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11.
12.
P. D. Chen H. Tsujimoto B. S. Gill 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(1):97-101
Diploid-like chromosome pairing in polyploid wheat is controlled by several Ph (pairing homoeologous) genes with major and minor effects. Homoeologous pairing occurs in either the absence of these genes or their inhibition by genes from other species (Ph
I genes). We transferred Ph
I genes from Triticum speltoides (syn Aegilops speltoides) to T. aestivum, and on the basis of further analysis it appears that two duplicate and independent Ph
I genes were transferred. Since Ph
I genes are epistatic to the Ph genes of wheat, homoeologous pairing between the wheat and alien chromosomes occurs in the F1 hybrids. Using the Ph
I gene stock, we could demonstrate homoeologous pairing between the wheat and Haynaldia villosa chromosomes. Since homoeologous pairing occurs in F1 hybrids and no cytogenetic manipulation is needed, the Ph
I gene stock may be a versatile tool for effecting rapid and efficient alien genetic transfers to wheat.Contribution no. 93-435-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA 相似文献
13.
A non-dialyzable extract of fresh spinach leaves exhibited a strong antioxidant activity towards oxidation of linoleic acid and suppressed the melanin formation of a mouse melanoma cell line, B16 melanoma 4A5, without any significant effect on the proliferation of cells. 相似文献
14.
Kazuki Sugawara Hidekazu Suzuki Mitsunobu Kamiya Keigo Osada Andrzej Witkowski 《Phycological Research》2023,71(4):182-192
The canal-bearing diatom genus Nagumoea, described based on only morphological evidence, was tentatively assigned to the order Bacillariales, although its phylogenetic position remained unclear. Because three isolates of Nagumoea (SK002, SK024 and SK053) were successfully established from Japanese coasts, we performed their morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses to discuss the phylogeny and taxonomic position of this genus. Strains SK002 and SK024 were identified as Nagumoea africana, whereas SK053 conformed with Nagumoea serrata. There was high interspecific divergence between N. africana and N. serrata in the rbcL sequences (8.03–8.17%), indicating their distinctness. Furthermore, intraspecific variations were detected within N. africana (2.35%) in the rbcL, implying its cryptic diversity. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees inferred from the plastid rbcL, psbC and nuclear 18S rDNA genes recovered Nagumoea as monophyletic with strong statistical support and embedded within an unresolved, poorly supported lineage containing Achnanthes, Craspedostauros, Staurotropis and Undatella in the canal-bearing order Bacillariales (= the family Bacillariaceae). Although the constrained tree based on the monophyly of Nagumoea and the other canal-bearing clade (Surirellales and Rhopalodiales) was statistically rejected by the topology tests, the phylogenetic position of Nagumoea with other Bacillarialean members remains equivocal. The possession of two plastids positioned fore and aft, observed in the present study, and lack of keel, typical of the Bacillariales, indicate the possibility of Nagumoea being part of the ingroup of the Bacillariales or its closely related outgroup. 相似文献
15.
Molecular cytological evidence for gradual telomere synthesis at the broken chromosome ends in wheat
Hisashi Tsujimoto 《Journal of plant research》1993,106(3):239-244
Telomere formation of the normal and broken chromosomes of common wheat,Triticum aestivum, was investigated byin situ hybridization using the biotin-labeled probe of telomere repetitive sequences (pAtT4) ofArabidopsis thaliana with subsequent amplification by an antibody. After double and triple amplification, prominent signals appeared at all the
telomeric regions of the normal chromosomes.
Prominent signals also emerged at the broken ends of the telocentric and deletion chromosomes that had passed through more
than one generation since the appearance. However, broken ends that had passed through only the stages of gametogenesis, fertilization,
embryogenesis and root development did not show complete signals such as found in normal telomeres. These findings indicate
that a certain time or stage is required for synthesis of the telomeric repetitive sequences with a complete length. Nevertheless,
because the broken ends without complete telomere sequences were also healed, restoration of the normal complement of telomere
sequences is not necessary for healing of broken ends. 相似文献
16.
Circular DNA Plasmid in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Alternaria Alternata: Its Temperature-Dependent Curing and Association with Pathogenicity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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We found the presence of plasmid DNA in strain T88-56 of the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata, which causes black spot of certain cultivars of Japanese pear by producing host-specific AK-toxin. The plasmid, designated pAAT56, was identified to be an ~5.4-kilobase (kb) circular molecule by electron microscopic observation and restriction endonuclease mapping. Southern blot analysis showed that pAAT56 DNA had no homology with either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA. Cultures of strain T88-56 grown at 26° showed markedly reduced plasmid levels relative to those grown at lower temperatures. The strain was completely cured of pAAT56 during growth at 29°. Temperature-dependent curing of pAAT56 was confirmed by using single-protoplast isolates from mycelia grown at 23°, most of which maintained the plasmid, and from mycelia grown at 29°, most of which had lost the plasmid. Northern blot analysis detected the presence of three RNA species (~1.7, 2.7 and 5.4 kb) transcribed from pAAT56. The biological function of pAAT56 was observed using single-protoplast isolates from mycelia that either contained or had been cured of pAAT56. The plasmid-containing isolates tended to be reduced in AK-toxin production and pathogenicity compared with the plasmid-cured isolates. 相似文献
17.
Kazuki Nakatani Shuichi Seki Norifumi Kawada Kenzo Kobayashi Kenji Kaneda 《Cell and tissue research》1995,283(1):159-165
Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is distributed in most nerve cells and some non-neural tissues. The present immunohistochemical study has revealed, for the first time, the expression of N-CAM in perisinusoidal stellate cells of the human liver. Liver specimens were stained with monoclonal antibody against human Leu19 (N-CAM) by a streptoavidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex method. Light- and electron-microscopic analyses have shown that N-CAM-positive nerve fibers are distributed in the periportal and intermediate zones of the liver lobule. Perisinusoidal stellate cells in these zones are also positive for N-CAM. N-CAM is expressed on the surface of the cell, including cytoplasmic projections. Close contact of N-CAM-positive nerve endings with N-CAM-positive stellate cells has been observed. On the other hand, stellate cells in the centrilobular zone exhibit weak or no reaction for N-CAM. Perivascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the portal area and myofibroblasts around the central veins are negative for N-CAM. The present results indicate that the perisinusoidal stellate cells in the periportal and intermediate zones of the liver lobule characteristically express N-CAM, unlike other related mesenchymal cells, and suggest that the intralobular heterogeneity of N-CAM expression by stellate cells is related to the different maturational stages of these cells. 相似文献
18.
Gametocidal genes in wheat and its relatives. IV. Functional relationships between six gametocidal genes. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H Tsujimoto 《Génome》1995,38(2):283-289
Gametocidal (Gc) genes in Aegilops species are known to cause gamete abortion and chromosome breakage when they are introduced into the wheat genetic background. Interactions of five Gc genes so far identified were investigated by analysis of wheat hybrids among lines carrying different gametocidal genes. As a result, the genes were classified into three functional groups. The first group includes two Gc genes of Ae. speltoides (Gc1a and Gc1b) and one gene (Gc-Sl3) on chromosome 2S1 of Ae. sharonensis. These genes were hypostatic to the genes (Gc-Sl1, Gc-Sl2) on chromosome 4S1 of Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis, which constitute the second group. In addition, plants carrying Gc genes of both the first and the second group produced progeny with higher frequencies of chromosome breakage than those found in the progeny of single gene carriers. It was concluded that there were specific interactions between these genes to enhance chromosome breakage. On the other hand, there was no interaction between the Gc gene (Gc-C) of Ae. triuncialis, the third group, and Gc genes belonging to the former two groups. These functional groups might be a reflection of the mechanisms by which Gc genes induce gamete abortion and chromosome breakage. Based on functional and local relationships, the symbols of the Gc genes were systematically redesignated. 相似文献
19.
20.
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase [Rbu(1,5)P2CO] from plant sources shows a biphasic reaction course when assayed with more than 2 mM ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate [Rbu(1,5)P2]. In the burst, Rbu(1,5)P2CO has its substrate-binding sites occupied with Rbu(1,5)P2 for the initial few minutes, then both substrate-binding and regulatory sites are occupied by Rbu(1,5)P2 in the subsequent linear phase, at physiological concentrations of Rbu(1,5)P2 [A. Yokota (1991) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 110, 246-252]. This study attempts the characterization of spinach Rbu(1,5)P2CO carrying Rbu(1,5)P2 at the regulatory sites and the interaction of Rbu(1,5)P2CO activase with Rbu(1,5)P2CO purified with poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 without denaturation. Binding of Rbu(1,5)P2 to the regulatory sites strongly influences the temperature dependence of the carboxylase activity of Rbu(1,5)P2CO. The activation energy of Rbu(1,5)P2CO with Rbu(1,5)P2 at the regulatory sites was 40% larger than that without Rbu(1,5)P2 over 30 degrees C, although the binding did not affect the activation energy below this temperature. This caused the almost linear reaction course of the carboxylase reaction at 50 degrees C. The optimum pH for the activity of Rbu(1,5)P2CO carrying Rbu(1,5)P2 at the sites was 8.0-8.2, and increased by about pH 0.2 from that of Rbu(1,5)P2CO without Rbu(1,5)P2. The ratio of the activity of the former form to that of the latter increased with increasing pH with an inflection point at pH 8.1. The increase in the ratio was accompanied by a decrease in the hysteric conformational change of Rbu(1,5)P2CO. The ATP-hydrolyzing activity inherent to Rbu(1,5)P2CO activase was stimulated about twofold by 3-5 mM Rbu(1,5)P2. Rbu(1,5)P2CO in the inactive complex with Rbu(1,5)P2 experienced hysteresis and bound Rbu(1,5)P2 at the regulatory sites during activation in the presence of Rbu(1,5)P2CO activase. Evidence was obtained that Rbu(1,5)P2CO activase promoted the activation of Rbu(1,5)P2CO through binding to the large subunits of Rbu(1,5)P2CO. 相似文献