热休克预处理对TNF-α诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞迁移的影响

热休克反应是机体中一个重要的内源性保护机制,但其对TNF-α诱导的单核/巨噬细胞迁移有无影响目前尚不清楚.采用酶联免疫吸附实验观察TNF-α(20μg/L)刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞4h后炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-15的表达情况;Western blot验证热休克预处理诱导热休克蛋白表达的增加;利用细胞趋化实验观察热休克预处理(42℃,1h)对TNF-α所致巨噬细胞迁移的影响.研究发现,TNF-α可明显促进RAW264.7细胞株中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-15等炎症因子的释放;热休克预处理诱导热休克蛋白HSP70、HSP90、HSP25表达增加;细胞趋化实验发现TNF-α处理的RAW264.7细胞迁移能力较正常对照组明显增强,而热休克预处理组巨噬细胞的迁移能力较单纯TNF-α处理组明显减弱.上述结果表明,热休克预处理抑制TNF-α所致巨噬细胞的迁移.     

一氧化碳减轻脂多糖诱导的大鼠小肠损伤与p38 MAPK磷酸化水平的关系

目的：观察低浓度一氧化碳（CO）吸入和腹腔给予对脂多糖（LPS）诱导大鼠小肠损伤的作用及作用过程中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38（p38 MAPK）磷酸化水平的变化。方法：6组SD大鼠静脉注入5mg／kg体质量IPS或等容量生理盐水;1h后,对照及LPS注入组吸入室内空气,CO吸入及LPS注入＋CO吸入组吸入体积分数为2．5×10^-4CO．CO腹腔及LPS注入＋CO腹腔组腹腔通入体积分数为2．5×10^-4CO。观察1、3、6h后放血处死,取回盲部上小肠,酶联免疫吸附法测定血小板活化因子（PAV）及细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）水平;光镜观察组织形态学变化;蛋白印迹法测定p38 MAPK磷酸化水平。结果：LPS注入组PAF、ICAM-1及p38 MAPK磷酸化水平显著高于相应时间点的对照、CO吸入及CO腹腔组（P均〈0．01）;组内各时间点比较,差异无统计学意义。与相应时间点的LPS注入组比较,LPS注入＋CO吸入及LPS注入＋CP腹腔组的PAF和ICAM-1明显降低（P均〈0．05）,但p38 MAPK磷酸化水平进一步增高（P均〈0．05）;此两组间及两组内各时间点比较,差异无统计学意义。结论：低浓度CO吸入和腹腔给予以非时间依赖方式下调LPS诱导的大鼠小肠PAF、ICAM-1表达而起相似的保护作用;p38 MAPK信号转导通路可能参与了这一过程。     

基于高通量测序分析盐角草根部内生细菌多样性及动态规律

【目的】探讨盐角草根部内生细菌群落多样性特征,揭示内生细菌群落结构在宿主关键发育期动态变化规律。【方法】通过罗氏454高通量测序获得内生细菌16S r RNA片段,然后进行生物信息分析。【结果】共获得20363条16S r RNA基因序列。各样品中可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs)在552–941之间。根部内生细菌群落主要包括4个门,其中Proteobacteri门占主导地位,其余依次是Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes。在Proteobacteria门中,Gammaproteobacteria是第一大纲,其后是Betaproteobacteria纲。宿主5个发育时期共同拥有7个细菌属,包括Azomonas,Serratia,Pantoea,Serpens,Pseudomonas,Halomonas,Kushneria。整体上看,Gammaproteobacteria纲在宿主5个发育时期呈现增长趋势。优势菌属在5个发育期存在差异,分别为Delftia,Kushneria,Serratia,Pantoea,Erwinia。所有文库总共含2108个特异OTUs,共同拥有5个相同OTUs。花期OTUs数量最多,结种期内生细菌多样性降低。在宿主的5个发育时期中,土壤p H、月均温和土壤盐含量这3个环境因子组成的集合对其内生细菌群落变化具有显著影响。【结论】盐角草内生细菌群落多样性丰富,宿主发育期决定了内生细菌群落结构。     

HIF-1α acts downstream of TNF-α to inhibit vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein expression and modulates the adhesion and proliferation of breast cancer cells

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation-related cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis, but the mechanism of its involvement remains elusive. In this study, we employed MCF-7 breast cancer cells as an experimental model to demonstrate that TNF-α inhibits breast cancer cell adhesion and cell proliferation through hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) mediated suppression of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). We observed that TNF-α treatment attenuated the adhesion and proliferation of MCF-7 cells it also dramatically increased HIF-1α expression and decreased VASP expression. Through a variety of approaches, including promoter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we identified VASP as a direct target gene of HIF-1α. In addition, we confirmed that HIF-1α mediated the repression of VASP expression by TNF-α in MCF-7 cells. We also demonstrated that exogenous VASP expression or knockdown of HIF-1α relieved TNF-α induced inhibition of cell adhesion and proliferation. We identified a novel TNF-α/HIF-1α/VASP axis in which HIF-1α acts downstream of TNF-α to inhibit VASP expression and modulate the adhesion and proliferation of breast cancer cells. These data provide new insight into the potential anti-tumor effects of TNF-α.     

Ibuprofen Exerts Antiepileptic and Neuroprotective Effects in the Rat Model of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy via the COX-2/NLRP3/IL-18 Pathway

Neurochemical Research - Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that a variety of inflammatory mediators play a key role in the...     

Oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced pulmonary dysplasia in chick embryos

Inflammation or dysbacteriosis-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) adversely influence the embryonic development of respiratory system. However, the precise pathological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS exposure caused lung maldevelopment in chick embryos, including higher embryo mortality, increased thickness of alveolar gas exchange zone, and accumulation of PAS⁺ immature pulmonary cells, accompanied with reduced expression of alveolar epithelial cell markers and lamellar body count. Upon LPS exposure, pulmonary cell proliferation was significantly altered and cell apoptosis was inhibited as well, indicating a delayed progress of pulmonary development. LPS treatment also resulted in reduced CAV-1 expression and up-regulation of Collagen I, suggesting increased lung fibrosis, which was verified by Masson staining. Moreover, LPS induced enhanced Nrf2 expression in E18 lungs, and the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was confirmed in MLE-12 cells in vitro. Antioxidant vitamin C restored the LPS induced down-regulation of ABCA3, SP-C and GATA-6 in MLE-12 cells. Furthermore, LPS induced activation of NF-κB signaling in MLE-12 cells, and the LPS-induced decrease in SP-C expression was partially abrogated by blocking NF-κB signaling with Bay-11–7082. Bay-11–7082 also inhibited LPS-induced increases of ROS and Nrf2 expression. Taken together, we have demonstrated that oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced disruption of pulmonary cell development in chick embryos.     

Heat shock factor 2 is required for maintaining proteostasis against febrile-range thermal stress and polyglutamine aggregation

Heat shock response is characterized by the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which facilitate protein folding, and non-HSP proteins with diverse functions, including protein degradation, and is regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). HSF1 is a master regulator of HSP expression during heat shock in mammals, as is HSF3 in avians. HSF2 plays roles in development of the brain and reproductive organs. However, the fundamental roles of HSF2 in vertebrate cells have not been identified. Here we find that vertebrate HSF2 is activated during heat shock in the physiological range. HSF2 deficiency reduces threshold for chicken HSF3 or mouse HSF1 activation, resulting in increased HSP expression during mild heat shock. HSF2-null cells are more sensitive to sustained mild heat shock than wild-type cells, associated with the accumulation of ubiquitylated misfolded proteins. Furthermore, loss of HSF2 function increases the accumulation of aggregated polyglutamine protein and shortens the lifespan of R6/2 Huntington's disease mice, partly through αB-crystallin expression. These results identify HSF2 as a major regulator of proteostasis capacity against febrile-range thermal stress and suggest that HSF2 could be a promising therapeutic target for protein-misfolding diseases.     

藻酸盐三维细胞培养在骨组织工程中应用的研究进展

目的综述藻酸盐三维细胞培养系统在骨组织工程中的应用研究进展。方法广泛查阅近年来有关藻酸盐三维细胞培养系统在骨组织工程应用研究的文献进行综述。结果藻酸盐具有良好的生物相容性,无毒、对宿主无免疫原性和生物可降解等独特的物理、化学和生物特性,藻酸盐三维细胞培养系统仍然是迄今理想的骨组织工程支架材料之一。结论藻酸盐三维细胞培养系统不仅将广泛应用于生命科学基础研究,作为一种理想的组织移植的支架材料,有望逐步走向临床应用。     

凉水自然保护区松鼠的越冬行为策略

在2006 年冬季预观察的基础上,于2007 年10 月31 日至2008 年3 月25 日在40 hm2 范围内使用无线电颈圈和彩色塑料颈圈标记8 只松鼠。结合无线电追踪技术和雪地痕迹技术,采用目标取样法对凉水自然保护区冬季松鼠行为进行了连续21 周的定位观察,以研究松鼠行为节律、空间行为和重取行为对冬季低温条件的响应。结果表明,松鼠冬季的活动节律为单峰型,随着气温的下降显著延后出巢时间(Kendall τ test;n = 21,r =- 0.92,τ = - 0.86,P < 0. 0001), 缩短活动时长(Kendall τ test; n = 21,r =0.80,τ = 0.68,P <0.0001)。松鼠冬季家域近似椭圆形(面积2.46 ±0.09 hm² ), 未见个体间家域重叠。秋季松鼠将红松种子分散贮藏于整个家域范围内,但重取行为相对集中于几个主要区域(重取区)。依据巢和重取区的位置特征及其利用率可将家域划分为3 个部分:主区位于家域的中段,辅区靠近红松母树林,次辅区位于家域远离红松母树林一侧。贮藏的红松种子是松鼠冬季唯一的食物来源。在冬季的不同阶段,松鼠对不同重取区的利用率显著不同(初冬,Kruskal-
Wallis test;df = 2, x² = 5.65, P = 0.0594; 隆冬,Kruskal-Wallis test;df = 2,x² = 14.24, P = 0.0008; 晚冬,One-Way ANOVA Test,df = 2,18, F = 7.00,P = 0.0056), 位于主区(初冬利用率37.8 ± 7.7% ,隆冬利用率80.5 ±9.2% ,晚冬利用率40.5 ±2.7% )和辅区(初冬利用率41.8 ± 5.9% ,隆冬利用率14.8 ± 9.2% ,晚冬利用率37.8 ± 4.9% )的重取区是松鼠的主要重取区。随着时间推移空取率显著提高(Kruskal-Wallis test;df = 2,x² = 16.60,P = 0.0002)的现象提示松鼠很可能依靠空间记忆取回贮藏的食物。轮换利用多个巢(6 ± 1)有助于降低松鼠被天敌捕食的风险。这些巢都分布在重取区附近,巢的利用与重取区的利用显著相关(Kendall τ test;主区:n = 217,r = 0.79,τ = 0.6256,P = 0.0003;辅区:n = 171,r = 0.67,τ = 0.6186,P = 0.0006;次辅区:n = 88,r = 0.74,τ = 0.6565,P = 0.0006),松鼠通常取食后即直接进入就近的巢过夜,有助于松鼠减少
能量损耗。多域集中重取及相应的巢轮换策略是松鼠对冬季低温环境及天敌捕食压力的综合响应。