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741.
Effect of cytokine-encoding plasmid delivery on immune response to Japanese encephalitis virus DNA vaccine in mice 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We have previously shown that immunization of mice with plasmid pMEa synthesizing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope protein induced anti-JEV humoral and cellular immune responses. We now show that intra-muscular co-administration of mice with pMEa and pGM-CSF, encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or pIL-2, encoding murine interleukin-2 given 4 days after pMEa, augmented anti-JEV antibody titers. This did not enhance the level of protection in immunized mice against JEV. However, intra-dermal co-administration of pMEa and pGM-CSF in mice using the gene gun, enhanced anti-JEV antibody titers resulting in an increased level of protection in mice against lethal JEV challenge. 相似文献
742.
Bijay Shankar Jaiswal Kaushik Das Sudipta Saha Sandhya Rekha Dungdung Gopal C. Majumder 《Journal of cellular physiology》2010,222(1):254-263
Numerous reports have appeared on the occurrence of undefined protein factors in male reproductive fluids that promote motility of mature sperm and initiate forward motility in the immature (immotile) caput‐epididymal sperm. This study reports for the first time purification to apparent homogeneity of a motility initiating protein (MIP) from epididymal plasma and its characterization using the caprine sperm model. It is a 125 kDa (approximately) dimeric protein made up of two subunits: 70 and 54 kDa. MIP is an acidic protein with an isoelectric point of 4.75. The motility protein at 30 µg/ml (240 nM) level showed nearly maximal motility‐promoting activity. MIP is heat stable and it is maximally active at pH 8. It is a glycoprotein that binds with high affinity to concanavalin A and it contains mannose, galactose, and N‐acetyl glucosamine approximately in the ratios of 6:1:6. It is sensitive to the actions of α‐mannosidase and β‐N‐acetylglucoseaminidase thereby demonstrating that the sugar side chain of the glycoprotein is essential for its biological activity. Epididymal plasma is its richest source. It is also capable of enhancing forward motility of mature cauda‐sperm. Its antibody markedly inhibits sperm motility. MIP antibody is highly immunospecific and it recognizes both the subunits. MIP causes significant increase of the intrasperm level of cyclic AMP. MIP: the physiological motility‐activating protein has potential for use as a contraceptive vaccine and for solving some of the problems of human infertility and animal breeding. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:254–263, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
743.
Kaushik Kumar Majumdar 《Cognitive neurodynamics》2007,1(4):295-303
Brain is an expert in producing the same output from a particular set of inputs, even from a very noisy environment. In this
article a model of neural circuit in the brain has been proposed which is composed of cyclic sub-circuits. A big loop has
been defined to be consisting of a feed forward path from the sensory neurons to the highest processing area of the brain
and feed back paths from that region back up to close to the same sensory neurons. It has been mathematically shown how some
smaller cycles can amplify signal. A big loop processes information by contrast and amplify principle. How a pair of presynaptic
and postsynaptic neurons can be identified by an exact synchronization detection method has also been mentioned. It has been
assumed that the spike train coming out of a firing neuron encodes all the information produced by it as output. It is possible
to extract this information over a period of time by Fourier transforms. The Fourier coefficients arranged in a vector form
will uniquely represent the neural spike train over a period of time. The information emanating out of all the neurons in
a given neural circuit over a period of time can be represented by a collection of points in a multidimensional vector space.
This cluster of points represents the functional or behavioral form of the neural circuit. It has been proposed that a particular
cluster of vectors as the representation of a new behavior is chosen by the brain interactively with respect to the memory
stored in that circuit and the amount of emotion involved. It has been proposed that in this situation a Coulomb force like
expression governs the dynamics of functioning of the circuit and stability of the system is reached at the minimum of all
the minima of a potential function derived from the force like expression. The calculations have been done with respect to
a pseudometric defined in a multidimensional vector space. 相似文献
744.
We describe a novel, PCR-based technique termed REVEAL-PCR for examining the inheritance of intracisternal A-type particles (IAP). Amplifications use an unlabeled primer to SINE repeats and a radiolabeled primer to the IAP long terminal repeat; labeled products, which can be resolved on sequencing gels, are formed when IAPs lie in proximity to SINEs. With this technique we have identified a total of 124 polymorphisms in the BXH and CXS recombinant inbred strains. We suggest that this method will be equally applicable for examining other gene families present at around a thousand copies per genome. 相似文献
745.
S J Kaushik P Luquet 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1979,64(2):175-180
1. Groups of rainbow trout were given one or other of two diets that differed in amino acid profile for two months; concentrations of free amino acids in whole blood and latero-dorsal muscle were then measured. The effects of temperature (12 and 18 degrees C in freshwater) and salinity on the concentrations of free amino acids in these tissues were also observed. 2. Although both diets apparently met the essential amino acid requirements of the trout and were isoenergetic, they nevertheless had different nutritional values for trout. 3. Patterns of free amino acids in tissues of trout given the two diets were different. Blood and muscle amino acid fractions were affected differently by changes in dietary amino acids. 相似文献
746.
747.
