Billingen (Lower Arenig/Lower Ordovician) acritarchs from the East European Platform and their palaeobiogeographic significance

Billingen (Lower Arenig/Lower Ordovician) sediments of the St. Petersburg region, northwest Russia and the Leba area, northern Poland of the East European Craton yield acritarch assemblages, which are largely homogenous though displaying minor compositional differences that probably reflect a gradient from inner to outer shelf environments. Comparison with coeval acritarch microflora from the Yangtze Platform, South China, shows an overall similarity between Baltoscandian and South Chinese phytoplankton. The widespread uniformity in the fossil microphytoplankton may be related to the extensive global 'evae' sea-level transgression, which characterized the Billingen time. This suggests that during the Tremadoc through early Arenig times, acritarch assemblages displayed essentially an undifferentiated cold-water and oceanic character along the whole margin of Perigondwana in the South, as well as on the South Chinese and Baltic platforms, at middle latitudes (Mediterranean oceanic Realm). Despite this overall similarity, however, some typical taxa of the high-latitude Mediterranean Province (Arbusculidium, Coryphidium and Striatotheca) occur in South China, but are absent in Baltica. This discrepancy is explained as caused by differences in climatic and physiographic conditions that prevailed at the two palaeocontinents at this time. The inferred pattern of oceanic circulation during the Lower Ordovician is consistent with the palynological evidence of a prevailing warmer climate in Baltica than in South China, although the two palaeocontinents occupied the same palaeolatitudinal position.     

Genetics of Soybean-Heterodera glycines Interactions

The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is one of the most economically important pathogens of soybean. Effective management of the nematode is often dependent on the planting of resistant soybean cultivars. During the past 40 years, more than 60 soybean genotypes and plant introductions (PI) have been reported as resistant to H. glycines. About 130 modern soybean cultivars registered in the United States are resistant to certain races of H. glycines. Several resistance genes have been identified and genetically mapped; however, resistance levels in many soybean cultivars are not durable. Some older cultivars are no longer resistant to certain H. glycines populations in many production areas, especially if a soybean monoculture has been practiced. Past soybean registration reports show that all resistant cultivars developed in public institutions from the mid-1960s to the present have been derived from five PIs. This narrow genetic background is fragile. To further complicate the issue, soybean-H. glycines genetic interactions are complex and poorly understood. Studies to identify soybean resistance genes sometimes have overlapped, and the same genes may have been reported several times and designated by different names. Nevertheless, many potential resistance genes in existing germplasm resources have not yet been characterized. Clearly, it is necessary to identify new resistance genes, develop more precise selection methods, and integrate these resistance genes into new cultivars. Rational deployment of resistant cultivars is critical to future sustained soybean production.     

喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区植物元素含量的区域分异和数量分析

对喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区87种植物21个元素含量及区域分异的研究表明,Ca、Cr、Cd、Fe、V含量比高等植物含量偏高,Ph、P的含量偏低。同种植物在不同地点元素含量有差异。盐柴荒漠植物中Na、K、Mg、P含量较高;高山草甸、冰缘植被植物Ba、Ca、Fe、V、Ti含量较高。各植被类型植物元素含量Na/K差异最大,Ca/Mg较小,Fe/Al差异最小。其变异系数分别为153.5、20.5和15.9.%     

Relaxation kinetics of Helix pomatia alpha-hemocyanin. Whole-half molecule reaction at pH 5.7 in 0.4 M NaCl.

Two independent relaxation kinetics methods were used to study samples of α-hemocyanin kindly furnished to us by members of the Biochemical Laboratory of the University of Groningen. A Durrum-Gibson stopped-flow apparatus was used to obtain concentration-jump data in the light-scattering mode. A recently developed pressurejump light-scattering apparatus was used to obtain completely independent data. The studies were made in 0.1 m acetate buffer at pH 5.7 containing 0.4 m NaCl, conditions under which equilibrium light-scattering studies had been reported by Engelborghs and Lontie (1973, J. Mol. Biol., 77, 577–587). In the companion paper (Kegeles, 1977, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 180, 530–536), a model is proposed, consisting of a system containing a mixture of reactive and unreactive whole molecules, from which data are derived for the formation constant of whole molecules from halves and the fraction of material which is capable of undergoing reaction. The present study uses this estimate of this fraction of reactive material to permit the evaluation of overall rate constants and equilibrium constants. When the estimate of 65% of reactive material derived without making nonideality corrections is applied to the kinetics data, very satisfactory agreement is obtained between the equilibrium constant acquired from equilibrium data and the equilibrium constants derived from the kinetics data.     

