排序方式: 共有105条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Duncan Wilson Sascha Thewes Katherina Zakikhany Chantal Fradin Antje Albrecht Ricardo Almeida Sascha Brunke Katharina Grosse Ronny Martin Francois Mayer Ines Leonhardt Lydia Schild Katja Seider Melanie Skibbe Silvia Slesiona Betty Waechtler Ilse Jacobsen & Bernhard Hube 《FEMS yeast research》2009,9(5):688-700
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Alejandra Droguett Paola Krall M. Eugenia Burgos Graciela Valderrama Daniel Carpio Leopoldo Ardiles Raquel Rodriguez-Diez Bredford Kerr Katherina Walz Marta Ruiz-Ortega Jesus Egido Sergio Mezzano 《PloS one》2014,9(7)
A growing number of patients are recognized worldwide to have chronic kidney disease. Glomerular and interstitial fibrosis are hallmarks of renal progression. However, fibrosis of the kidney remains an unresolved challenge, and its molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Gremlin is an embryogenic gene that has been shown to play a key role in nephrogenesis, and its expression is generally low in the normal adult kidney. However, gremlin expression is elevated in many human renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and chronic allograft nephropathy. Several studies have proposed that gremlin may be involved in renal damage by acting as a downstream mediator of TGF-β. To examine the in vivo role of gremlin in kidney pathophysiology, we generated seven viable transgenic mouse lines expressing human gremlin (GREM1) specifically in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells under the control of an androgen-regulated promoter. These lines demonstrated 1.2- to 200-fold increased GREM1 expression. GREM1 transgenic mice presented a normal phenotype and were without proteinuria and renal function involvement. In response to the acute renal damage cause by folic acid nephrotoxicity, tubule-specific GREM1 transgenic mice developed increased proteinuria after 7 and 14 days compared with wild-type treated mice. At 14 days tubular lesions, such as dilatation, epithelium flattening and hyaline casts, with interstitial cell infiltration and mild fibrosis were significantly more prominent in transgenic mice than wild-type mice. Tubular GREM1 overexpression was correlated with the renal upregulation of profibrotic factors, such as TGF-β and αSMA, and with increased numbers of monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, our results suggest that GREM1-overexpressing mice have an increased susceptibility to renal damage, supporting the involvement of gremlin in renal damage progression. This transgenic mouse model could be used as a new tool for enhancing the knowledge of renal disease progression. 相似文献
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Katherina Petrou Ross Hill Martina A. Doblin Andrew McMinn Robert Johnson Simon W. Wright Peter J. Ralph 《Journal of phycology》2011,47(1):77-86
All photosynthetic organisms endeavor to balance energy supply with demand. For sea‐ice diatoms, as with all marine photoautotrophs, light is the most important factor for determining growth and carbon‐fixation rates. Light varies from extremely low to often relatively high irradiances within the sea‐ice environment, meaning that sea‐ice algae require moderate physiological plasticity that is necessary for rapid light acclimation and photoprotection. This study investigated photoprotective mechanisms employed by bottom Antarctic sea‐ice algae in response to relatively high irradiances to understand how they acclimate to the environmental conditions presented during early spring, as the light climate begins to intensify and snow and sea‐ice thinning commences. The sea‐ice microalgae displayed high photosynthetic plasticity to increased irradiance, with a rapid decline in photochemical efficiency that was completely reversible when placed under low light. Similarly, the photoprotective xanthophyll pigment diatoxanthin (Dt) was immediately activated but reversed during recovery under low light. The xanthophyll inhibitor dithiothreitol (DTT) and state transition inhibitor sodium fluoride (NaF) were used in under‐ice in situ incubations and revealed that nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) via xanthophyll‐cycle activation was the preferred method for light acclimation and photoprotection by bottom sea‐ice algae. This study showed that bottom sea‐ice algae from the east Antarctic possess a high level of plasticity in their light‐acclimation capabilities and identified the xanthophyll cycle as a critical mechanism in photoprotection and the preferred means by which sea‐ice diatoms regulate energy flow to PSII. 相似文献
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Vanessa Neuhaus Katharina Schwarz Anna Klee Sophie Seehase Christine F?rster Olaf Pfennig Danny Jonigk Hans-Gerd Fieguth Wolfgang Koch Gregor Warnecke Vidadi Yusibov Katherina Sewald Armin Braun 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Annual outbreaks of influenza infections, caused by new influenza virus subtypes and high incidences of zoonosis, make seasonal influenza one of the most unpredictable and serious health threats worldwide. Currently available vaccines, though the main prevention strategy, can neither efficiently be adapted to new circulating virus subtypes nor provide high amounts to meet the global demand fast enough. New influenza vaccines quickly adapted to current virus strains are needed. In the present study we investigated the local toxicity and capacity of a new inhalable influenza vaccine to induce an antigen-specific recall response at the site of virus entry in human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). This new vaccine combines recombinant H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin (HAC1), produced in tobacco plants, and a silica nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery system. We found no local cellular toxicity of the