阔口尖毛虫皮层纤毛器微管在不同生理条件下的分化

应用激光扫描共聚焦显微术,显示腹毛类纤毛虫阔口尖毛虫(Oxytricha platystoma)无性生殖过程中,新的口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、左右缘棘毛微管先后分化,老纤毛器微管去分化,细胞分裂产生各含一套纤毛器微管的前、后两仔虫;生理改组过程中,口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、左右缘棘毛微管发生去分化和再分化,细胞皮层微管胞器更新形成含一套纤毛器微管的新细胞。结果表明阔口尖毛虫在无性生殖和生理改组这两种不同的生理条件下,其纤毛器微管结构的形成或更新可能具有相同的细胞调控机制,形态发生中老纤毛器结构可能对新结构的发生和发育具有诱导定位和物质贡献的作用。     

西达本胺对人前列腺癌DU145及PC3细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究西达本胺对前列腺癌DU145、PC3细胞生长抑制及凋亡调控的作用。方法:设置西达本胺浓度分别为4、8、16、32和64μmol/L的5个处理组和对照组(未加西达本胺),分别处理DU145、PC3细胞不同时间,采用MTT法检测细胞的增殖抑制情况,用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,用流式细胞仪进行细胞凋亡分析,用免疫印迹法检测细胞内Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3、caspase-9的表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,西达本胺处理组可使细胞明显变圆、体积缩小、脱壁细胞增多;MTT法检测显示,随着西达本胺浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,对DU145、PC3细胞的增殖抑制作用增强,并呈时间、剂量正相关(P<0.01);流式细胞术显示,对照组和16、64μmol/L西达本胺组细胞凋亡率分别为42.24%、50.23%;随着西达本胺浓度的增加,Bcl-2的表达呈下调趋势,Bax、caspase-3、caspase-9的表达呈上调趋势,呈剂量正相关。结论:西达本胺对前列腺癌DU145、PC3细胞生长具有明显的抑制作用,作用机制可能与Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3及caspase-9凋亡信号通路有关。     

Nonperturbative chemical imaging of organelle transport in living cells with coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Nonperturbative monitoring of intracellular organelle transport in unstained living cells was achieved with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. To avoid possible interference with the organelle transport introduced by laser radiation, we first examined different illumination conditions. Using a new photodamage criterion based on morphological changes of the cells, we determined the threshold values of both pulse energy and average power at relevant wavelengths. Under excitation conditions much milder than the threshold levels, we were able to monitor the motions of lipid droplet (LD) organelles in steroidogenic mouse adrenal cortical (Y-1) cells with CARS microscopy in real time without perturbations to the cells. Particle tracking analyses revealed subdiffusion as well as active transport of LDs along microtubules. Interestingly, LD active transport is only present in Y-1 cells that rounded up in culture, a morphological change associated with steroidogenesis, suggesting possible involvements of LD active transport in the latter. Simultaneous imaging of LDs and mitochondria with CARS and two-photon fluorescence microscopy clearly showed that interactions between the two organelles could be facilitated by high LD motility. These observations demonstrate CARS microscopy as a powerful noninvasive imaging tool for studying dynamic processes in living cells.     

树突状细胞C型凝集素DC-SIGN在人肾炎组织和肾小管上皮细胞表达

DC-SIGN(DC-specificICAM-grabbingnon-integrin,亦称CD209)属树突状细胞(DC)表面C型凝集素的膜蛋白。作为DC黏附及模式识别受体,其参与介导了DC的炎症组织迁移,识别捕获病原微生物,以及随后激活静息T细胞启动的免疫应答。为此观察了DC-SIGN及DC-SIGN DC在肾炎患者肾组织中表达和分布,以及DC-SIGN在炎性状态下培养人肾小管上皮细胞表达,探讨与肾小管间质炎症病变和损伤的关系。结果显示,DC-SIGN在正常肾组织基本不表达,而在肾炎早期即以肾小管上皮细胞为主表达上调,且随肾小管间质病变程度加重表达增强(P<0.01),与肾小管间质病变程度明显相关(P<0.01)。此外,DC-SIGN在经TNF-α刺激炎性状态下的人肾小管上皮细胞也明显表达。进一步发现,DC-SIGN DC在肾炎早期以肾间质为主分布聚集,也随肾小管间质病变程度加重明显增多(P<0.01),与肾小管间质病变程度显著相关(P<0.01),也与DC-SIGN表达相关联(P<0.01)。另外,DC-SIGN DC在肾小管间质分布数量与肾炎患者肾功能改变明显相关(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,DC-SIGN也是肾小管间质早期炎症的启动参与因素,其介导DC可能也参与了人肾炎肾小管间质的免疫损伤机制。     

