全文获取类型
收费全文 | 867篇 |
免费 | 65篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 31篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 42篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 48篇 |
2012年 | 52篇 |
2011年 | 81篇 |
2010年 | 33篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有934条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
41.
It is believed that some wastes play an important role on the pollution prevention. In this paper, three different natural biomasses were investigated as biosorbent. Salsola green plant which grown at Jubail (industrial area) in KSA, it is phyto remediation plant. Salsola is metal hyper accumulation plant, it adsorbed (23.5, 25.7 mg lead per gram stem or leaf) from soil. Also it can be reused as ion exchanger for pb2+ from solution. Shrimp shell’s used for extraction of chitosan in laboratory with degree of substitution 81%. Chitosan and crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan were investigated for pb2+ adsorption and compared with crosslinked carboxymethyl corn cob. The adsorption experiments demonstrated that the three biomasses have high adsorption capacity for pb2+, good reusability and stability for three cycles. 相似文献
42.
Megan A. Perry Drew S. Coleman David L. Dettman Abdel Halim al‐Shiyab 《American journal of physical anthropology》2009,140(3):429-441
The Byzantine Empire managed a complex administrative network that controlled the mining and processing of natural resources from within its boundaries. Scholars relying upon archeological and textual evidence debate the level of imperial involvement in these ventures, particularly in the provinces. Ancient sources note that many mining camps, for instance, purportedly contained criminal laborers and elite administrators transported from distant locales, indicating significant organization and expenditures by the imperial administration to run the mines. This analysis explores the presence of these nonlocal individuals in a cemetery associated with the third to seventh century A.D. mining camp of Phaeno (Faynan), located in modern Jordan. Strontium isotope analysis of 31 burials indicates that most spent their childhood in a similar geological region as Phaeno, implying that they were locally born. The δ18O results mirror the homogeneous 87Sr/86Sr values, confirming a local origin for most of the sample. Isotopic evidence therefore suggests that the Phaeno mining camp was largely a local operation, contrary to the picture presented in textual sources, although the profits surely padded imperial coffers. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
43.
Alexandre Hinzpeter Abdel Aissat Elvira Sondo Catherine Costa Nicole Arous Christine Gameiro Natacha Martin Agathe Tarze Laurence Weiss Alix de Becdelièvre Bruno Costes Michel Goossens Luis J. Galietta Emmanuelle Girodon Pascale Fanen 《PLoS genetics》2010,6(10)
Approximately 30% of alleles causing genetic disorders generate premature termination codons (PTCs), which are usually associated with severe phenotypes. However, bypassing the deleterious stop codon can lead to a mild disease outcome. Splicing at NAGNAG tandem splice sites has been reported to result in insertion or deletion (indel) of three nucleotides. We identified such a mechanism as the origin of the mild to asymptomatic phenotype observed in cystic fibrosis patients homozygous for the E831X mutation (2623G>T) in the CFTR gene. Analyses performed on nasal epithelial cell mRNA detected three distinct isoforms, a considerably more complex situation than expected for a single nucleotide substitution. Structure-function studies and in silico analyses provided the first experimental evidence of an indel of a stop codon by alternative splicing at a NAGNAG acceptor site. In addition to contributing to proteome plasticity, alternative splicing at a NAGNAG tandem site can thus remove a disease-causing UAG stop codon. This molecular study reveals a naturally occurring mechanism where the effect of either modifier genes or epigenetic factors could be suspected. This finding is of importance for genetic counseling as well as for deciding appropriate therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
44.
Adam R. Boyko Pascale Quignon Lin Li Jeffrey J. Schoenebeck Jeremiah D. Degenhardt Kirk E. Lohmueller Keyan Zhao Abra Brisbin Heidi G. Parker Bridgett M. vonHoldt Michele Cargill Adam Auton Andy Reynolds Abdel G. Elkahloun Marta Castelhano Dana S. Mosher Nathan B. Sutter Gary S. Johnson John Novembre Melissa J. Hubisz Adam Siepel Robert K. Wayne Carlos D. Bustamante Elaine A. Ostrander 《PLoS biology》2010,8(8)
Domestic dogs exhibit tremendous phenotypic diversity, including a greater
variation in body size than any other terrestrial mammal. Here, we generate a
high density map of canine genetic variation by genotyping 915 dogs from 80
domestic dog breeds, 83 wild canids, and 10 outbred African shelter dogs across
60,968 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Coupling this genomic resource
with external measurements from breed standards and individuals as well as
skeletal measurements from museum specimens, we identify 51 regions of the dog
genome associated with phenotypic variation among breeds in 57 traits. The
complex traits include average breed body size and external body dimensions and
cranial, dental, and long bone shape and size with and without allometric
scaling. In contrast to the results from association mapping of quantitative
traits in humans and domesticated plants, we find that across dog breeds, a
small number of quantitative trait loci (≤3) explain the majority of
phenotypic variation for most of the traits we studied. In addition, many
genomic regions show signatures of recent selection, with most of the highly
differentiated regions being associated with breed-defining traits such as body
size, coat characteristics, and ear floppiness. Our results demonstrate the
efficacy of mapping multiple traits in the domestic dog using a database of
genotyped individuals and highlight the important role human-directed selection
has played in altering the genetic architecture of key traits in this important
species. 相似文献
45.
46.