vaccine within applicable concentrations. However higher concentrations of NP (≥103 µg/ml) dose-dependently decreased viability of human PCLS. Furthermore NP, not the protein, provoked a dose-dependent induction of TNF-α and IL-1β, indicating adjuvant properties of silica. In contrast, we found an antigen-specific induction of the T cell proliferation and differentiation cytokine, IL-2, compared to baseline level (152±49 pg/mg vs. 22±5 pg/mg), which could not be seen for the NP alone. Additionally, treatment with 10 µg/ml HAC1 caused a 6-times higher secretion of IFN-γ compared to baseline (602±307 pg/mg vs. 97±51 pg/mg). This antigen-induced IFN-γ secretion was further boosted by the adjuvant effect of silica NP for the formulated vaccine to a 12-fold increase (97±51 pg/mg vs. 1226±535 pg/mg). Thus we were able to show that the plant-produced vaccine induced an adequate innate immune response and re-activated an established antigen-specific T cell response within a non-toxic range in human PCLS at the site of virus entry. 相似文献
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Katherina A. Pietsch David Eichenberg Karin Nadrowski Jürgen Bauhus Franois Buscot Witoon Purahong Benjamin Wipfler Tesfaye Wubet Mingjian Yu Christian Wirth 《Oikos》2019,128(5):701-715
While the number of studies on the role of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning is steadily increasing, a key component of biogeochemical cycling in forests, dead wood decay, has been largely neglected. It remains widely unknown whether and how dead wood decay is affected by diversity loss in forests. We studied the hierarchical effects of tree species diversity on wood decay rates in a subtropical forest landscape in southeast China via its influence on fungal OTU richness and invertebrate diversity using piecewise structural equation models. The experiment was conducted in natural forest plots that span a wide gradient of tree species diversity embedded in a heterogeneous topography. To account for interactions between macro‐invertebrates and fungi, that potentially modify the influence of tree biodiversity and climate on dead wood decay, we compared a macro‐invertebrate exclusion treatment with a control treatment that allowed access to all types of decomposers. Diversity effects of trees on wood decay rates were mostly negative and mediated by the diversity of macro‐invertebrates. However, the effects of tree species diversity or fungal OTU richness and macro‐invertebrate diversity on wood decay rates were comparatively weak. Temperature affected decay rates positively and had the strongest influence in all treatments. While the exclusion of macro‐invertebrates did not lead to a reduction of wood decay rates, our results suggest that they may however have a mediating role in the process. In the presence of invertebrates the predictability of wood decay rates was higher and we observed a tendency of a stronger temperature control. Our results suggest that there is evidence for diversity effects on wood decomposition, but the temperature control is still more important. Thus, an increase in mean annual temperature will increase carbon and nutrient turnover through wood decomposition in subtropical forest irrespective of biotic composition. 相似文献
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Raffaella Bucciardini Vincenzo Fragola Teshome Abegaz Stefano Lucattini Atakilt Halifom Eskedar Tadesse Micheal Berhe Katherina Pugliese Andrea Binelli Paola De Castro Roberta Terlizzi Luca Fucili Massimiliano Di Gregorio Marco Mirra Erika Olivieri Tsigemariam Teklu Teame Zegeye Amanuel Haile Stefano Vella Loko Abraham Hagos Godefay CASA-project Health Facilities 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Introduction
Although Ethiopia has been scaling up the antiretroviral therapy (ART) services, low retention in care of patients remains one of the main obstacles to treatment success. We report data on retention in care and its associated determinants in Tigray, Ethiopia.Methods
We used data from the CASA project, a prospective observational and multi-site study of a cohort of HIV-infected patients who initiated ART for the first time in Tigray. Four participating health facilities (HFs) located in the South of Tigray were considered for this study. Patients were followed for one year after ART initiation. The main outcome measure was represented by the current retention in care, defined as the proportion of patients who were alive and receiving ART at the same HF one year after ART initiation. Patients who started ART between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013 were included in this analysis. Patients were followed for one year after ART initiation. The determinants of retention were analysed using univariate and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards model with robust sandwich estimates to account for within HF correlation.Results
The four participating HFs in Tigray were able to retain overall 85.1% of their patients after one year from starting ART. Loss to follow-up (5.5%) and transfers to other HF (6.6) were the main determinant of attrition. A multivariate analysis shows that the factors significantly associated with retention were the type of HF, gender and active TB. Alamata health center was the HF with the highest attrition rate (HR 2.99, 95% CI: 2.77–3.23). Active TB (HR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.23–2.41) and gender (HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.10–2.56) were also significantly associated with attrition.Conclusions
Although Ethiopia has significantly improved access to the ART program, achieving and maintaining a satisfactory long-term retention rate is a future goal. This is difficult because of different retention rates among HFs. Moreover specific interventions should be directed to people of different sex to improve retention in care in male population. 相似文献88.
