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161.
Reinstatement of Grateloupia subpectinata (Rhodophyta, Halymeniaceae) based on morphology and rbcL sequences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Etienne Jean Faye Hong Wei Wang Shigeo Kawaguchi Satoshi Shimada Michio Masuda 《Phycological Research》2004,52(1):59-67
Morphological observations and molecular analyses of the north‐western Pacific species of the red algal genus Grateloupia (Halymeniaceae) indicate the presence of an entity, which is somewhat similar in gross morphology to G. asiatica Kawaguchi et Wang but is distinguished from the latter species by some morphological features. These include: (i) a somewhat fleshy texture; (ii) wider and much thicker (4.5–10 mm wide and up to 1300 μm thick) axes, of which an inner cortex consists of more (6–9) cells; (iii) generally longer (up to 17 cm), marginal and surface proliferations that are clearly constricted (terete) at bases; and (iv) much elongated, oblong auxiliary cells. Phylogenetic analysis using the ribulose‐l,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (rbcL) gene of G. asiatica and the alga in question shows them to be distantly related and strongly supports the differentiation of these two entities at the species level. Judging from the literature, this entity is actually Grateloupia subpectinata Holmes, which has been placed into synonymy under G. asiatica [as G. filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh] or G. prolongata J. Agardh in previous reports, and therefore the Holmes name is reinstated. 相似文献
162.
Local and chemical distribution of phlorotannins in brown algae 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Toshiyuki Shibata Shigeo Kawaguchi Yoichiro Hama Masanori Inagaki Kuniko Yamaguchi Takashi Nakamura 《Journal of applied phycology》2004,16(4):291-296
The local and chemical distribution of phlorotannins among the Japanese Laminariaceae, Eisenia bicyclis, Ecklonia cava and Ecklonia kurome, was investigated. As a result of light microscopy observations with vanillin-HCl staining, phlorotannins were found to be accumulated within the vegetative cells of the outer cortical layer of the thalli, regardless of the species, stage of growth or organ. Crude phlorotannins comprised about 3.0% of the algal powder for each of the algae. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the phlorotannins of E. bicyclis were composed of phloroglucinol (0.9%), phloroglucinol tetramer (4.4%), eckol (7.5%), phlorofucofuroeckol A (21.9%), dieckol (23.4%), and 8,8'-bieckol (24.6%), plus some other unknown phenolic compounds (17.3%). The composition of the phlorotannins differed little among the Laminariaceae, except for a significantly larger amount of the tetramer, MW 478, in E. bicyclis. 相似文献
163.
Crossing tests were made to determine the relationship between the identified Ulva pertusa, which commonly grows in Japan as an attached form on exposed rocks, and the floating Ulva forming "green tide" inside calm bays. The floating Ulva thalli were collected from five major green tide sites in Japan (Yokohama, Mikawa, Miyajima, Kochi and Hakata). Reproductive maturation was induced in U. pertusa and the floating thalli from each site. Mating between induced gametes was observed. It is therefore believed that the floating thalli from Yokohama, Mikawa and Miyajima were mainly U. pertusa, while those from Kochi and Hakata were of a different species (Ulva sp.1). Furthermore, the Ulva species found in Mikawa is also a species (Ulva sp.2) different from both U. pertusa and Ulva sp.1. 相似文献
164.
Kumemura H Harada M Yanagimoto C Koga H Kawaguchi T Hanada S Taniguchi E Ueno T Sata M 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,367(1):33-40
Microtubules (MTs) and microfilaments (MFs) are known to modulate mitochondrial morphology, distribution and function. However, little is known evidence about the role of intermediate filaments (IFs) in modulating mitochondria except desmin. To investigate whether or not the IFs regulate mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and function, we manipulated the IFs of cultured epithelial cells to express a mutant keratin 18 (K18). In contrast to the filamentous expression of wild K18, mutant K18 induced aggregation of K8/18, showing no fine IF network in the cells. In mutant K18-transfected cells, the mitochondria were fragmented into small spheroids, although they were observed as mitochondrial fibers in un-transfected or wild K18-transfected cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of fluorescence-labeled mitochondria was markedly less in the mutant K18-transfected cells, although a significant recovery was confirmed in wild K18-transfected cells. These findings suggest that the IFs are important for the maintenance of normal mitochondrial structures. 相似文献
165.
