全文获取类型
收费全文 | 336篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
345篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有345条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
41.
Bilińska B Wiszniewska B Kosiniak-Kamysz K Kotula-Balak M Gancarczyk M Hejmej A Sadowska J Marchlewicz M Kolasa A Wenda-Rózewicka L 《Reproductive biology》2006,6(Z1):43-58
The purpose of this article was to summarize our results on the role of androgens and estrogens in human, rodent and equine testes and epididymides, in both, physiological and patological conditions, obtained in the space of the Solicited Project (084/PO6/2002) financially supported by the State Committee for Scientific Research during the last three years. Testosterone produced by Leydig cells of the testes is clearly the major androgen in the circulation of men and adult males of most mammalian species. However, androgen metabolites make up a significant fraction of total circulating steroids. Moreover, androgen metabolism may proceed to amplify the action of testosterone through its conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or its aromatization to estradiol. The distribution of androgen and estrogen receptors (ARs and ERs) within male reproductive tissues is important because of their crucial role in mediating androgen and/or estrogen action. Attempts were undertaken to discuss not only the role of aromatase and ERs in mediating the action of estrogens in the male, but also the importance of DHT in hormonal regulation of the epididymis. In the latter, alterations caused by finasteride treatment and lead-induced oxidative stress are described. Male reproductive function of the testis and epididymis reflected by the alterations in enzymatic activity, distribution of steroid hormone receptors, differences in steroid hormone levels and altered gene expression of antioxidant enzymes are also discussed. 相似文献
42.
43.
Ciesielska E Szulawska A Studzian K Ochocki J Malinowska K Kik K Szmigiero L 《Journal of inorganic biochemistry》2006,100(10):1579-1585
In search for new platinum-based anticancer drugs, four cisplatin analogues, which contain pyrazole rings as non-leaving ligands, have been synthesized: cis-PtCl(2)(3,5-DM HMPz)(2), cis-PtCl(2)(Pz)(2), cis-PtCl(2)(ClMPz)(2), and cis-PtCl(2)(HMPz)(2), where Pz=pyrazole, H=hydroxyl, M=methyl. We tested their cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction ability, DNA damaging and modification properties comparing them in respect to the parent compound. The cytotoxic activity of these platinum pyrazole complexes toward the murine leukemia cell line was 2.9-3.8 times lower than actvity of cisplatin. The tested compounds varied in their mechanism of action by producing different DNA lesions. The most interesting compound seems to be the complex with chloromethyl groups at N1 of pyrazole rings, which exhibited the highest ability to form bifunctional adducts with DNA in vitro. 相似文献
44.
Light-induced production of superoxide (O2*-) in spinach PSII (photosystem II) membrane particles was studied using EPR spin-trapping spectroscopy. The presence of exogenous PQs (plastoquinones) with a different side-chain length (PQ-n, n isoprenoid units in the side-chain) enhanced O2*- production in the following order: PQ-1>PQ-2>PQ-9. In PSII membrane particles isolated from the tobacco cyt (cytochrome) b559 mutant which carries a single-point mutation in the beta-subunit and also has a decreased amount of the alpha-subunit, the effect of PQ-1 was less than in the wild-type. The increase in LP (low-potential) cyt b559 content, induced by the incubation of spinach PSII membrane particles at low pH, resulted in a significant increase in O2*- formation in the presence of PQ-1, whereas it had little effect on O2*- production in the absence of PQ-1. The enhancement of O2*- formation induced by PQ-1 was not abolished by DCMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea]. Under anaerobic conditions, dark oxidation of LP cyt b559 increased, as pH was decreased. The presence of molecular oxygen significantly enhanced dark oxidation of LP cyt b559. Based on these findings it is suggested that short-chain PQs stimulate O2*- production via a mechanism that involves electron transfer from Pheo- (pheophytin) to LP cyt b559 and subsequent auto-oxidation of LP cyt b559. 相似文献
45.
Lipocalins are a widely distributed group of proteins whose common feature is the presence of six-or eight-stranded beta-barrel in their tertiary structure and highly conservative motifs short conserved region, (SCR) in their amino acid sequences. The presence of three SCRs is typical for kernel lipocalins, while outlier lipocalins have only one or two such regions. Owing to their ability to bind and transport small, hydrophobic molecules, lipocalins participate in the distribution of such substances. However, the physiological significance of lipocalins is not limited to transfer processes. They play an important role in the regulation of immunological and developmental processes, and are also involved in the reactions of organisms to various stress factors and in the pathways of signal transduction. Of special interest is the enzymatic activity found in a few members of the lipocalin family, as well as the interaction with natural membranes, both directly with lipids and through membrane-localized protein receptors. 相似文献
46.
