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41.
Twenty-two selected quality protein maize (QPM) lines, including 13 lines developed in India (DMRQPM series) and nine lines released by CIMMYT, Mexico (CML series), were evaluated for their endosperm protein content and quality, besides kernel modification in terms of vitreousness. Endosperm protein contents in 13QPMlines were on par or better than that of the normal maize ‘checks’ (Trishulata and Parkash). The QPM endosperm proteins showed significantly higher % tryptophan as well as EF-1α (a multifunctional protein with a positive and highly significant correlation with lysine content in the endosperm) contents, in comparison with the normal maize genotypes. Evaluation of kernel modification revealed considerable scope for accumulation of endosperm modifiers in some of the QPM lines. Positive and highly significant correlation was revealed between tryptophan and EF-1α contents in the endosperm proteins, whereas the correlations between the quality parameters with kernel modification in the QPM genotypes were found to be non-significant. The study led to the identification of some promising QPM lines, such as DMRQPM-37, DMRQPM-44, CML176, CML142 and CML149, which could be effectively deployed in the QPM breeding programmes. 相似文献
42.
Abebe T Hailu A Woldeyes M Mekonen W Bilcha K Cloke T Fry L Seich Al Basatena NK Corware K Modolell M Munder M Tacchini-Cottier F Müller I Kropf P 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(6):e1684
Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is in Ethiopia mainly caused by the parasite Leishmania aethiopica. This neglected tropical disease is common in rural areas and causes serious morbidity. Persistent nonhealing cutaneous leishmaniasis has been associated with poor T cell mediated responses; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.Methodology/Principal Findings
We have recently shown in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis that arginase-induced L-arginine metabolism suppresses antigen-specific T cell responses at the site of pathology, but not in the periphery. To test whether these results translate to human disease, we recruited patients presenting with localized lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis and assessed the levels of arginase activity in cells isolated from peripheral blood and from skin biopsies. Arginase activity was similar in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients and healthy controls. In sharp contrast, arginase activity was significantly increased in lesion biopsies of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis as compared with controls. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of CD3ζ, CD4 and CD8 molecules were considerably lower at the site of pathology as compared to those observed in paired PBMCs.Conclusion
Our results suggest that increased arginase in lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis might play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease by impairing T cell effector functions. 相似文献43.
44.
Felix Bärlocher Yared Kassahun Kebede Ana Lúcia Gonçalves Cristina Canhoto 《Microbial ecology》2013,66(1):30-39
Frequency and amplitude of temperature oscillations can profoundly affect structure and function of ecosystems. Unless the rate of a biological process changes linearly within the range of these fluctuations, the cumulative effect of temperature differs from the effect measured at the average temperature (Jensen's inequality). Here, we measured numbers and types of spores released by aquatic hyphomycetes from oak and alder leaves that had been exposed in a Portuguese stream for between 7 and 94 days. Recovered leaves were incubated at four temperatures between 5 and 20 °C. Over this range, the sporulation response to temperature was decelerating, with an estimated optimum around 12.5 °C. Assuming a linear response, therefore, overestimates spore release from decaying leaves. The calculated discrepancy was more pronounced with recalcitrant oak leaves (greater toughness, phenolics concentration, lower N and P concentration than alder), and reached 26.6 % when temperature was assumed to oscillate between 1 and 9 °C, rather than remaining constant at 5 °C. The maximum fluctuation of water temperature over 48 h during the field experiment was approximately 3 °C, which would result in a discrepancy of up to 6 %. The composition of the fungal community (assessed by species identification of released spores) was significantly influenced by the state of decomposition, but not by leaf species or temperature. When quantifying the potential impact of global change on aquatic fungal communities, the average increase as well as fluctuations of the temperature have to be considered. 相似文献
45.
P. Ramu B. Kassahun S. Senthilvel C. Ashok Kumar B. Jayashree R. T. Folkertsma L. Ananda Reddy M. S. Kuruvinashetti B. I. G. Haussmann C. T. Hash 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(7):1193-1204
The sequencing and detailed comparative functional analysis of genomes of a number of select botanical models open new doors
into comparative genomics among the angiosperms, with potential benefits for improvement of many orphan crops that feed large
populations. In this study, a set of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was developed by mining the expressed sequence tag
(EST) database of sorghum. Among the SSR-containing sequences, only those sharing considerable homology with rice genomic
sequences across the lengths of the 12 rice chromosomes were selected. Thus, 600 SSR-containing sorghum EST sequences (50
homologous sequences on each of the 12 rice chromosomes) were selected, with the intention of providing coverage for corresponding
homologous regions of the sorghum genome. Primer pairs were designed and polymorphism detection ability was assessed using
parental pairs of two existing sorghum mapping populations. About 28% of these new markers detected polymorphism in this 4-entry
panel. A subset of 55 polymorphic EST-derived SSR markers were mapped onto the existing skeleton map of a recombinant inbred
population derived from cross N13 × E 36-1, which is segregating for Striga resistance and the stay-green component of terminal drought tolerance. These new EST-derived SSR markers mapped across all
10 sorghum linkage groups, mostly to regions expected based on prior knowledge of rice–sorghum synteny. The ESTs from which
these markers were derived were then mapped in silico onto the aligned sorghum genome sequence, and 88% of the best hits corresponded to linkage-based positions. This study demonstrates
the utility of comparative genomic information in targeted development of markers to fill gaps in linkage maps of related
crop species for which sufficient genomic tools are not available. 相似文献