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71.
The syndecan family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans is expressed on the surface of all adherent cells. Syndecans interact with a wide variety of molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, proteinases, adhesion receptors and extracellular matrix components, through their heparan sulfate chains. Recent studies indicate that these interactions not only regulate key events in development and homeostasis, but also key mechanisms of the host inflammatory response. This review will focus on the molecular and cellular aspects of how syndecans modulate tissue injury and inflammation, and how syndecans affect the outcome of inflammatory diseases in vivo. 相似文献
72.
Journal of Ethology - Males of the Japanese scorpionfly, Panorpa japonica, often perform male–male competitions for food to offer to females as a nuptial gift. Previous studies have suggested... 相似文献
73.
Journal of Ethology - Circadian rhythm is an important factor for long-distance movement in insect species. Previous studies have shown the relationship between movement and circadian rhythm,... 相似文献
74.
Kazutaka Sawada Tomoya Sato Hiroshi Hamajima Lahiru Niroshan Jayakody Miyo Hirata Mikako Yamashiro Marie Tajima Susumu Mitsutake Koji Nagao Keisuke Tsuge Fumiyoshi Abe Kentaro Hanada Hiroshi Kitagaki 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2015,81(11):3688-3698
In nature, different microorganisms create communities through their physiochemical and metabolic interactions. Many fermenting microbes, such as yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria, secrete acidic substances and grow faster at acidic pH values. However, on the surface of cereals, the pH is neutral to alkaline. Therefore, in order to grow on cereals, microbes must adapt to the alkaline environment at the initial stage of colonization; such adaptations are also crucial for industrial fermentation. Here, we show that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is incapable of synthesizing glucosylceramide (GlcCer), adapted to alkaline conditions after exposure to GlcCer from koji cereal cultured with Aspergillus kawachii. We also show that various species of GlcCer derived from different plants and fungi similarly conferred alkali tolerance to yeast. Although exogenous ceramide also enhanced the alkali tolerance of yeast, no discernible degradation of GlcCer to ceramide was observed in the yeast culture, suggesting that exogenous GlcCer itself exerted the activity. Exogenous GlcCer also increased ethanol tolerance and modified the flavor profile of the yeast cells by altering the membrane properties. These results indicate that GlcCer from A. kawachii modifies the physiology of the yeast S. cerevisiae and demonstrate a new mechanism for cooperation between microbes in food fermentation. 相似文献
75.
Early‐shared Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin sub‐strains induce Th1 cytokine production in vivo
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Keiichi Taniguchi Yuuji Miyatake Daisuke Hayashi Atsuro Takami Saotomo Itoh Saburo Yamamoto Shigeaki Hida Kikuo Onozaki Takemasa Takii 《Microbiology and immunology》2015,59(11):684-689
76.
77.
Bruchas MR Schindler AG Shankar H Messinger DI Miyatake M Land BB Lemos JC Hagan CE Neumaier JF Quintana A Palmiter RD Chavkin C 《Neuron》2011,71(3):498-511
Maladaptive responses to stress adversely affect human behavior, yet the signaling mechanisms underlying stress-responsive behaviors remain poorly understood. Using a conditional gene knockout approach, the α isoform of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was selectively inactivated by AAV1-Cre-recombinase infection in specific brain regions or by promoter-driven excision of p38α MAPK in serotonergic neurons (by Slc6a4-Cre or ePet1-Cre) or astrocytes (by Gfap-CreERT2). Social defeat stress produced social avoidance (a model of depression-like behaviors) and reinstatement of cocaine preference (a measure of addiction risk) in wild-type mice, but not in mice having p38α MAPK selectively deleted in serotonin-producing neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Stress-induced activation of p38α MAPK translocated the serotonin transporter to the plasma membrane and increased the rate of transmitter uptake at serotonergic nerve terminals. These findings suggest that stress initiates?a cascade of molecular and cellular events in which p38α MAPK induces a hyposerotonergic state underlying depression-like and drug-seeking behaviors. 相似文献
78.
Effects of struvite formation and nitratation promotion on nitrogenous emissions such as NH3, N2O and NO during swine manure composting 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
To reduce nitrogenous emissions from composting, two different countermeasures were applied simultaneously in swine manure composting. One was forming struvite by adding Mg and P at the start of composting, and the other was to promote nitratation (nitrite being oxidized nitrate) by adding nitrite-oxidizing bacteria after the thermophilic phase of composting. In the laboratory- and mid-scale composting experiments, 25-43% of NH3, 52-80% of N2O and 96-99% of NO emissions were reduced. From the nitrogen balance, it was revealed that the struvite formation reduced not only NH3, but also other nitrogenous emissions except N2O. The amount of total nitrogen losses was reduced by 60% by the two combined countermeasures, against 51% by the struvite formation alone. However, the nitratation promotion dissolved struvite crystals due to the pH decline, diminishing the effect of struvite as a slow-release fertilizer. 相似文献
79.
Prangsaengtong O Koizumi K Senda K Sakurai H Saiki I 《Lymphatic research and biology》2011,9(1):53-59
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have been reported to contribute to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. However, the functions of these proteins during lymphangiogenesis are unclear. In the present study, we first observed the cord formation pattern of human dermal microvascular lymphatic endothelial cells (HMVEC-dLy) on Matrigel over 2 to 8?h. The length of cord formation increased, peaked at 4?h, and then started to decline after 6 to 8?h of incubation. siRNA-targeted NOS3 significantly reduced the cord formation ability of HMVEC-dLy cells by 27% relative to control. This result confirmed the importance of eNOS in cord formation by human lymphatic endothelial cells. In addition, immunoprecipitation and Western blotting indicated that the interaction between eNOS and Hsp90 was maximal at 4?h, and then the proteins dissociated. This interaction correlated with the observation of cord formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells on Matrigel. Moreover, we found that the eNOS level decreased as the eNOS and Hsp90 complex disassociated during the late stage of cord formation. An Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-DMAG, was able to inhibit the eNOS and Hsp90 interaction, decrease the level of eNOS, and significantly inhibit cord formation to 38% of the level observed in the control. For the first time, we report that the interaction between eNOS and Hsp90 plays an important role in determining eNOS levels and in regulating cord formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. 相似文献
80.
Antimalarial activity of endoperoxide compound 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadec-4-yl)hexan-1-ol
Sato A Hiramoto A Morita M Matsumoto M Komich Y Nakase Y Tanigawa N Hiraoka O Hiramoto K Hayatsu H Higaki K Kawai S Masuyama A Nojima M Wataya Y Kim HS 《Parasitology international》2011,60(3):270-273
Plasmodium falciparum, the major causative parasite for the disease, has acquired resistance to most of the antimalarial drugs used today, presenting an immediate need for new antimalarial drugs. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadec-4-yl)hexan-1-ol (N-251) against P. falciparum and Plasmodium berghei parasites. The N-251 showed high antimalarial potencies both in the in vitro and the in vivo tests (EC50 2.3 × 10−8 M; ED50 15 mg/kg (per oral)). The potencies were similar to that of artemisinin in vitro and greater than artemisinin's activity in vivo (p.o.). In addition, N-251 has little toxicity: a single oral administration at 2000 mg/kg to a rat gave no health problems to it. Administration of N-251 to mice bearing 1% of parasitemia (per oral 68 mg/kg, 3 times a day for 3 consecutive days) resulted in a dramatic decrease in the parasitemia: all the 5 mice given N-251 were cured without any recurrence, with no diarrhea or weight loss occurring in the 60 days of experiment. N-251 deserves more extensive clinical evaluation, desirably including future trials in the human. 相似文献