Binu Mani Tripathi Priyanka Kumari Kela P. Weber Anil Kumar Saxena Dilip Kumar Arora Rajeev Kaushik 《Indian journal of microbiology》2014,54(1):65-73
Microbial communities play a vital role in maintaining soil health. A multiphasic approach to assess the effect of pulp and paper mill effluent on both the structure and function of microbial soil communities is taken. Bacterial communities from agricultural soils irrigated with pulp and paper mill effluent were compared to communities form soils irrigated with well water. Samples were taken from fields in the state of Uttarakhand, India, where pulp and paper mill effluent has been used for irrigation for over 25 years. Comparisons of bacterial community structure were conducted using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from both isolates and clone libraries attained from the soil. Community-level physiological profiling was used to characterize the functional diversity and catabolic profile of the bacterial communities. The multiphasic approach using both physiological and molecular techniques proved to be a powerful tool in evaluating the soil bacterial community population and population differences therein. A significant and consistent difference in the population structure and function was found for the bacterial communities from soil irrigated with effluent in comparison to fields irrigated with well water. The diversity index parameters indicated that the microbial community in pulp and paper mill effluent irrigated fields were more diverse in both structure and function. This suggests that the pulp and paper mill effluent is not having a negative effect on the soil microbial community, but in fact may have a positive influence. In terms of soil health, this finding supports the continued use of pulp and paper mill effluent for irrigation. This is however only one aspect of soil health which was evaluated. Further studies on soil resistance and robustness could be undertaken to holistically evaluate soil health in this situation. 相似文献
748.
Preeti Bhatnagar Abdul Arif Khan Manisha Jain Shuchi Kaushik Sudhir K. Jain 《Indian journal of microbiology》2007,47(3):263-266
Present study was conducted to analyze bacterial contaminants /pathogens in Khoa samples sold in Chambal region of Madhya
Pradesh. Total Fifty samples of Khoa were brought from different localities of Chambal region at random and processed. Bacterial
colony counts were also performed. Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species were the predominant isolates. The viable counts obtained ranged from 1.3sX104 to 2.1sX106 CFU/g. Contamination of Khoa by pathogenic bacteria could be an important factor of gastrointestinal infections including
food poisoning and food borne illness. Adequate consumer protection can be achieved by measuring the microbiological data
of product. 相似文献
749.
Pradip Mukhopadhyay Debmalya Sanyal Purushottam Chatterjee Kaushik Pandit Sujoy Ghosh 《Endocrine practice》2022,28(8):795-801
ObjectiveSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) demonstrate cardiovascular (CV) safety and benefits. Some dedicated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrate benefit in terms of renal outcomes and hospitalization due to heart failure (HF). RCTs report differences in the secondary outcomes with respect to mortality (CV and/or all-cause). We undertook a meta-analysis of all SGLT2is for which in addition to CVOT, HF outcome/renal outcome studies are available to establish whether individual SGLT2is were able to prevent death.MethodsWe included available event-driven randomized, placebo-controlled CVOTs and dedicated RCTs of SGLT2is exploring renal outcomes and HF. We included 3 trials of empagliflozin, 3 of dapagliflozin, 2 of canagliflozin, and 2 of sotagliflozin. The efficacy outcomes included all-cause mortality and CV mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were pooled for individual molecules.ResultsThe HR for all-cause mortality including all trials was 0.86 (0.80-0.93). The HRs for all-cause mortality in empagliflozin (N = 16 738), dapagliflozin (N = 26 208), canagliflozin (N = 14 543), and sotagliflozin (N = 11 806) were 0.86 (0.69-1.08), 0.83 (0.72-0.97), 0.86 (0.75-0.97), and 0.95 (0.81-1.11), respectively. The HR for CV mortality including all trials was 0.85 (0.78-0.92). The HRs for CV mortality in empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, sotagliflozin, and canagliflozin were 0.81 (0.63-1.03), 0.88 (0.78-1.00), 0.89 (0.74-1.07), and 0.84 (0.72-0.98), respectively.ConclusionSGLT2is as a class reduce both all-cause mortality and CV mortality. Canagliflozin possibly reduces both all-cause mortality and CV mortality, whereas dapagliflozin may reduce all-cause mortality but not CV mortality. Empagliflozin and sotagliflozin may reduce neither. 相似文献
750.
Rahul Gupta Tinku Gupta Dhirender Kaushik 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2023,37(5):e23314
The pesticide malathion (MT), an organophosphate, is highly neurotoxic and causes cholinergic disorders as well as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Our purpose was to study the effect of ellagic acid (EA) and Vitamin C on the testis against MT-induced toxicity in the rats. Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were employed, separated into six groups and were given treatment for 14 days. The toxicity of MT on the testis was evaluated using a variety of physical parameters, such as mortality rate and body weight, as well as biochemical parameters, such as total protein, total cholesterol, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and haematological parameters, such as counts of red blood cells, haemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cells, as well as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, and mean corpuscular Hb concentration. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed and a histological examination of the testis was performed. A sperm count technique and an analysis of sperm motility were used to determine the sperm quality. Biochemical indicators, sperm count, motility, viability and morphology were significantly decreased with MT. When compared with MT and the control group, EA and Vitamin C administration significantly increased sperm motility and count (p < 0.05). After receiving EA and Vitamin C, biochemical indicators and histological characteristics are also intensified. The results of the current investigation show that EA and Vitamin C can both reduce increased levels of biochemical markers and improve pathological alterations in the testis brought on by MT treatment. 相似文献