Altered Plasma Concentrations of Trace Elements in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Before and After Surgery

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a classical surgery for ulcerative colitis patients. However, knowledge on trace element alteration in patients who had undergone this surgery is limited. This study was conducted to assess trace element alteration in patients with ulcerative colitis before and after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Preoperative (40) and postoperative (35) ulcerative colitis patients were studied. The dietary assessment of trace element intake was undertaken by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Patients' trace element status of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, calcium, iron, and vitamin D₃ was assessed by measuring their blood concentrations. We found that with the similar dietary intake, there was no statistical difference in the concentrations of plasma copper, iron, calcium, and vitamin D₃ in the two groups (P?>?0.05). Compared with preoperative patients, postoperative patients had higher concentrations of plasma zinc (14.51?±?4.75 μmol/l) and manganese (0.21?±?0.11 μmol/l) and lower concentrations of plasma selenium (0.86?±?0.58 μmol/l). Both preoperative and postoperative mean concentrations of plasma calcium and vitamin D₃ were below their reference range, respectively. We conclude that IPAA does not seem to alter patients' abnormal trace elements completely. It is important to monitor and supply some specified trace elements even in postoperative patients.     

β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶基因在大肠杆菌中共表达

【目的】β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶都属于半纤维素酶,它们已经同时运用于工农业生产的许多领域。构建β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶共表达菌株并进行相关评价。【方法】通过设计一个共同的酶切位点,将菌株Bacillus subtilis BE-91中的β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶基因串联到表达载体pET28a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌构建了一株能够共表达β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的菌株B.pET28a-man-xyl。【结果】菌株诱导21 h后,发酵液中β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的酶活分别为713.34 U/mL和1455.83 U/mL,是胞内酶活的11.8倍和2.53倍。【结论】SDS-PAGE分析、水解圈活性检测和胞外酶与胞内酶酶活检测表明:两个酶均以功能蛋白独立分泌到胞外。此外,与β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶单独酶解半纤维素相比,复合酶的酶解效果更好。菌株的成功构建为复合酶制剂(半纤维素酶制剂)的研究和生产奠定基础。     

大肠杆菌甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)的敲除及其对甘油产量的影响

利用Red重组系统构建了大肠杆菌JM109甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)缺失的双突变菌株JM109B,然后将表达酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因(GPD1)和3-磷酸甘油酯酶基因(HOR2)的质粒pSE-gpd1-hor2转化到JM109B突变菌株中,在含1%葡萄糖的摇瓶发酵培养基中37℃发酵24 h,甘油的最高产量为5.61 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍;在30 L发酵罐中发酵28 h,甘油的最高产量为103.12 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍,是原始菌株BL21/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.41倍,葡萄糖转化率为50.39%。     

青冈常绿阔叶林内的小气候特征

分析我国中亚热带东部青冈（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林内的小气候特征,１９９３～１９９５年的研究结果表明：①到达青冈林的总太阳辐射为３３４４７８０ｋＪ／（ｍ２·ａ）,四季中群落的反射率、透射率和吸收率分别为１６％～２２％、９％～１２％和６７％～７４％。②林冠外上方及群落上层气温在白天高于群落下层,夜间低于群落下层,可相差３～５℃,夏季差异最大。③林内外空气相对湿度的日动态呈“Ｕ”型变化,林内夜间湿度高达９０％左右,午间较低,在５０％左右。在四季的晴天中,林冠上方的空气相对湿度均低于林内,相差５％～２２％,夏季和冬季差异最大。④林中的ＣＯ２浓度在林冠层最低,近地面层最高,各季节始终低于林外,其中夏、秋两季最明显。⑤在春、夏、秋３季中,土壤温度为白天高于夜间,而冬季则为夜间高于白天;土壤湿度以冬、春季较高（３１．９％和２８．５％）,夏季最低（１４．２％）。由于青冈次生林的叶面积指数较小,群落结构较简单,因而整个群落的透光系数较大,群落内外空气温湿度的差异也较小,体现出幼年林向中年林过渡阶段的特点     

裂解性复制诱导产生可视化重组Epstein Barr病毒

为了在病毒的整个基因组中研究基因的功能,分析基因与基因之间的相互作用,含有整个野生型EB病毒(EBV)基因组的BAC-EBV质粒(p2089),首先被转染EBV阴性的HEK293细胞,经潮霉素筛选建立了HEK293/p2089稳定细胞系.再构建pcDNA3.1( )/BZLF1和pcDNA3.1( )/BALF4真核表达质粒,共转染至HEK293/p2089细胞内,诱导EBV裂解性复制产生可视化的重组EBV颗粒.重组EBV颗粒感染Raji细胞,在倒置荧光显微镜下和流式细胞仪记数GFP阳性细胞,根据这些"绿色Raji单位"确定病毒的滴度.在国内首次建立这种以细菌人工染色体(BAC)为基础的EBV感染性克隆技术,将允许对EB病毒基因组中任何基因的任何遗传修饰,为在整个基因组中对EB病毒基因功能的研究奠定了基础,也为对EBV与其相关的肿瘤如鼻咽癌发生机理的研究建立了新的技术平台.     

