甘蓝型油菜的遗传转化

甘蓝型油菜的各种外植体经遗传转化、组织培养后可以再生为转基因植株,但再生频率会因外植体的基因型、年龄、培养基添加成分和农杆菌共培养的不同而发生变化。转化方法包括农杆菌介导转化、基因枪法、花粉介导法、PEG介导法等,其应用前景非常广阔。甘蓝型油菜的遗传转化在其品质改良、抗逆性提高、雄性不育系的获得和一些特殊性状方面都取得了很大成就。简要介绍甘蓝型油菜的再生体系建立、转化方法及所取得的部分成就。     

The anatomy of Dolichocebus gaimanensis, a stem platyrrhine monkey from Argentina

Dolichocebus is known from the type skull encased in a concretion, numerous isolated teeth, parts of two mandibles, and a talus. The specimens come from the Trelew Member (early Miocene, Colhuehuapian South American Land Mammal Age) of the Sarmiento Formation near the village of Gaiman, Chubut Province, Argentina, dated to about 20Ma. We describe all Dolichocebus fossil material using conventional surface anatomy and micro-CT data from the cranium. The new material and newly imaged internal anatomy of the skull demonstrate that anatomical characters hitherto supposed to support a phyletic link between Dolichocebus and either callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and Callimico) or Saimiri (squirrel monkeys) are either indeterminate or absent. To more fully explore the phyletic position of Dolichocebus, we undertook a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. We examined 268 characters of the cranium and dentition of 16 living platyrrhine genera, some late Oligocene and early Miocene platyrrhines, Tarsius, some Eocene and Oligocene stem anthropoids, and several extant catarrhines. These analyses consistently indicate that Dolichocebus is a stem platyrrhine, as are late Oligocene Branisella and early Miocene Tremacebus, Soriacebus, and Carlocebus. Platyrrhine evolution often is conceived of as a single ancient adaptive radiation. Review of all available phyolgenetic data suggests a more layered evolutionary pattern, with several independent extinct clades filling modern platyrrhine niche space, and modern platyrrhine families and subfamilies appearing over a nine-million-year interval in the Miocene. The outcome of these analyses highlights the pervasiveness of homoplasy in dental and cranial characters. Homoplasy is a real evolutionary phenomenon that is present at all levels of biological analysis, from amino-acid sequences to aspects of adult bony morphology, behavior, and adaptation.     

非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白的研究进展

βγ-晶状体蛋白是主要分布于脊椎动物眼睛晶状体内的水溶性结构蛋白。非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白从微生物到高等哺乳动物都有过报道。微生物中发现的非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白主要作为环境胁迫应急蛋白,在恶劣环境中发挥对细菌的自我保护作用,如ProteinS。在哺乳动物中,非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白被推测能够参与胚胎的皮肤发育与分化调节,具有肿瘤抑制等重要的生理功能,如黑色素瘤缺失蛋白。但是,对于它们的生化特性、生理功能和作用机制知之甚少。本文从蛋白结构、基因起源和生物学功能等方面简要介绍目前非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白的相关研究进展。     

交配行为对雄性棕色田鼠雌激素及雌激素β受体在相关脑区的影响

应用行为观察、放射免疫分析和免疫组织化学相结合的方法,研究了雄性棕色田鼠在交配后血清中的雌二醇(E)、与交配行为有关的脑区E免疫阳性细胞数目(E-IRs)、雌激素β受体(ERβ)免疫阳性细胞数目(ERβ-IRs)的变化.将睾丸下降的成年雄性棕色出鼠分成3组:(1)对照组:嗅闻24h新鲜锯木.(2)暴露组:嗅闻24h动情期雌鼠底物.(3)交配组:与动情期雌鼠交配24h.放射免疫榆测血清中的E浓度,交配组比暴露组、对照组显著增高,暴露组和对照组无显著差异.通过免疫组化检测与性行为有关的脑区:弓状核(ARC)、终纹床核(BST)、隔外侧核(LS)、杏仁内侧核(ME)、内侧视前区(MPO)、下丘脑腹内侧核(VMH)E-IRs和ERβ-IRs,E-IRs在交配组比对照组和暴露组各区域都显著增多,暴露组比对照组在隔外侧核显著增多外,其他区域无显著差异.     

白唇竹叶青蛇毒5′-核苷酸酶的分离纯化及性质

DEAE-SephadexA-25、Sephadex-G-100和CM-SephadexC-50三步柱层析分离法,从白唇竹叶青（Trimeresurus albolabris）蛇毒中分离纯化出具有5′-核苷酸酶活性的组分。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为48.03 kDa,HPLC柱层析图谱为单一峰。该组分是一个糖蛋白,以一磷酸腺苷（AMP）为底物时,其酶活力为330.33 μg Pi/（min·mg）;而以二磷酸腺苷（ADP）为底物时,其酶活力为123.56 μg Pi/（min·mg）。金属离子Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺对5′-核苷酸酶活性有显著的抑制作用,EDTA可完全抑制其酶活性。该酶的最适pH为9,最适温度为50℃。该组分还具有抑制由ADP诱导的血小板聚集的生物功能。     

Assignment of MS-based metabolomic datasets via compound interaction pair mapping

Assignment of physical meaning to mass spectrometry (MS) data peaks is an important scientific challenge for metabolomics investigators. Improvements in instrumental mass accuracy reduce the number of spurious database matches, however, this alone is insufficient for accurate, unique high-throughput assignment. We present a method for clustering MS instrumental artifacts and a stochastic local search algorithm for the automated assignment of large, complex MS-based metabolomic datasets. Artifact peaks and their associated source peaks are grouped into “instrumental clusters.” Instrumental clusters, peaks grouped together by shared peak shape in the temporal domain, serve as a guide for the number of assignments necessary to completely explain a given dataset. We refine mass only assignments through the intersection of peak correlation pairs with a database of biochemically relevant interaction pairs. Further refinement is achieved through a stochastic local search optimization algorithm that selects individual assignments for each instrumental cluster. The algorithm works by choosing the peak assignment that maximally explains the connectivity of a given cluster. We demonstrate that this methodology provides a significant advantage over standard methods for the assignment of metabolites in a UPLC-MS diabetes dataset. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

转水稻粗缩病毒运动蛋白缺陷型基因玉米的二重PCR检测

以外源基因(RDV MP-)和玉米内源基因Zein作为PCR扩增对象,旨在建立一种简便有效的转基因玉米及其产品的二重PCR检测技术.转外源基因(RDV MP-)材料的常规PCR检测结果证明外源基因在转基因材料中可稳定遗传;对常规PCR检测的阴性结果材料进行二重PCR检测,扩增结果除进一步证实常规PCR检测的阴性结果结论外,还证明提取的植物总DNA质量符合试验要求,进而从二重PCR检测结果还得出常规PCR检测的阴性结果出错率为1.4%.此方法简单,实用,结果可靠,可适用于转基因植物及产品的检测.     

慢病毒导入型人白细胞介素10基因表达质粒的构建及其对CCI大鼠的镇痛作用

目的：构建含人白细胞介素10基因的慢病毒载体LV-hIL-10,观察鞘内注射LV—hIL-10对坐骨神经松结扎模型（chronic constriction injury,CCI）大鼠的镇痛作用。方法：应用PCR从pCYIL-10质粒上扩增hIL-10基因,把hIL-10基因亚克隆至pWPXL质粒上得到重组质粒pWPXL-hIL-10,将pWPXL-hIL-10与psPAX2、pMD2．G共转293T,收集上清浓缩后制备LV-hIL-10。同时将空质粒pWPXL-GFP与psPAX2、pMD2．G共转293T,收集上清浓缩后作实验对照。纯种健康清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠135只,随机分为9组：CCI疼痛模型4组（C0、C1、C2、C3）,假手术4组（S0、S1、S2、S3）和正常对照组（N组）。给药组在蛛网膜下腔分别注射LV-hIL-10（C1组、S1组）、LV-GFP（C2组、S2组）、生理盐水（C3组、S3组）,对照组C0组、S0组不做鞘内置管,不给药。各组在手术造模成功实施鞘内注射后观察LV-hIL-10组不同时间点痛阈的改变及脊髓、脑皮质、海马中的hIL-10mRNA和蛋白表达。结果：获得IL—10基因片段,成功重组pWPXL-hIL-10载体,经序列验证无误。质粒共转染293T细胞后,获得了高滴度（2×10^10）、高纯度的LV-hIL-10病毒颗粒。CCI大鼠鞘内注射LV-hIL-10后痛觉异常明显缓解,脊髓、脑皮质、海马中的IL-10表达上调,脊髓中IL-10表达上调最显著。结论：鞘内注射慢病毒感染导入型人IL-10表达质粒对CCI大鼠有明显镇痛效应。