PPAR-γ作用及其相关信号转导途径

过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体(peroxisomeproliferater-activatedreceptor,PPAR)是一类配体激活的核转录因子超家族成员,包括PPAR-α、PPAR-β/δ和PPAR-γ三种表型,其中以PPAR-γ的研究最为深入。PPAR-γ通过JAK-STAT、激活蛋白-1(AP-1)、NF-κB、活化T细胞核因子信号通路(NFAT)来抑制炎症反应;通过抑制泡沫细胞(foamcell)的分化、炎症反应以及细胞增殖来抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生发展;通过磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)、瘦素、脂链素等信号通路来参与糖稳态的调节;通过细胞周期的调控来影响肿瘤生长;参与脂肪细胞分化并与肥胖密切相关。明确这些相关信号通路以及相关细胞因子的作用,可对相关疾病机制及防治进一步提供有力依据和干预途径。     

Berberine-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes involves both AMPK and p38 MAPK

Berberine is a plant alkaloid used in traditional Chinese medicine and has been reported to have antihyperglycemic activity in NIDDM patients. However, the molecular basis for this action is yet to be elucidated. Here we investigate the effects and signaling pathways of berberine on L6 rat skeletal muscles. Our study demonstrates that berberine stimulates glucose uptake in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Intriguingly, berberine-stimulated glucose uptake does not vary as insulin concentration increases, and could not be blocked by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Berberine only weakly stimulates the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, a key molecule in the insulin signaling pathway, but strongly promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK. The effects of berberine are not a result of pro-oxidant action, but a consequence of an increased cellular AMP:ATP ratio. Moreover, berberine-stimulated glucose uptake is inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Inhibition of AMPK reduces p38 MAPK phosphorylation, suggesting that AMPK lies upstream of p38 MAPK. These results suggest that berberine circumvents insulin signaling pathways and stimulates glucose uptake through the AMP-AMPK-p38 MAPK pathway, which may account for the antihyperglycemic effects of this drug.     

长柄双花木光合功能对光强的适应

在光强较高的纯林和阔叶林内,长柄双花木净光合速率呈“双峰曲线”,并伴随有胞间CO2的下降和气孔限制值的增大;随着日间光强的增大,叶片PQ还原程度和非光化学猝灭（NPQ）增加,ΦPSⅡ则下降,但后者午后随着光强的下降可得到完全恢复;叶片吸收光能分配于光化学反应的比例随着光强的增大而迅速减少;而天线色素热耗散部分及反应中心过剩的光能则显著增加,在午后光强减弱后两者均可恢复到早晨的初始水平。在低照度光的竹林内,净光合速率呈现“单峰曲线”,叶片PQ还原程度、NPQ以及ΦPSⅡ均无明显变化,叶片吸收光能也主要用于光化学反应,热耗散及过剩光能比例均较低。     

杨扇舟蛾卵和幼虫的空间分布型及抽样技术

研究了杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius)卵和幼虫的空间分布型及抽样技术,结果表明杨扇舟蛾卵和幼虫在杨树林的分布型均为聚集型中的负二项分布。几种抽样方法中,卵以棋盘式最好,幼虫以平行线法最好。同时建立了杨扇舟蛾卵的下层抽样模型为y=2.4481x 0.4243;幼虫的中、下层抽样模型为y=2.4605x 3.9126。     

中脑多巴胺神经元位相性兴奋与行为强化

生理状态下,突然呈现的奖赏刺激可以诱发机体中脑多巴胺能神经元产生位相性兴奋。近期有研究认为,这种位相性兴奋直接反映了机体对奖赏的预期与实际奖赏间的差异,而此兴奋所导致的多巴胺释放可显著改变多巴胺能神经支配区域多巴胺的浓度,影响纹状体及其它边缘皮层区神经元的兴奋性,并介导神经突触效能发生长时程改变。经此方式,奖赏相关的环境变化对机体的行为产生即时和长期影响,这一过程可能是自然奖赏物及成瘾药物产生行为强化效应的基础之一。