Stefan Trogisch Andreas Schuldt Jürgen Bauhus Juliet A. Blum Sabine Both François Buscot Nadia Castro‐Izaguirre Douglas Chesters Walter Durka David Eichenberg Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Christian Geißler Markus S. Germany Philipp Goebes Jessica Gutknecht Christoph Zacharias Hahn Sylvia Haider Werner Härdtle Jin‐Sheng He Andy Hector Lydia Hönig Yuanyuan Huang Alexandra‐Maria Klein Peter Kühn Matthias Kunz Katrin N. Leppert Ying Li Xiaojuan Liu Pascal A. Niklaus Zhiqin Pei Katherina A. Pietsch Ricarda Prinz Tobias Proß Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen Karsten Schmidt Thomas Scholten Steffen Seitz Zhengshan Song Michael Staab Goddert von Oheimb Christina Weißbecker Erik Welk Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Bo Yang Xuefei Yang Chao‐Dong Zhu Bernhard Schmid Keping Ma Helge Bruelheide 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(24):10652-10674
Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has extended its scope from communities that are short‐lived or reshape their structure annually to structurally complex forest ecosystems. The establishment of tree diversity experiments poses specific methodological challenges for assessing the multiple functions provided by forest ecosystems. In particular, methodological inconsistencies and nonstandardized protocols impede the analysis of multifunctionality within, and comparability across the increasing number of tree diversity experiments. By providing an overview on key methods currently applied in one of the largest forest biodiversity experiments, we show how methods differing in scale and simplicity can be combined to retrieve consistent data allowing novel insights into forest ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, we discuss and develop recommendations for the integration and transferability of diverse methodical approaches to present and future forest biodiversity experiments. We identified four principles that should guide basic decisions concerning method selection for tree diversity experiments and forest BEF research: (1) method selection should be directed toward maximizing data density to increase the number of measured variables in each plot. (2) Methods should cover all relevant scales of the experiment to consider scale dependencies of biodiversity effects. (3) The same variable should be evaluated with the same method across space and time for adequate larger‐scale and longer‐time data analysis and to reduce errors due to changing measurement protocols. (4) Standardized, practical and rapid methods for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem functions should be promoted to increase comparability among forest BEF experiments. We demonstrate that currently available methods provide us with a sophisticated toolbox to improve a synergistic understanding of forest multifunctionality. However, these methods require further adjustment to the specific requirements of structurally complex and long‐lived forest ecosystems. By applying methods connecting relevant scales, trophic levels, and above‐ and belowground ecosystem compartments, knowledge gain from large tree diversity experiments can be optimized. 相似文献
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Brecht M Sewald K Schiene K Keen G Fricke M Sauer M Niehaus K 《Journal of biotechnology》2004,112(1-2):151-164
Using an RT-PCR approach a cDNA clone, designated Ms-Rac4 and putatively coding for a small GTPase was isolated from Medicago sativa. Ms-Rac4 and the earlier described Ms-Rac1 [Mol. Gen. Genet. 263 (2000) 761] belong to the class of GTP-binding Rho of plants (Rop) proteins. At the amino acid level they display all conserved regions that are common to GTP-binding proteins. Phylogenetically both are located in the group Ia, but within this group they are well-separated. Computed structure models of both proteins revealed a high degree of structural conservation. Particularly the switch I and switch II region are 100% conserved between Ms-Rac1 and Ms-Rac4 and highly conserved as compared to other Rac-like G-proteins. Both GTPases differ in structure within the fourth loop and the fourth helix. GTP-binding properties of the heterologously expressed Ms-Rac1 and Ms-Rac4 was shown by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using mantGTP and by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). By this method the specificity of the G-protein/GTP interaction was shown and the inhibitory effect of GTP, EDTA and Mg(2+) on the Ms-Rac1 and Ms-Rac4 binding to immobilized GTP was characterized. Ms-Rac1 and Ms-Rac4 exhibited the same affinity to GTP and are similarly affected by GTP, EDTA and Mg(2+). Thus, the predicted structural differences do not result in different GTP-binding properties of Ms-Rac1 and Ms-Rac4. 相似文献