S. N. Raina Y. Mukai K. Kawaguchi S. Goel A. Jain 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,103(6-7):839-845
The most-important vetch species, Vicia narbonensis (narbon vetch, section Faba), Vicia villosa (hairy vetch, section Cracca) and Vicia sativa (common vetch, section Vicia) and their close relatives (often difficult to circumscribe into distinct taxa) constitute respectively, Narbonensis, Villosa
and Sativa species complexes in the genus Vicia. The distribution of the 18S-5.8S-26S (18S-26S) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene families on the chromosomes of 19 (2n=2x=10,12,14) of the 24 species and subspecies belonging to the three species complexes, and Vicia bithynica (2n=12, section Faba) and Vicia hybrida (2n=12, section Hypechusa) was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with pTa 71 (18S-26S rDNA) and pTa 794 (5S rDNA) DNA clones. Computer
– aided chromosome analysis was performed on the basis of chromosome length, the arm-length ratio and the position of the
hybridization signals. The positions of the four (2+2) signals of the two rRNA gene families were similar between each of
the three, as well as two subspecies of V. narbonensis and Vicia johannis, respectively. Two major 18S-26S rDNA loci were found in the nucleolus organiser regions (NORs) of each of the species except
V. hybrida, where it was present in two out of four SAT chromosomes. In addition to major NORs, two minor loci have been physically
mapped at the centromeric regions of chromosomes of group 1 in Vicia amphicarpa, Vicia macrocarpa and V. sativa, and two NORs of group 5 in V. hybrida, and on the long arms of group 4 in V. bithynica. Two or four 5S rDNA loci, observed in the short arms of groups 2–4 and 5, and 18S-26S rDNA loci were located in different
chromosomes of all the species within the Narbonensis and Villosa species complexes, and Vicia angustifolia of the Sativa species complex. In the remaining six species of the Sativa species complex, and V. bithynica and V. hybrida, the two or four 5S rDNA sites were present in chromosomes which harbor 18S-26S rRNA genes. The tandemly repeated 5S rDNA
sites, located at the proximal part of the long arm of groups 3–5, were diagnostic for V. angustifolia, Vicia cordata, Vicia incisa, V. macrocarpa, Vicia nigra and V. sativa of the Sativa species complex. In V. amphicarpa of the same complex, the tandem repeats were located at the distal part of the long arms of group 3. Variability in the number,
size and location of two ribosomal DNA probes could generally distinguish species within the Narbonensis and Sativa species
complex, V. bithynica and V. hybrida. With respect to the four species of the Villosa species complex the karyotypes could not be identified individually on the
basis of the distribution of two ribosomal gene families in three out of seven pairs of chromosomes.
Received: 18 October 2000 / Accepted: 20 March 2001 相似文献
166.
Construction of a genetic linkage map of the model legume Lotus japonicus using an intraspecific F2 population. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M Hayashi A Miyahara S Sato T Kato M Yoshikawa M Taketa M Hayashi A Pedrosa R Onda H Imaizumi-Anraku A Bachmair N Sandal J Stougaard Y Murooka S Tabata S Kawasaki M Kawaguchi K Harada 《DNA research》2001,8(6):301-310
Among leguminous plants, the model legume Lotus japonicus (Regel) Larsen has many biological and genetic advantages. We have developed a genetic linkage map of L. japonicus based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat polymorphism (SSRP) and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS). The F2 mapping population used was derived from a cross between two L. japonicus accessions Gifu B-129 and Miyakojima MG-20. These parental accessions showed remarkable cytological differences, particularly with respect to size and morphology of chromosomes 1 and 2. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with BAC clones from Gifu B-129 and TAC (Transformation-competent Artificial Chromosome) clones from Miyakojima MG-20, a reciprocal translocation was found to be responsible for the cytological differences between chromosomes 1 and 2. The borders of the translocations were identified by FISH and by alignment toward the L. filicaulis x L. japonicus Gifu B-129 linkage map. The markers from the main translocated region were located on linkage groups 1 and 2 of the two accessions, Gifu B-129 and Miyakojima MG-20, respectively. The framework of the linkage map was constructed based on codominant markers, and then dominant markers were integrated separately in each linkage group of the parents. The resulting linkage groups correspond to the six pairs of chromosomes of L. japonicus and consist of 287 markers with 487.3 cM length in Gifu B-129 and 277 markers with 481.6 cM length in Miyakojima MG-20. The map and marker information is available through the World Wide Web at http://www.kazusa.or.jp/lotus/. 相似文献
167.
