全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1766篇 |
免费 | 126篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 71篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 36篇 |
2018年 | 53篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 72篇 |
2015年 | 102篇 |
2014年 | 105篇 |
2013年 | 128篇 |
2012年 | 173篇 |
2011年 | 147篇 |
2010年 | 86篇 |
2009年 | 95篇 |
2008年 | 93篇 |
2007年 | 106篇 |
2006年 | 84篇 |
2005年 | 85篇 |
2004年 | 69篇 |
2003年 | 47篇 |
2002年 | 52篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1892条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
102.
103.
Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos Claudia Helena Lovato da Silva Raphael Freitas De Souza Karina Matthes de Freitas Pontes 《Gerodontology》2010,27(1):33-40
doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00285.x Evaluation of three indices for biofilm accumulation on complete dentures Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of three complete denture biofilm indices (Prosthesis Hygiene Index; Jeganathan et al. Index; Budtz‐Jørgensen Index) by means of a computerised comparison method. Background: Clinical studies into denture hygiene have employed a large number of biofilm indices among their outcome variables. However, the knowledge about the validity of these indices is still scarce. Materials and methods: Sixty‐two complete denture wearers were selected. The internal surfaces of the upper complete dentures were stained (5% erythrosine) and photographed. The slides were projected on paper, and the biofilm indices were applied over the photos by means of a scoring method. For the computerised method, the areas (total and biofilm‐covered) were measured by dedicated software (Image Tool). In addition, to compare the results of the computerised method and Prosthetic Hygiene Index, a new scoring scale (including four and five graded) was introduced. For the Jeganathan et al. and Budtz‐Jørgensen indices, the original scales were used. Values for each index were compared with the computerised method by the Friedman test. Their reproducibility was measured by means of weighed κ. Significance for both tests was set at 0.05. Results: The indices tested provided similar mean measures but they tended to overestimate biofilm coverage when compared with the computerised method (p < 0.001). Agreement between the Prosthesis Hygiene Index and the computerised method was not significant, regardless of the scale used. Jeghanathan et al. Index showed weak agreement, and consistent results were found for Budtz‐Jorgensen Index (κ = 0.19 and 0.39 respectively). Conclusion: Assessment of accuracy for the biofilm indices showed instrument bias that was similar among the tested methods. Weak inter‐instrument reproducibility was found for the indices, except for the Budtz‐Jørgensen Index. This should be the method of choice for clinical studies when more sophisticated approaches are not possible. 相似文献
104.
Microbial communities and chemical changes during fermentation of sugary Brazilian kefir 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Karina Teixeira Magalhães G. V. de M. Pereira Disney Ribeiro Dias Rosane Freitas Schwan 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(7):1241-1250
The microorganisms associated with sugary Brazilian kefir beverage were investigated using a combination of culture-dependent
and -independent methods. A total of 289 bacteria and 129 yeasts were identified via phenotypic and genotypic methods. Lb. paracasei (23.8%) was the major bacterial isolate identified, followed by Acetobacter
lovaniensis (16.31%), Lactobacillus parabuchneri (11.71%), Lactobacillus kefir (10.03%) and Lactococcus lactis (10.03%). Saccharomyces cerevisiae (54.26%) and Kluyveromyces lactis (20.15%) were the most common yeast species isolated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microbiota was dominated
by lemon-shaped yeast cells growing in close association with Lactobacillus (long and curved). Some lactic acid bacteria detected by sequence analysis of DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)
bands were not recovered at any time through fermentation by plating. Conversely, DGGE fingerprints did not reveal bands corresponding
to some of the species isolated by culturing methods. The bacteria Acetobacter lovaniensis and the yeast Kazachstania aerobia are described for the first time in sugary kefir. During the 24 h of fermentation, the concentration of lactic acid ranged
from 0.2 to 1.80 mg/ml, and that of acetic acid increased from 0.08 to 1.12 mg/ml. The production of ethanol was limited,
reaching a final mean value of 1.24 mg/ml. 相似文献
105.
Lívia Santos Lima Karina Peres Gramacho José Luis Pires Didier Clement Uilson Vanderlei Lopes Nicolas Carels Abelmon da Silva Gesteira Fernanda Amato Gaiotto Júlio Cézar de Mattos Cascardo Fabienne Micheli 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(5):663-676
In this study, we report results of the detection and analysis of SSR markers derived of cacao–Moniliophthora perniciosa expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in relation to cacao resistance to witches’ broom disease (WBD), and we compare the polymorphism
of those ESTs (EST-simple sequence repeat (SSR)) with classical neutral SSR markers. A total of 3,487 ESTs was used in this
investigation. SSRs were identified in 430 sequences: 277 from the resistant genotype TSH 1188 and 153 from the susceptible
one Catongo, totalizing 505 EST-SSRs with three types of motifs: dinucleotides (72.1%), trinucleotides (27.3%), and tetranucleotides
(0.6%). EST-SSRs were classified into 16 main categories; most of the EST-SSRs belonged to “Unknown function” and “No homology”
categories (45.82%). A high frequency of SSRs was found in the 5’UTR and in the ORF (about 27%) and a low frequency was observed
in the 3’UTR (about 8%). Forty-nine EST-SSR primers were designed and evaluated in 21 cacao accessions, 12 revealed polymorphism,
having 47 alleles in total, with an average of 3.92 alleles per locus. On the other hand, the 11 genomic SSR markers revealed
a total of 47 alleles, with an average of 5.22 alleles per locus. The association of EST-SSR with the genomic SSR enhanced
the analysis of genetic distance among the genotypes. Among the 12 polymorphic EST-SSR markers, two were mapped on the F2 Sca 6 × ICS 1 population reference for WBD resistance. 相似文献
106.
Rituraj Pal Karina Schnittker 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2010,392(4):567-571
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), the chief endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident oxidoreductase chaperone that catalyzes maturation of disulfide-bond-containing proteins is involved in the pathogenesis of both Parkinson’s (PD) and Alzheimer’s (AD) diseases. S-nitrosylation of PDI cysteines due to nitrosative stress is associated with cytosolic debris accumulation and Lewy-body aggregates in PD and AD brains. We demonstrate that the polyphenolic phytochemicals curcumin and masoprocol can rescue PDI from becoming S-nitrosylated and maintain its catalytic function under conditions mimicking nitrosative stress by forming stable NOx adducts. Furthermore, both polyphenols intervene to prevent the formation of PDI-resistant polymeric misfolded protein forms that accumulate upon exposure to oxidative stress. Our study suggests that curcumin and masoprocol can serve as lead-candidate prophylactics for reactive oxygen species induced chaperone damage, protein misfolding and neurodegenerative disease; importantly, they can play a vital role in sustaining traffic along the ER’s secretory pathway by preserving functional integrity of PDI. 相似文献
107.
108.
Janaína A Couto Karina LA Saraiva Cleiton D Barros Daniel P Udrisar Christina A Peixoto Juliany SB César Vieira Maria C Lima Suely L Galdino Ivan R Pitta Maria I Wanderley 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2010,8(1):13
Background
The present study was designed to examine the effect of chronic treatment with rosiglitazone - thiazolidinedione used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for its insulin sensitizing effects - on the Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity and expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in normal adult rats. 相似文献109.
Matthew Edward Rogers Karina Corware Ingrid Müller Paul Andrew Bates 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2010,12(11):875-879
We demonstrate that a proteophosphoglycan-rich gel secreted by Leishmania infantum inside the midgut of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (promastigote secretory gel) is regurgitated along with an average dose of 500 L. infantum metacyclic promastigotes per infected bite. