反相高效液相色谱法测定升麻药材中升麻苷H-1的含量

建立升麻药材中升麻苷H-1含量测定的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。使用H&E XP ODS-A色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm5,μm),流动相为乙腈-水-磷酸(35∶65∶0.4),流速为1 mL/min,柱温为26℃,检测波长203nm。测得升麻苷H-1线性范围为0.95～28.5μg/mL(r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=6)为99.35%(RSD=2.79%),不同来源批次升麻药材含量测定结果表明,升麻药材中升麻苷H-1含量为0.53%～1.09%,综合分析批样品含量测定结果,建议升麻药材中含升麻苷H-1应不低于0.4%。本方法简便、准确、重复性好、专属性强,可作为升麻药材质量控制方法。     

Bed rest attenuates sympathetic and pressor responses to isometric exercise in antigravity leg muscles in humans

Although spaceflight and bed rest are known to cause muscular atrophy in the antigravity muscles of the legs, the changes in sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to exercises using the atrophied muscles remain unknown. We hypothesized that bed rest would augment sympathetic responses to isometric exercise using antigravity leg muscles in humans. Ten healthy male volunteers were subjected to 14-day 6 degrees head-down bed rest. Before and after bed rest, they performed isometric exercises using leg (plantar flexion) and forearm (handgrip) muscles, followed by 2-min postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) that continues to stimulate the muscle metaboreflex. These exercises were sustained to fatigue. We measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in the contralateral resting leg by microneurography. In both pre- and post-bed-rest exercise tests, exercise intensities were set at 30 and 70% of the maximum voluntary force measured before bed rest. Bed rest attenuated the increase in MSNA in response to fatiguing plantar flexion by approximately 70% at both exercise intensities (both P < 0.05 vs. before bed rest) and reduced the maximal voluntary force of plantar flexion by 15%. In contrast, bed rest did not alter the increase in MSNA response to fatiguing handgrip and had no effects on the maximal voluntary force of handgrip. Although PEMI sustained MSNA activation before bed rest in all trials, bed rest entirely eliminated the PEMI-induced increase in MSNA in leg exercises but partially attenuated it in forearm exercises. These results do not support our hypothesis but indicate that bed rest causes a reduction in isometric exercise-induced sympathetic activation in (probably atrophied) antigravity leg muscles.     

优化萝卜基因组DNA RAPD-PCR反应体系的正交设计法

以CTAB微量提取方法提取10个红萝卜雄性不育系A单株的基因组DNA,等浓度混合成基因池。以其为模板,用正交设计方法论定RAPD-PCR反应体系的各影响因子,用随机引物S42（5’GGACCCAACC3’）优化萝卜雄性不育系A基因组DNARAPD,PCR反应体系,16次试验即可获得最佳的RAPD-PCR反应体系。     

幼虫密度和温度对水芹叶象甲未成熟阶段生长发育的影响

[目的]为明确不同幼虫密度和不同温度条件对水芹叶象甲Hypera sp.未成熟阶段生长发育的影响.[方法]在室内条件下对不同幼虫饲养密度和不同温度条件饲养的水芹叶象甲未成熟阶段(卵、幼虫、预蛹和蛹)的存活和生长发育进行研究.[结果]幼虫密度对水芹叶象甲幼虫、预蛹和蛹的存活和生长发育均具有显著影响.水芹叶象甲幼虫、预蛹和蛹在50头/盒的密度条件下的存活率均显著高于其它密度条件,且发育历期显著短于其它密度条件.此外,各密度条件下的雌蛹重均显著重于雄蛹重,但性比(♀/♂)不受密度条件的影响.温度条件对水芹叶象甲卵、幼虫、预蛹和蛹的存活和生长发育亦均具有显著影响.27℃条件下的幼虫和蛹的存活率均显著高于其它温度条件,1龄幼虫在30℃条件下的存活率显著高于其它温度条件,而3龄幼虫在27℃条件下的存活率显著高于其它温度条件,但温度条件对2龄幼虫的存活率无显著影响.水芹叶象甲各龄期幼虫及各虫态的发育历期随着温度升高而显著缩短.[结论]幼虫饲养密度和温度是影响水芹叶象甲种群变化的重要因子,这将为分析水芹叶象甲种群动态变化规律,以 及提高该虫的预测预报和综合防控水平提供依据.     