辽宁省森林植被碳储量和固碳速率变化

利用CBM-CFS3模型,结合森林资源相关数据,研究辽宁省森林植被碳储量和固碳速率;并基于是否造林的两种假设情境,预测了未来辽宁省森林植被碳储量、碳密度和固碳速率的时空变化趋势.结果表明： 2005年辽宁省森林植被碳储量为133.94 Tg,碳密度为25.08 t·hm^-2,其中,栎类的碳储量最大,刺槐碳储量最小;落叶松和阔叶林碳密度较大,油松、栎类和刺槐碳密度基本相当.全省森林植被碳密度呈东高西低的分布规律,辽东地区由于森林多为成熟林和过熟林,未来植被碳密度增加潜力不大,辽宁南部和北部的中幼龄林未来将成为植被碳密度增长的高值区.在假设未来不造林的情景下,辽宁省森林植被碳储量上升缓慢,固碳速率下降较快;在无林地造林情景下,全省森林植被碳储量、固碳速率将明显提高.说明造林在增加森林植被碳储量和碳密度、提高森林的固碳速率中起到了重要作用.     

染色质免疫沉淀-测序：全基因组范围研究蛋白质-DNA相互作用的新技术

染色质免疫沉淀-测序(ChIP-seq)是近年来新兴的将染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)与深度测序技术相结合,在全基因组范围内分析DNA结合蛋白结合位点、组蛋白修饰、核小体定位和DNA甲基化的高通量技术．在新一代测序(NGS)技术的大力推动下,ChIP-seq提供了一种相对于ChIP-chip高分辨率、低噪音、高覆盖率的研究方法．随着测序成本的降低,ChIP-seq逐步成为研究基因调控和表观遗传机制的一种常用手段．本文就该技术的最近研究进展进行综述,并着重介绍ChIP-seq数据分析过程及该技术的实际应用情况.     

不同耕作方式对旱作冬小麦旗叶衰老和籽粒产量的影响

在旱作条件下研究了一次深翻、免耕、深松和传统耕作4种耕作方式对冬小麦花后旗叶衰老、小麦籽粒产量及土壤水分和养分状况的影响.结果表明：免耕和深松提高了小麦旗叶SOD和POD活性及可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,降低了MDA和O₂^-·含量,延缓了小麦叶片的衰老进程;同时,免耕、深松在开花期和灌浆期0～40 cm土层土壤水分含量分别比传统耕作提高了4.13％、6.23％和5.50％、9.27％,土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于传统耕作.一次深翻0～40 cm土层土壤水分含量低于传统耕作,土壤养分含量高于传统耕作,但两处理间差异不显著.与传统耕作相比,免耕和深松花后干物质生产量分别提高4.34％和4.76％,花后干物质转运率分别提高15.56％和13.51％,产量分别提高10.22％和9.26%.免耕和深松为冬小麦花后生长发育提供了良好的环境,延缓了小麦叶片衰老,促进了花后干物质积累及干物质向籽粒的转运,从而使籽粒产量显著提高,是旱作麦区适宜的耕作方式.     

粘质沙雷氏菌产几丁质酶发酵条件的研究

目的：通过对粘质沙雷氏菌发酵条件的优化,提高其产几丁质酶的能力。方法：以实验室保存菌种粘质沙雷氏菌S418为对象,通过单因素试验和三因素三水平正交试验筛选出了菌株S418产几丁质酶的最佳培养基配方及培养条件。结果：该菌种产酶的最佳发酵条件：0.2%（w/v）胶体几丁质,1%蛋白胨,0.05%KH2PO4,在28℃、pH7.0、接种量6%,培养72h,酶活达到5.49U/mL。结论：优化后菌株S418产几丁质酶的条件。     

An investigation on the genetic background of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nostoc flagelliforme</Emphasis> by similarity analysis of its partial genomic DNA and phylogenetic comparison of deduced related species

Nostoc flagelliforme, which is distributed on arid and semi-arid steppes of northwestern parts of China, has attracted increasing interest for its stress tolerance. In order to gain more insight into the genetic background of N. flagelliforme, we sequenced its partial genomic DNA for similarity analyses against current public databases, followed by phylogenetic comparison of N. flagelliforme and the potentially related species deduced from the similarity analyses. Approximately 430 kb genomic sequence (~5% of genome as a rough estimate) was determined from 106 distinct genomic clones. Nucleotide BLAST showed that ~23.1% of the partial genomic sequence was similar to N. punctiforme genomic DNA and ~12.4% to its plasmid DNA. Similar protein search by online FASTA-protein program showed 46.2% of the similar proteins had their corresponding orthologs in N. punctiforme genome. Furthermore, phylogenetic comparison based on 16S rRNA sequences showed N. flagelliforme and N. punctiforme clustered closer among the deduced related species. These results indicated that N. punctiforme might also be potentially close neighbor species of N. flagelliforme, in addition to the formerly regarded close neighbor species N. commune and N. sphaeroids. In general, these data enriched our recognition of the evolutionary relationship between N. flagelliforme and other Nostoc species, especially N. punctiforme.