走马胎的组织培养与快速繁殖

以走马胎(Ardisia gigantifolia)幼嫩茎段为外植体, 通过腋芽增殖的方式进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明, 培养基MS+1.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L ^-1NAA和MS+0.5 mg·L ^-1 ZT均可用于腋芽的诱导和前期继代培养, 诱导率分别为89.3%和85.7%; 芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L ^-16-BA+0.1 mg·L ^-1ZT+0.1 mg·L ^-1NAA, 增殖系数为4.3倍; 根诱导最佳培养基为1/2MS+1.5 mg·L ^-1 IAA+1.0 mg·L ^-1 NAA, 生根率达92.3%, 且根系发达, 植株健壮; 生根苗在混合基质园土:泥炭:珍珠岩=3:1:1 (v/v/v )中移栽成活率为82%。该研究建立了走马胎种苗的组织培养快速繁殖技术体系, 且可应用于规模化生产。     

草鱼出血病病毒对其它鱼的感染性研究

用草鱼出血病病鱼分离出的草鱼出血病病毒(Grass carp hemorrhage virus,GCHV)感染其它常见鱼并用ELISA方法检查感染鱼组织提取液,结果表明:青鱼、鲢鱼、布氏鳌条对GCHV抗体呈阳性反应;鲤鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、团头鲂、泥鳅则呈阴性反应。综合感染鱼发病症状及死亡特征,初步认为:青鱼对GCHV是易感的,GCHV能在鲢鱼、布氏蟹条体内增值,但毒力较低,鳙鱼、鲫鱼、团头鲂、鲤鱼、泥鳅能抗GCHV感染。     

Regulation of excitation energy distribution in Photosystem-II fragments by magnesium ions

Fluorescence characteristics of Photosystem-II subchloroplasts (TSF-II and TSF-IIa) fractionated by Triton X-100 treatment were studied in relation to cation-induced regulation of excitation-energy distribution within subchloroplast fragments. Absorption spectra and fluorescence-emission spectra at 77 K showed that TSF-II contains the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex in addition to the reaction-center complex, which is present alone in TSF-IIa.Mg²⁺ increased the ratio of F_695nm to F_685nm in the fluorescence-emission spectrum of TSF-II particles at 77 K, but had no effect on TSF-IIa particles. Mg²⁺ also induced a quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence at room temperature in TSF-II, an effect that was insensitive to the presence of DCMU. The DCMU-insensitive fluorescence quenching was not observed in the TSF-IIa preparation. These results suggest an existence of cation-induced regulation of excitation-energy transfer in TSF-II preparations. Presence of antenna chlorophyll molecules alone does not seem to be sufficient for observing energytransfer regulation by cations in Photosystem-II preparations.     

松嫩平原不同生境蝴蝶群落多样性及其保护建议

随着气候变化加剧和人类活动影响,生物多样性变化及其保护逐渐受到广泛关注。蝴蝶作为开花植物的传粉媒介和生态环境监测及评价的关键指示者,其多样性变化能够在一定程度上反映生境状况,因此,有必要清晰认识不同生境中的蝴蝶多样性变化。为明确松嫩平原蝴蝶资源和不同生境的群落多样性差异,采用样线法于2016年5月-2018年8月对松嫩平原的割草草地、湿地、农田、放牧利用草地及恢复草地共五种生境类型进行调查研究。结果发现,调查共记录蝴蝶5108头,隶属于6科21属26种,其中牧女珍眼蝶（Coenonympha amaryllis）和红珠灰蝶（Plebejus argyrognomon）为优势种类,分别占蝴蝶个体总数的25.61%和31.66%,且在五种生境类型中均有分布。不同生境类型中,蝴蝶群落的物种丰富度指数和均匀度指数无明显差异,而恢复草地生境的蝴蝶群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较高,优势度指数较低。农田生境中的蝴蝶个体数量较少,且群落组成与其他四种生境之间均具有显著差异。五种生境类型中的蝴蝶数量和多样性均呈现一定的月动态和年动态变化趋势。除湿地和农田外,其余三种生境中蝴蝶物种和个体数量从5月到8月均持续升高。四种生境的蝴蝶物种数量、个体数量（除农田外）在2018年均出现明显下降趋势。物种丰富度指数等指标的月动态和年动态在不同生境类型间存在较大差异。这些结果表明,生境类型和人类活动与蝴蝶多样性变化关系密切,表现为单一生境中蝴蝶多样性较低,复杂生境有利于保护蝴蝶多样性。本研究有助于厘清松嫩平原蝴蝶资源的基础数据,并为该地区蝴蝶多样性保护和利用及评估该区域生态环境提供一定理论支撑。