×104–1.1×1030,k
pex
–1
=4.2×104+2.9×1030, where the specific resistances are represented in cm–1 sec atm. When
o
is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 M mannitol eq., the rectification parameter is calculated as 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2.4, and 2.9, respectively. Essentially the same results were also obtained withChara australis.Results were discussed on the basis of changes in the hydration of the cytoplasm. Assuming that the driving force across the protoplasmic layer can be divided into two forces; one driving water across the plasmalemma and the other driving water across the tonoplast, we deduced that the cytoplasm on the endosmosis side is hydrated, while the cytoplasm on the exosmosis side is dehydrated. Analysis showed that changes in hydration depend on the rate of flow.This work was supported partly by a Research Grant from the Ministry of Education of Japan. 相似文献
228.
Behaviour of the NO-β-d-glucosiduronic acid of N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine as a substrate for β-glucuronidase
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Hiroyuki Ide Sidney Green Keitaro Kato William H. Fishman 《The Biochemical journal》1968,106(2):431-435
1. Biosynthetic sodium (N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine NO-beta-d-glucosid)-uronate is hydrolysed completely by purified mouse urinary beta-glucuronidase into the products N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine and glucuronic acid. The hydrolysis is inhibited by saccharo-(1-->4)-lactone. These results not only confirm the identity and purity of the substrate but also establish it as a substrate for beta-glucuronidase. 2. Mammalian and bacterial beta-glucuronidase preparations hydrolysed the substrate at a rate one-fifth of that for (phenolphthalein beta-d-glucosid)uronic acid under the optimum conditions of hydrolysis for each source. 3. The pH optimum is 4.1 and the Michaelis constant, K(m), is 3.3x10(-4)m with purified mouse urinary beta-glucuronidase as the enzyme source acting on the NO-beta-d-glucosiduronic acid. The aglycone after extraction into chloroform was quantitatively determined spectrophotometrically at its absorption maximum (256mmu). 4. The hydrolysis was studied as a function of time and temperature. 5. From a consideration of the chemical and enzymic properties of this NO-beta-d-glucosiduronic acid it is possible to suggest its catabolism in vivo. 相似文献
229.
Ishikawa Hideo; Matsuura Keitaro; Yamamura Sadao; Ohta Eiji; Sakata Makoto 《Plant & cell physiology》1984,25(3):359-365
Two simultaneous measurements, extracellular potential V andK$(86Rb) transport, and the intracellular potential of corticalcell E and potential V, were used to study the effects of externalKCl on two-day-old bean roots. High, external KCl concentrations(>10 mM) markedly enhanced K$ loss from tissues in the elongatingregion to the external solution and induced depolarization ofthe membrane potential difference (PD=VE). When Phaseolus roots were returned to a solution with a lowerconcentration of K$, the K$ loss and the potential difference,PD, were restored to their previous values. K$ transport fromother parts of the root to the elongating region, however, didnot recover, and the potential, E, increased. These resultsclearly demonstrate that treatment of Phaseolus roots with ahigh external K$ concentration inhibits K$ translocation throughthe stele to the elongating cortical cells and is dependenton depolarization of the intracellular potential. (Received October 14, 1983; Accepted January 20, 1984) 相似文献
230.
Ion and saccharide concentrations in the upper and lower partsof the laminar pulvinus of the primary leaf of Phaseolus vulgariswere measured in relation to the circadian movement. Concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl, organic acid,NO3, H2PO4, fructose and fructose-yielding saccharidesin the pulvinus were 75120, 0.30.7, 58,612, 4060, 6073, 1935, 29and 15 mM, respectively, and the osmotic pressure ofthe pulvinus was considered to be due to these ions. The cell volume in the expanding part was larger than that inthe contracting part. The change of the cell volume alteredthe molar concentration in the cell sap and therefore the amountof solutes actually transported from the upper to the lowerpart and vice versa was estimated from the concentration expressedin moles per gram of dry weight. Results showed that K+, Cl, organic acid (or H+) andNO3 moved from the upper to lower parts or vice versain the pulvinus in relation to its deformation, keeping theelectroneutrality among those ions, whereas Ca2+ and Mg2+ didnot move. The difference in the K+ concentration between theupper and lower parts when the leaf was up or down amountedto 30% of the whole osmotic pressure. This lead to the conclusionthat the endogenous clock-controlled unequal distribution ofK+, Cl, organic acid (or H+) and NO3 in the pulvinuscould be the force for the circadian leaf movement. (Received August 7, 1979; ) 相似文献