Acevedo-Aguilar FJ Espino-Saldaña AE Leon-Rodriguez IL Rivera-Cano ME Avila-Rodriguez M Wrobel K Wrobel K Lappe P Ulloa M Gutiérrez-Corona JF 《Canadian journal of microbiology》2006,52(9):809-815
Two chromate-resistant filamentous fungi, strains H13 and Ed8, were selected from seven independent fungal isolates indigenous to Cr(VI)-contaminated soil because of their ability to decrease hexavalent chromium levels in the growth medium. Morphophysiological studies identified strain H13 as a Penicillium sp. isolate and Ed8 as an Aspergillus sp. isolate. When incubated in minimal medium with glucose as a carbon source and in the presence of 50 microg/mL Cr(VI), these strains caused complete disappearance of Cr(VI) in the growth medium after about 72 h of incubation. Total chromium concentration in growth medium was constant during culture growth, and no accumulation of chromium in fungal biomass was observed. Quantitative determinations of oxidized and reduced chromium species during the reduction process revealed stoichiometric conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). A decrease in Cr(VI) levels from industrial wastes was also induced by Ed8 or H13 biomass. These results indicate that chromate-resistant filamentous fungi with Cr(VI)-reducing capability could be useful for the removal of Cr(VI) contamination. 相似文献
47.
Pogoda K Jaczewska J Wiltowska-Zuber J Klymenko O Zuber K Fornal M Lekka M 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》2012,41(1):79-87
Atomic force microscopy is a common technique used to determine the elastic properties of living cells. It furnishes the relative
Young’s modulus, which is typically determined for indentation depths within the range 300–500 nm. Here, we present the results
of depth-sensing analysis of the mechanical properties of living fibroblasts measured under physiological conditions. Distributions
of the Young’s moduli were obtained for all studied cells and for every cell. The results show that for small indentation
depths, histograms of the relative values of the Young’s modulus described the regions rich in the network of actin filaments.
For large indentation depths, the overall stiffness of a whole cell was obtained, which was accompanied by a decrease of the
modulus value. In conclusion, the results enable us to describe the non-homogeneity of the cell cytoskeleton, particularly,
its contribution linked to actin filaments located beneath the cell membrane. Preliminary results showing a potential application
to improve the detection of cancerous cells, have been presented for melanoma cell lines. 相似文献
48.
J Grzyb M Gagoś B Myśliwa-Kurdziel M Bojko WI Gruszecki A Waloszek K Strzałka 《Journal of biological physics》2012,38(3):415-428
This study deals with the influence of cadmium on the structure and function of ferredoxin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR), one of the key photosynthetic enzymes. We describe changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme upon the action of metal ions using circular dichroism measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorometry, both steady-state and time resolved. The decrease in FNR activity corresponds to a gentle unfolding of the protein, caused mostly by a nonspecific binding of metal ions to multiple sites all over the enzyme molecule. The final inhibition event is most probably related to a bond created between cadmium and cysteine in close proximity to the FNR active center. As a result, the flavin cofactor is released. The cadmium effect is compared to changes related to ionic strength and other ions known to interact with cysteine. The complete molecular mechanism of FNR inhibition by heavy metals is discussed.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10867-012-9262-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
49.
Myśliwa-Kurdziel B Jemioła-Rzemińska M Turek E Strzałka K Malec P 《Acta biochimica Polonica》2012,59(1):57-60
Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) accumulation and xantophyll composition were studied in 5-day old etiolated seedlings of three ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana: Columbia (Col-0), Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Wassiliewska (Ws). The total Pchlide level as measured by fluorescence spectroscopy varied significantly between ecotypes. A rapid HPLC method revealed quantitative differences in carotenoid composition. It was found that in the Ler ecotype any enhanced accumulation of Pchlide correlates with an increased level of lutein, suggesting the role of enzymes involved in lutein synthesis in cross-regulation between chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways. The function of the dark-accumulated carotenoid pool in seedling de-etiolation is discussed. 相似文献
50.
EPR spectroscopy using 5-doxylstearic acid (5-SASL) and 16-doxylstearic acid (16-SASL) spin probes was used to study the fluidity of thylakoid membranes. These were isolated from wild type Synechocystis and from several mutants in genes encoding selected enzymes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and/or acyl-lipid desaturases. Cyanobacteria were cultivated at 25°C and 35°C under different light regimes: photoautotrophically (PAG) and/or in light-activated heterotrophic conditions (LAHG). The relative fluidity of membranes was estimated from EPR spectra based on the empirical outermost splitting parameter in a temperature range from 15°C to 40°C. Our findings demonstrate that in native thylakoid membranes the elimination of xanthophylls decreased fluidity in the inner membrane region under optimal growth conditions (25°C) and increased it under sublethal heat stress (35°C). This indicated that the overall fluidity of native photosynthetic membranes in cyanobacteria may be influenced by the ratio of polar to non-polar carotenoid pools under different environmental conditions. 相似文献