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31.
Kimberly M. Broekemeier Randy J. Krebsbach Douglas R. Pfeiffer 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1994,139(1):33-40
Commercial ruthenium red is often purified by a single recrystallization as described by Luft, J.H. (1971) Anat Rec 171, 347–368, which yields small amounts of material having an apparent molar extinction coefficient of 67,400 at 533 nm. A simple modification to the procedure dramatically improves the yield, allowing crystallization to be repeated. Three times recrystallized ruthenium red has an apparent extinction coefficient of 85,900, the highest value reported to date. Both crude and highly purified ruthenium red can be shown to inhibit reverse activity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (uncoupled mitochondria), provided that care is taken to minimize and account for Ca2+ release through the permeability transition pore. Crude ruthenium red is 7–10 fold more potent than the highly purified material in this regard, on an actual ruthenium red concentration basis. The same relative potency is seen against forward uniport (coupled mitochondria), however, the I50 values are 10 fold lower for both the crude and purified preparations. These data demonstrate unambiguously that the energy state of mitochondria affects the sensitivity of the Ca2+ uniporter to ruthenium red preparations, and that both the forward and reverse reactions are subject to complete inhibition. The data suggest, however, that the active inhibitor may not be ruthenium redper se, but one or more of the other ruthenium complexes which are present in ruthenium red preparations.Abbreviations CCP
carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone
- CSA
cyclosporin A
- Hepes
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid 相似文献
32.
PIR-International is an association of macromolecular sequence data collection centers dedicated to fostering international cooperation as an essential element in the development of scientific databases. A major objective of PIR-International is to continue the development of the Protein Sequence Database as an essential public resource for protein sequence information. This paper briefly describes the architecture of the Protein Sequence Database and how it and associated data sets are distributed and can be accessed electronically. 相似文献
33.
Fine mapping of the Autosomal Dominant Split Hand/Split Foot Locus on Chromosome 7, Band q21.3-q22.1 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Stephen W. Scherer Parvoneh Poorkaj Todd Allen Julia Kim Dorrit Geshuri Mark Nunes Sylvia Soder Karen Stephens Roberta A. Pagon Michael A. Patton Mary Anne Berg Tim Donlon Horacio Rivera R. A. Pfeiffer Kenji Naritomi Helen Hughes Maurizio Genuardi Fiorella Gurrieri Giovanni Neri Everett Lovrein Ellen Magenis Lap-Chee Tsui James P. Evans 《American journal of human genetics》1994,55(1):12-20
Split hand/split foot (SHFD) is a human developmental defect characterized by missing digits, fusion of remaining digits, and a deep median cleft in the hands and feet. Cytogenetic studies of deletions and translocations associated with this disorder have indicated that an autosomal dominant split hand/split foot locus (gene SHFD1) maps to 7q21-q22. To characterize the SHFD1 locus, somatic cell hybrid lines were constructed from cytogenetically abnormal individuals with SHFD. Molecular analysis resulted in the localization of 93 DNA markers to one of 10 intervals surrounding the SHFD1 locus. The translocation breakpoints in four SHFD patients were encompassed by the smallest region of overlap among the SHFD-associated deletions. The order of DNA markers in the SHFD1 critical region has been defined as PON–D7S812–SHFD1–D7S811–ASNS. One DNA marker, D7S811, detected altered restriction enzyme fragments in three patients with translocations when examined by pulsed-field gel electro-phoresis (PFGE). These data map SHFD1, a gene that is crucial for human limb differentiation, to a small interval in the q21.3-q22.1 region of human chromosome 7. 相似文献
34.
R. Hao D. R. Cerutis H. S. Blaxall J. F. Rodriguez-Sierra R. F. Pfeiffer M. Ebadi 《Neurochemical research》1994,19(6):761-767
Metallothionein (MT) isoforms I and II were first identified and characterized in our laboratories in several regions of brain, in hippocampal neurons in primary culture, and in retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. In this study, by having employed the MT-I cDNA as a probe, we sought to gain additional insight about the function of MT by discerning the regional distribution of its mRNA. Northern blot analyses of brain mRNA revealed that the administration of zinc enhanced dramatically MT-I mRNA (570 bp). The in situ hybridization study revealed that MT-I mRNA was located in several areas of brain, with the highest concentrations found in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and ventricles. The results of these studies are interpreted to suggest that zinc enhances the synthesis of MT mRNA and MT in turn may participate in zinc associated functions in neurons.Abbreviations MT-I
Metallothionein I isoform
- mRNA
Messenger ribonucleic acid
-
35S dCTP
35S Deoxycytidine triphosphate
-
32P dCTP
32P Deoxycytidine triphosphate
- icv
Intracerebroventricularly
- IP
Intraperitoneally
- PBS
Paraformaldehyde phosphate buffered saline solution
- Tris
2 amino-2-hydroxymethylpropane-1,3 diol
- EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- cDNA
Complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid
- bp
Base pair 相似文献
35.
36.
