Factors affecting the accuracy of chlorophylla andb determination by means of their paper chromatographic separation and colorimetric measurement in eluates

Quantitative determination of chlorophyll a and β can be made by paper chromatography of acetone extracts of plant material with colorimetric measurement of the eluates from the separated zones. From the suitable solvent systems which give adequate separation of the pigments at a distance of 20 cm. from the start,Hager's mixture (1955) separates the chlorophylls better than the toluene-isopropanol (400: 1 v/v.) mixture, which, however, is better for the separation of carotenoids. Twice the amount of chlorophyll is separated on Whatman 31 ET paper, equally well and with the same time of development, as on Whatman No. 3 paper, on which it is possible to separate a maximum of about 15 μg of chlorophyll pigments per 1 em. start length. Losses on elution are, however, higher on using Whatman 31 ET paper. In plants with a high chlorophyllase activity, the error of determining chlorophyll a andb is greatly reduced if the leaves are placed for 1 min. in boiling water before extraction. For elution of chlorophylla andb from paper it is better to use anhydrous acetone, for chlorophyllides 80% acetone. A comparison of the procedure investigated with the method of two-wave length spectrophotometric measurement of crude acetone extracts showed that in view of the average 10% loss, the chromatographic method is hardly suitable for determining the absolute amounts of chlorophylla andb, although the relation (a/b) can be determined with similar precision by both methods. Moreover, in view of the greater amount of work involved the chromatographic method can only be recommended for confirming the results of spectrophotometrie determination. Quantitative determination of chlorophylls from the area of the spot or from the "R_F" value can only be of an informative character.     

Changes in the anatomical structure of the shoot apex ofSenecio vulgaris L. during ontogenis in relation to the formation of leaves and inflorescence

An investigation was made of the anatomical structure of the shoot apex ofSenecio vulgaris L. a photoperiodically neutral plant, and compared with the formation of successive leaf primordia along the axis up to the initiation of the terminal inflorescence. In the shoot apex of a germinating plant a central zone can first be distinguished from the peripheral zone which is composed of small and intensely stained cells. Later, a rib meristem appears. At the time of the initiation of the middle (the largest) leaves, the shoot apex has a distinct small central zone and a well developed peripheral zone and rib meristem. Between these zones there is a group of cells dividing in all directions, the subcentral zone. At the time of initiation of the last leaves, the central zone extends to the flanks and gradually ceases to be distinguishable. At the same time, the subcentral zone increases in size. This is caused first by cell division and later, with the initiation of the last, most reduced leaves, by enlargement of the cells. Vacuolization in the inner part of the apex and the arrangement of the superficial cells in rows parallel to the surface of the apex, is a preparatory step to the initiation of the inflorescence.     

Enzymatic synthesis of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine-2-14C and of 5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine-2-14C and their incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid (Allium cepa)

5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine-2-¹⁴C was prepared from 5-bromouracil-2-¹⁴C and 2’-de-oxyguanosine using trans-N-deoxyribosylase fromLactobacillus helveticus and incorporated into DNA ofAllium cepa roots. After isolating the DNA and hydrolyzing it enzymatically to deoxynucleoside-5’-phosphates a radioactive nucleotide was detected which yielded 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine-2-¹⁴C on enzymatic dephosphorylation. The incorporation of 5-iodo-2’-deoxy-uridine-2-¹⁴C was followed only by microautoradiography.     

Gibberellin and sympodial branching inTilia

U r?stově na za?átku fyziologického odpo?inku inhibovaných rostlinTilia platyphyllos Scop. aTilia cordata Mill. se vlivem giberelové kyseliny (GA₃) zachoval terminální pupen jako náznak monopodiálního větvení, co? lze vylo?it jako fylogenetickou rekapitulaci. P?itom se ukázalo, ?e po?et normálně na letorostech zachovávaných list? je p?edur?en ji? v pupenech.     

The identification of hybrids ofPhaseolus vulgar is L. ×Phaseolus coccineus L. Using immunoehemical methods

F₁ generace hybrid?Ph. vulgaris L. XPh. coccineus L. je v bílkovinných znacích zhruba intermedierní. V F₂ generaci se objevuje ?těpení a r?zné stupně matro- ?i patroklinity.     

Abnormities in the Inflorescence ofTriticum aestivum E. after a photoperiodic treatment at different stages of ontogeny

Metodikou fotoperiodických pokus? a analys vzrostných vrchol? jsme zjistili závislost typu výsledné morfologické abnormity na vývojovém stupni vzrostného vrcholu p?ed fotoperiodickým zásahem. Abnormálně velký po?et klásk? vznikal po zásahu u rostlin se zcela vegetativním vzrostným vrcholem. K větvení klasu do?lo nejvíce po zásahu v době prodlu?ování vzrostného vrcholu. Abnormální vývin podp?rných listen? odpovídal zásahu mezi zakládáním klásk? a zakládáním kvítk? v kláscích. ?ím d?ívěj?i byl tento zásah, tím ú plněji byly podp?rné listeny vyvinuty. První dvě odchylky p?edstavují nadpo?etný r?st osních ?lánk? v květenství, vývin podp?rného listenu je známkou posunutí korelace mezi r?stem listenu a generativním vývojem jeho ú?labního klásku. U poslední odchylky, ?ídkého klasu, která vzniká po zásahu v době zakládání ty?inek, ji? nedochází k takovému naru?ení vztahu mezi r?stem a vývojem. P?i fotoperiodickém zásahu dochází k indukci abnormální morfogenese, která pak m??e probíhat i po ukon?ení zásahu.     

Catalase activity in thermal blue-green algae in relation to temperature

Biologia Plantarum - The author has studied the relation of the catalase activity in thermal blue-green algae to temperature. Experimental data were taken from the first phase of the reaction, so...     

The effect of DL-β-methylaspartic acid on the growth ofEscherichia coli

ВЫла кислота была под готовлена и двух его и зомеры отделить друг от друга. Больше erythro-раст воримой форме стимул ировали рост (itEscherichia титр) в синтетических средн ие на концентрацию 1–5 gmmoles мл. Менее растворимы е фракции, содержащие threo-форма препятствует росту из (itEscherichia коли) на дан ной концентрации. Инг ибирование роста сви детельствует путем п ролонгации лаг фазы; Темпы роста в логари фмической фазы и Макс имальное количество ячеек не были пострад авшим от аналога. Торм озящий последствия, в ызванные threo-форма methylaspartic ки слоты могут быть пода влены Помимо этого из аспарагиновой кисло ты.