生物质热裂解生产生物燃料的研究进展

生物质能源是一种绿色的可以替代化石能源的一种可再生的能源。尽管高温分解生物质处于发展阶段,但在目前水平,高温裂解因其可以在氧存在下热分解将生物材料直接转化为固态,液态和气态能源产品而受到广泛关注。本文介绍了生物质的热裂解,包括慢速热裂解、快速热裂解、闪解、催化热裂解等过程,重点讨论了在各种生物质材料的热裂解过程中各种操作参数如温度和生物粒子大小等对生物燃料收率的影响。     

Macropinocytosis contributes to the macrophage foam cell formation in RAW264.7 cells

The key event in the atherosclerosis development is the lipids uptake by macrophage and the formation of foam cell in subendothelial arterial space. Besides the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein （LDL） by scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis, macrophages possess constitutive macropinocytosis, which is capable of taking up a large quantity of solute. Macrophage foam cell formation could be induced in RAW264.7 cells by increasing the serum concentration in the culture medium. Foam cell formation induced by serum could be blocked by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 or wortmannin, which inhibited macropinocytosis but not receptor-mediated endocytosis. Further analysis indicated that macropinocytosis took place at the gangliosides-enriched membrane area. Cholesterol depletion by β-methylcyclodextrin-blocked macropinocytosis without affecting scavenger receptormediated endocytosis of modified LDLs. These results suggested that macropinocytosis might be one of the important mechanisms for lipid uptake in macrophage. And it made significant contribution to the lipid accumulation and foam cell formation.     

High-resolution crystal structure reveals a HEPN domain at the C-terminal region of S. cerevisiae RNA endonuclease Swt1

Swt1 is an RNA endonuclease that plays an important role in quality control of nuclear messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) in eukaryotes; however, its structural details remain to be elucidated. Here, we report the crystal structure of the C-terminal (CT) domain of Swt1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which shares common characteristics of higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide binding (HEPN) domain superfamily. To study in detail the full-length protein structure, we analyzed the low-resolution architecture of Swt1 in solution using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method. Both the CT domain and middle domain exhibited a good fit upon superimposing onto the molecular envelope of Swt1. Our study provides the necessary structural information for detailed analysis of the functional role of Swt1, and its importance in the process of nuclear mRNP surveillance.     

Rab23 在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的:研究Rab23在皮肤鳞状细胞癌(SCC)中的表达及意义。方法:用免疫组化S-P法分别检测30例皮肤SCC、15例正常皮肤组织标本中Rab23的表达。结果:Rab23在皮肤SCC和正常皮肤中阳性率分别为90%和13.3%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Rab23在皮肤SCC中高表达可能在皮肤SCC的发生发展过程中发挥作用。     

黑龙江省一株红小豆锈病病原菌鉴定

【目的】为明确发生在黑龙江省大庆市红小豆田中的锈病病原物的分类地位。【方法】从大庆市采集红小豆锈病标样,采用单孢子堆分离法获得一株红小豆锈病菌纯培养物ZXL01。采用观测夏孢子芽孔数目、位置和冬孢子壁厚度等形态学特征结合ITS序列分析的方法,对其进行鉴定。【结果】ZXL01夏孢子发芽孔多为2个,位于孢子赤道部位较远之处,冬孢子壁厚度为2.9μm-3.3μm。在基于r DNA-ITS序列构建的系统发育树中,ZXL01菌株与两株豇豆单胞锈菌(Uromyces vignae)的参比菌株(Gen Bank登录号:AB115718和AB115731)在自举值99%相聚一群。用豇豆单胞锈菌的特异性引物UV-ITSF/R进行检测,ZXL01菌株可扩增出500 bp左右的特征片段。【结论】黑龙江省大庆市红小豆锈病病原菌ZXL01菌株为豇豆单胞锈菌,ZXL01菌株的Gen Bank登录号是KM461700。     

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析刘海玲,张丽珊,姚家彪,于殿臣,朱岩,可夫,姜萍（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＯｒｇａｎｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎＩｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄｓｅｗａｇｅＩｎＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇ．...     

Zinc Inhibits Hedgehog Autoprocessing: LINKING ZINC DEFICIENCY WITH HEDGEHOG ACTIVATION*

Zinc is an essential trace element with wide-ranging biological functions, whereas the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in both development and disease. Here we show that there is a mechanistic link between zinc and Hh signaling. The upstream activator of Hh signaling, the Hh ligand, originates from Hh autoprocessing, which converts the Hh precursor protein to the Hh ligand. In an in vitro Hh autoprocessing assay we show that zinc inhibits Hh autoprocessing with a K_i of 2 μm. We then demonstrate that zinc inhibits Hh autoprocessing in a cellular environment with experiments in primary rat astrocyte culture. Solution NMR reveals that zinc binds the active site residues of the Hh autoprocessing domain to inhibit autoprocessing, and isothermal titration calorimetry provided the thermodynamics of the binding. In normal physiology, zinc likely acts as a negative regulator of Hh autoprocessing and inhibits the generation of Hh ligand and Hh signaling. In many diseases, zinc deficiency and elevated level of Hh ligand co-exist, including prostate cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and autism. Our data suggest a causal relationship between zinc deficiency and the overproduction of Hh ligand.     

The Safety and Immunogenicity of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccination: A Study of Maternal-Cord Blood Pairs in Taiwan

Background

There are little data about adverse effects and immunogenicity of flu vaccine in Asian pregnant women.

Methods

This prospective trial ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01514708","term_id":"NCT01514708"}}NCT01514708) enrolled 46 pregnant women who received a single intramuscular dose of trivalent flu vaccine (AdimFlu-S®) containing 15 mcg of hemagglutinin for each strain/0.5 mL from influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B after the first trimester. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and 28 after vaccination, and at delivery. Cord blood was also collected. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were performed to determine seroprotection and seroconversion rates and fold increase in the HAI geometric mean titer (GMT).

Results

Twenty-eight days after vaccination the seroprotection rate against H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B was 91.3%, 84.8% and 56.5%, respectively. The GMT fold increase was 12.8, 8.4, and 4.6 for H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B, respectively. At delivery, both the seroprotection rate (86.4%, 68.2%, and 47.7%) and GMT fold increase (9.4, 5.7 and 3.8) were slightly lower than day 28. The seroprotection rate and GMT fold increase in maternal and cord blood samples were comparable. No significant adverse effects were detected.

Conclusions

Trivalent flu vaccine induces a strong immune response in pregnant women and their infants without adverse effects.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials. gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01514708","term_id":"NCT01514708"}}NCT01514708