Oxidative stress, resulting either from excess generation or reduced scavenging of free radicals, has been proposed to play a role in damaging striatal neurons in Parkinson's disease. Since metallothionein is able to regulate the intracellular redox potential, we have undertaken a group of experiments to see whether or not 6-hydroxydopamine, which generates free radicals and is toxic to dopaminergic neurons, could alter the level of zinc and metallothionein. 6-Hydroxydopamine (8 μg in 4 μl 0.02% ascorbic acid) reduced the level of zinc and metallothionein in the striatum but not other brain regions tested. Dopamine plus selegiline increased the synthesis of metallothionein in Chang cells as judged by enhanced incorporation of [35S]cysteine into metallothionein. The effect of dopamine was selective, in that dopamine could not stimulate the synthesis of metallothionein in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells, which are devoid of dopaminergic receptors. The effect of dopamine in stimulating the synthesis of metallothionein was similar to that of zinc, known to generate the synthesis of metallothionein, and to that of H2O2 and FeS04, known to generate free radicals. The results of these experiments provide additional evidence that zinc or zinc metallothionein are altered in conditions where oxidative stress has taken place. 相似文献
37.
Pfeiffer CJ Gass GH 《Canadian journal of comparative medicine and veterinary science》1963,27(3):69-70
By utilizing ordinary laboratory equipment and a spherical feces-urine separator, a simple, inexpensive metabolism cage for small mammals can be constructed. A hardware cloth animal cage over a cylindrical battery jar containing a spherical feces-urine separator affords the following advantages not commonly found in commercial metabolism cages: 1) complete separation of feces and urine through minimal contact, 2) minimal evaporation of urine due to proximity of storage vessel and lack of exogenous air currents, and 3) extremely low cost of less than five dollars. The metabolism cage is designed to allow measurement of fluid intake, and to separate and collect feces and urine for numerous qualitative and quantitative determinations. In addition, the metabolism cage permits observation of the animal, feces, and urine at all times, is readily cleaned or sterilized, and is easily fashioned from common laboratory equipment. 相似文献
38.
Phospholipid vesicles loaded with Quin-2 and 2'',7''-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) have been used to investigate the effects of pH conditions on Ca2+ transport catalyzed by ionophores A23187, 4-BrA23187, and ionomycin. At an external pH of 7.0, a delta pH (inside basic) of 0.4-0.6 U decreases the rate of Ca2+ transport into the vesicles by severalfold under some conditions. The apparent extent of transport is also decreased. In contrast, raising the pH by 0.4-0.6 U in the absence of a delta pH increases both of these parameters, although by smaller factors. The relatively large effects of a delta pH on the transport properties of Ca2+ ionophores seem to reflect a partial equilibration of the transmembrane ionophore distribution with the H+ concentration gradient across the vesicle membrane. This unequal distribution of ionophore can cause a very slow or incomplete ionophore-dependent equilibration of delta pCa with delta pH. A second factor of less certain origin retards full equilibration of delta pCa when delta pH = 0. These findings call into question several ionophore-based methods that are used to investigate the regulatory activities of Ca2+ and other divalent cations in biological systems. Notable among these are the null-point titration method for determining the concentration of free cations within cells and the use of ionophores plus external cation buffers to calibrate intracellular cation indicators. The present findings also indicate that the transport mode of Ca2+ ionophores is more strictly electroneutral than was thought, based upon previous studies. 相似文献
39.
W. H. H. Krueger G. E. Gonye D. L. Madison K. E. Murray M. Kumar N. Spoerel S. E. Pfeiffer 《Journal of neurochemistry》1997,69(4):1343-1355
Abstract: Although the myelin membrane contains only a small set of major proteins, more sensitive assays indicate the presence of a plethora of uncharacterized proteins. We have used an antibody perturbation approach to reversibly block the differentiation of prooligodendroblasts into myelinating cells, and, in combination with a differential screening procedure, identified novel mRNAs that are activated during this period. One cDNA, TPO1, recognizes a 5.5-kb mRNA that is strongly up-regulated in oligodendrocytes after release of the differentiation block and that is expressed at high levels in brain tissue during active myelination. This cDNA represents at least two mRNAs differing from each other in their 5'-termini. The TPO1 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1,380 bp, encoding a protein of 51.8 kDa with a predicted pl of 9.1 that contains two regions homologous to nonclassic zinc finger motifs. Subcellular localization studies suggest the enriched presence of TPO1 in spherical structures along the major cytoplasmic processes of oligodendrocytes. TPO1, along with homologues expressed in testis, placenta, and PC12 cells, form a novel family of proteins with multiple hydrophobic domains possibly serving as membrane spanning regions. We postulate that in oligodendrocytes, TPO1 encodes a protein factor involved in myelin biogenesis. 相似文献
40.
Comparison of the killer toxin of several yeasts and the purification of a toxin of type K2 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A total of 13 killer toxin producing strains belonging to the genera Saccharomyces, Candida and Pichia were tested against each other and against a sensitive yeast strain. Based on the activity of the toxins 4 different toxins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 different toxins of Pichia and one toxin of Candida were recognized. The culture filtrate of Pichia and Candida showed a much smaller activity than the strains of Saccharomyces. Extracellular killer toxins of 3 types of Saccharomyces were concentrated and partially purified. The pH optimum and the isoelectric point were determined. The killer toxins of S. cerevisiae strain NCYC 738, strain 399 and strain 28 were glycoproteins and had a molecular weight of Mr=16,000. The amino acid composition of the toxin type K2 of S. cerevisiae strain 399 was determined and compared with the composition of two other toxins. 相似文献