For the first step toward resolution of the higher-level relationships of the order Aulopiformes (Teleostei: Eurypterygii)
using longer DNA sequences, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence for Aulopus japonicus (Aulopodidae). The entire genome was purified by gene amplification using a long PCR technique, and the products were subsequently
used as templates for PCR with 63 fish-versatile and 3 species-specific primers that amplify contiguous, overlapping segments
of the entire genome. Direct sequencing of the PCR products demonstrated that the genome (16 653 base pairs [bp]) contained
the same 37 mitochondrial genes (2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes) as found in other vertebrates,
with the gene order identical to that in typical vertebrates. Maximum-parsimony analysis using nucleotide sequences from the
concatenated 12 protein-coding genes (no third codon positions and excluding the ND6 gene) plus 22 tRNA genes (stem regions
only) from eight teleosts placed A. japonicus in a reasonable phylogenetic position; those from individual protein-coding genes and the concatenated 22 tRNA genes alone,
however, did not reproduce the expected phylogeny with few exceptions, probably owing to insufficient phylogenetic information
in these smaller data sets. This result suggests that further taxonomic sampling and sequencing efforts may clarify limits
and intra- and interrelationships of this morphologically and ecologically diverse group of fishes using mitochondrial genomic
(mitogenomic) data.
Received: August 31, 2000 / Revised: December 20, 2000 / Accepted: January 23, 2001 相似文献
168.
Growth of larval and juvenile Diaphus theta (Pisces: Myctophidae) in the transitional waters of the western North Pacific 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Diaphus theta is one of the most common myctophid fish species in the subarctic and transitional waters of the North Pacific. The growth
of larval and juvenile D. theta was investigated using sagittal otolith increment analysis of specimens caught in transitional waters of the western North
Pacific. Samples taken over a 24-h period demonstrated that otoliths exhibited daily growth cycles, allowing accurate determination
of age. Calcification of the incremental zone of otoliths took place only at night, suggesting that the formation cycle of
the increment of juvenile D. theta was different from that of shallow-water fishes and would be related to their diel vertical migration. The relationships
between standard length (SL) and daily growth increment (D) were expressed as linear equations: SL = 2.65 + 0.141D (r
2 = 0.942) for larvae of 5.1–9.6 mm SL and SL = 3.54 + 0.129D (r
2 = 0.933) for juveniles of 13.7–27.6 mm SL. The growth rates were 0.14 mm d−1 in larvae and 0.13 mm d−1 in juveniles; this is slow compared with tropical or subtropical mycto-phid species, in which growth occurs at about twice
these rates. The larval period, including the metamorphic stage, was long compared with species at lower latitudes and was
estimated to be 71 days. The slow growth rate and long period of larval stage of D. theta would be the life history pattern of high-latitudinal species adapted to a low-temperature habitat.
Received: March 23, 2001 / Revised: July 5, 2001 / Accepted: July 19, 2001 相似文献
169.
Reduced sensitivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice to chronic colitis. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
R Hokari S Kato K Matsuzaki M Kuroki A Iwai A Kawaguchi S Nagao T Miyahara K Itoh E Sekizuka H Nagata H Ishii S Miura 《Free radical biology & medicine》2001,31(2):153-163
BACKGROUND: Overproduction of nitric oxide by the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in colitis. Different authors have postulated both toxic and protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of active inflammation. The objective of this study was to examine the role of iNOS in experimental chronic colitis using iNOS-deficient mice. METHODS: For induction of colitis, mice received three cycles of 2% of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (M.W. 40,000) treatment in drinking water. The degree of colonic inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules were determined. INOS expression and nitrotyrosine were also determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After DSS treatment, a moderate colitis with marked cell infiltration was observed. Intense expression of iNOS was observed on infiltrating cells as well as on the colonic mucosal epithelium in these animals. In the iNOS-deficient mice, tissue damage was significantly diminished. No iNOS or nitrotyrosine staining was found in iNOS-deficient mice. The number of infiltrating cells and the expression of mucosal adressin cell adhesion molecule-1 were significantly attenuated in the DSS-treated colon of iNOS-deficient mice. CONCLUSION: Induction of iNOS seems to act as a critical toxic effector molecule in the pathogenesis of chronic colonic inflammation. 相似文献
170.