Vinpocetine is a widely used drug for the treatment of cerebrovascular and memory disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vinpocetine on the acute hepatic injury caused in the rat by the administration of CCl4 in vivo. Vinpocetine (2.1, 4.2, 8.4 mg/kg) or silymarin (30 mg/kg) was given once daily orally simultaneously with CCl4 and for 15 days thereafter. Liver damage was assessed by determining serum enzyme activities and hepatic histopathology. Stained sections were subjected to morphometric evaluation using computerized image analyzer. The results showed that vinpocetine administered to CCl4-treated rats decreased the elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 49.3, 58.1 and 63.6%, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 10.5, 22.6 and 27.2% and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 52.5, 59.6 and 64.9%, respectively, and in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, silymarin reduced elevated ALT, AST and ALP levels by 53.1, 26.9 and 66%, respectively. Histological examination of liver specimens revealed a marked reduction in liver cell necrosis in vinpocetine and silymarin-treated rats compared with vehicle-treated CCl4-treated rats. Quantitative analysis of the area of damage showed 85.3% reduction in the area of damage after silymarin and 72.2, 78.9 and 82.6% reduction after vinpocetine treatment at 2.1, 4.2, 8.4 mg/kg, respectively. It is concluded that administration of vinpocetine in a model of CCl4-induced liver injury in rats reduced liver damage. The reduction obtained by 4.2 mg/kg of vinpocetine was similar to that obtained by 30 mg/kg silymarin. Therefore, it is suggested that vinpocetine might be a good pharmacological agent in the treatment of liver disease besides its neuroprotective effects. 相似文献
47.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of the adrenomedullin (ADM) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in adult and pediatric patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) of various etiologies and to investigate their relations with haemodynamic variables e.g. echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was made in 38 adult and 21 pediatric patients with CHF of various etiologies and compared with 15 adult and 10 pediatric normal healthy controls. Patients with CHF were classified according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification into grades II to IV in adult patients and into grade IV in all pediatric patients. ADM and ANP plasma levels were determined prior to the treatment with enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in the plasma levels of ADM and ANP were found between pediatrics and adult patients and corresponding healthy controls. Their levels were progressively increased with severity of NYHA class in adult patients. We found a significant positive correlation between plasma levels of each of ADM and ANP and pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and a significant negative correlation between their plasma levels and echocardiographic LVEF and FS. A significant positive correlation between plasma levels of ADM and ANP in both pediatrics and adult patients were also found. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of ADM and ANP increased in adult and pediatric patients with CHF irrespective of the cause. They were positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with LVEF and FS. These findings might have important clinical implications in that a noninvasive blood test may be used to identify high-risk subjects for HF for more invasive procedures. 相似文献
48.
Ali BR Jeffery S Patel N Tinworth LE Meguid N Patton MA Afzal AR 《Human genetics》2007,122(3-4):389-395
ROR2 is a member of the cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) family of proteins and is involved in the developmental
morphogenesis of the skeletal, cardiovascular and genital systems. Mutations in ROR2 have been shown to cause two distinct
human disorders, autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome and dominantly inherited Brachydactyly type B. The recessive form of
Robinow syndrome is a disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations whereas Brachydactyly type B is a dominant disease and
is presumably caused by gain-of-function mutations in the same gene. We have previously established that all the missense
mutations causing Robinow syndrome in ROR2 are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and therefore concluded that their loss
of function is due to a defect in their intracellular trafficking. These mutations were in the distal portion of the frizzled-like
cysteine rich domain and kringle domain. Here we report the identification of two novel mutations in the frizzled-like cysteine-rich
domain of ROR2 causing Robinow syndrome. We establish the retention of the mutated proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of
HeLa cells and therefore failure to reach the plasma membrane. The clustering of Robinow-causing mutations in the extracellular
frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain of ROR2 suggests a stringent requirement for the correct folding of this domain prior to
export of ROR2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane.
GenBank accession number ROR2, M97639. 相似文献
49.
Dawood Mona F. A. Zaid Abbu Latef Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2022,41(5):1919-1942
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Under the present era of changing climate, plants face simultaneous abiotic pressures rather than single stress. Under these unprecedented and joint... 相似文献
50.
Yara Rhayem Catherine Le Stunff Waed Abdel Khalek Colette Auzan Jerome Bertherat Agnès Linglart Alain Couvineau Caroline Silve Eric Clauser 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(46):27816-27828
The main target of cAMP is PKA, the main regulatory subunit of which (PRKAR1A) presents mutations in two genetic disorders: acrodysostosis and Carney complex. In addition to the initial recurrent mutation (R368X) of the PRKAR1A gene, several missense and nonsense mutations have been observed recently in acrodysostosis with hormonal resistance. These mutations are located in one of the two cAMP-binding domains of the protein, and their functional characterization is presented here. Expression of each of the PRKAR1A mutants results in a reduction of forskolin-induced PKA activation (measured by a reporter assay) and an impaired ability of cAMP to dissociate PRKAR1A from the catalytic PKA subunits by BRET assay. Modeling studies and sensitivity to cAMP analogs specific for domain A (8-piperidinoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate) or domain B (8-(6-aminohexyl)aminoadenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate) indicate that the mutations impair cAMP binding locally in the domain containing the mutation. Interestingly, two of these mutations affect amino acids for which alternative amino acid substitutions have been reported to cause the Carney complex phenotype. To decipher the molecular mechanism through which homologous substitutions can produce such strikingly different clinical phenotypes, we studied these mutations using the same approaches. Interestingly, the Carney mutants also demonstrated resistance to cAMP, but they expressed additional functional defects, including accelerated PRKAR1A protein degradation. These data demonstrate that a cAMP binding defect is the common molecular mechanism for resistance of PKA activation in acrodysosotosis and that several distinct mechanisms lead to constitutive PKA activation in Carney complex. 相似文献