Polyoxyethylene stimulates lignin peroxidase production inPhanerochœte chrysosporium

In shaken cultures ofPhanerochœte chrysosporium, different Tweens gave rise to similar and high lignin peroxidase (LiP) activities. The polyoxyethylene-sorbitan (POE-S) moieties isolated from Tweens gave rise to somewhat lower LiP activities, whereas fatty acids isolated from Tweens gave rise to much lower LiP activities than parent Tweens. LiP activity appeared 3 d after addition of Tween 80 if this was added within the first 4 d after inoculation. Of the three chemical moieties contained in Tweens,i.e., fatty acids, sorbitan, and polyoxyethylene (POE), only the latter one significantly stimulated the LiP activity of the culture. The stimulatory effect of POE on the LiP activity increased till its molar mass of approx. 1 kDa, then it levelled off. The quantity of POE in the culture decreased with time. Tween 80, its POE-S moiety and POEs seem to enhance LiP production and not only their release.     

Neuromuscular training and the risk of leg injuries in female floorball players: cluster randomised controlled study

Objective To investigate whether a neuromuscular training programme is effective in preventing non-contact leg injuries in female floorball players.Design Cluster randomised controlled study.Setting 28 top level female floorball teams in Finland.Participants 457 players (mean age 24 years)—256 (14 teams) in the intervention group and 201 (14 teams) in the control group—followedup for one league season (six months).Intervention A neuromuscular training programme to enhance players’ motor skills and body control, as well as to activate and prepare their neuromuscular system for sports specific manoeuvres.Main outcome measure Acute non-contact injuries of the legs.Results During the season, 72 acute non-contact leg injuries occurred, 20 in the intervention group and 52 in the control group. The injury incidence per 1000 hours playing and practise in the intervention group was 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.37 to 1.13) and in the control group was 2.08 (1.58 to 2.72). The risk of non-contact leg injury was 66% lower (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.57) in the intervention group.Conclusion A neuromuscular training programme was effective in preventing acute non-contact injuries of the legs in female floorball players. Neuromuscular training can be recommended in the weekly training of these athletes.Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN26550281.