龙珠果茎段离体培养和组培苗耐盐性分析

为建立龙珠果(Passiflora foetida)的快繁再生体系,以实生苗茎段为外植体,研究了植物生长调节剂对丛生芽诱导、壮苗生根的影响,同时对组培苗的耐盐性进行研究.结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L培养基有利于诱导丛生芽并促进芽的生长;MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA ...     

乙型肝炎病毒逆转录酶区基因序列准种与变异特点

乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)P基因编码产物从功能上分为末端蛋白(1～178aa)、间隔区(179～336aa)、逆转录酶区(337～682aa)和RNA酶H区(683～816aa),各区有相应的生物学功能;逆转录酶区包含S基因主蛋白编码区.近年来的研究提出HBV感染者体内存在有准种[1,2]的假说.我们以逆转录酶区序列为研究靶区域,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术扩增慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中的靶基因序列,随机选择克隆测序,比较其结果,证明了HBV准种特点的存在,并发现多种基因突变形式.     

认知负荷对色词Stroop干扰效应的影响

目的:依据负荷理论,认知负荷会导致选择性注意任务中干扰刺激干扰效应的增加.本研究目的在于检验两种类型的认知负荷对色词Stroop干扰效应的影响.方法:实验一通过比较色词Stroop任务与言语工作记忆任务同时进行的双任务区组(高负荷条件)与单任务区组(低负荷条件)来检验认知负荷对构成Stroop干扰效应的语义冲突及反应冲突产生的影响.实验二则通过比较色词Stroop任务与言语工作记忆任务相协调的双任务区组(高负荷条件)与单任务区组(低负荷条件)来操纵认知负荷.结果:实验一的结果显示工作记忆负荷变化对语义冲突及反应冲突均不产生影响.实验二发现虽然在反应时指标上认知负荷与一致性之间未产生显著交互作用,但在错误率指标上两者交互作用达到显著,说明在高认知负荷条件下反应冲突显著增加了.结论:认知负荷对选择性注意任务中干扰刺激干扰效应的影响取决于认知负荷类型及冲突所发生的水平.     

Defect in cell wall integrity of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae caused by a mutation of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene VIG9

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae VIG9 gene encodes GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, which synthesizes GDP-mannose from GTP and mannose-1-phosphate. Although the null mutant was lethal, the vig9 mutants so far obtained showed no growth defect but immature protein glycosylation and drug hypersensitivity. During our search for cell-wall mutants, we found a novel temperature-sensitive mutant, JS30, which required an osmotic stabilizer for viability. JS30 excreted cell surface proteins in the medium without any indication of cell lysis. Although conventional genetic analysis using mating was impossible, by detailed characterization of JS30 including an in vitro enzyme assay and nucleotide sequencing, we found the defect of JS30 was due to a mutation in the VIG9 gene. These results indicated a critical role of GDP-mannose in maintenance of cell-wall integrity.     

芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉的制备及稳定性研究

目的:利用喷雾干燥工艺制备芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉,并研究菌粉的活性及稳定性。方法:以脱脂乳、海藻糖、β-环糊精和谷氨酸钠为保护剂,采用喷雾干燥(条件为:进口温度100℃,出口温度50～60℃,进样速度2～4mL/min)制备芽孢杆菌菌粉,以喷干存活率和菌粉活菌数为指标,选择最佳制备条件。结果:获得喷干保护剂配方为脱脂乳10.0%、海藻糖6.0%、β-环糊精13.0%、谷氨酸钠15.0%,喷干存活率为65.9%,菌粉活菌数为1.38×109CFU/g,存放180 d后菌粉活菌数为1.03×10~9CFU/g。结论:喷雾干燥工艺可以用于芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉的制备,获得的菌粉稳定性较好。