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Ulrich Dobramysl Iris Katharina Jarsch Yoshiko Inoue Hanae Shimo Benjamin Richier Jonathan R. Gadsby Julia Mason Alicja Szaapak Pantelis Savvas Ioannou Guilherme Pereira Correia Astrid Walrant Richard Butler Edouard Hannezo Benjamin D. Simons Jennifer L. Gallop 《The Journal of cell biology》2021,220(4)
Assemblies of actin and its regulators underlie the dynamic morphology of all eukaryotic cells. To understand how actin regulatory proteins work together to generate actin-rich structures such as filopodia, we analyzed the localization of diverse actin regulators within filopodia in Drosophila embryos and in a complementary in vitro system of filopodia-like structures (FLSs). We found that the composition of the regulatory protein complex where actin is incorporated (the filopodial tip complex) is remarkably heterogeneous both in vivo and in vitro. Our data reveal that different pairs of proteins correlate with each other and with actin bundle length, suggesting the presence of functional subcomplexes. This is consistent with a theoretical framework where three or more redundant subcomplexes join the tip complex stochastically, with any two being sufficient to drive filopodia formation. We provide an explanation for the observed heterogeneity and suggest that a mechanism based on multiple components allows stereotypical filopodial dynamics to arise from diverse upstream signaling pathways. 相似文献
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Averhoff Beate Kirchner Lennart Pfefferle Katharina Yaman Deniz 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2021,25(5-6):425-436
Extremophiles - Extremophilic prokaryotes live under harsh environmental conditions which require far-reaching cellular adaptations. The acquisition of novel genetic information via natural... 相似文献
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Eleonora Paparelli Sandro Parlanti Silvia Gonzali Giacomo Novi Lorenzo Mariotti Nello Ceccarelli Joost T. van Dongen Katharina K?lling Samuel C. Zeeman Pierdomenico Perata 《The Plant cell》2013,25(10):3760-3769
A plant’s eventual size depends on the integration of its genetic program with environmental cues, which vary on a daily basis. Both efficient carbon metabolism and the plant hormone gibberellin are required to guarantee optimal plant growth. Yet, little is known about the interplay between carbon metabolism and gibberellins that modulates plant growth. Here, we show that sugar starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana arising from inefficient starch metabolism at night strongly reduces the expression of ent-kaurene synthase, a key regulatory enzyme for gibberellin synthesis, the following day. Our results demonstrate that plants integrate the efficiency of photosynthesis over a period of days, which is transduced into a daily rate of gibberellin biosynthesis. This enables a plant to grow to a size that is compatible with its environment. 相似文献
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Galliano Zanello Ashleigh Goethel Katharina Forster Kaoru Geddes Dana J. Philpott Kenneth Croitoru 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Although the etiology of Crohn''s disease (CD) remains elusive this disease is characterized by T cell activation that leads to chronic inflammation and mucosal damage. A potential role for maladaptation between the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune response is suggested by the fact that mutations in the pattern recognition receptor Nod2 are associated with higher risks for developing CD. Although Nod2 deletion in CD4+ T cells has been shown to impair the induction of colitis in the murine T cell transfer model, the analysis of T cell intrinsic Nod2 function in T cell differentiation and T cell-mediated immunity is inconsistent between several studies. In addition, the role of T cell intrinsic Nod2 in regulatory T cell (Treg) development and function during colitis remain to be analyzed. In this study, we show that Nod2 expression is higher in activated/memory CD4+ T cells and its expression was inducible after T cell receptor (TCR) ligation. Nod2 stimulation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) led to a nuclear accumulation of c-Rel NF-kB subunit. Although functionally active in CD4+ T cells, the deletion of Nod2 did not impair the induction and the prevention of colitis in the T cell transfer model. Moreover, Nod2 deletion did not affect the development of Foxp3+ Treg cells in the spleen of recipient mice and Nod2 deficient CD4 T cells expressing the OVA specific transgenic TCR were able to differentiate in Foxp3+ Treg cells after OVA feeding. In vitro, CD25+ Nod2 deficient T cells suppressed T cell proliferation as well as wild type counter parts and T cell stimulation with MDP did not affect the proliferation and the cytokine secretion of T cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that Nod2 is functional in murine CD4+ T cells but its expression is dispensable for the T cell regulation of colitis. 相似文献
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Darshini Govindasamy Katharina Kranzer Nienke van Schaik Farzad Noubary Robin Wood Rochelle P. Walensky Kenneth A. Freedberg Ingrid V. Bassett Linda-Gail Bekker 《PloS one》2013,8(11)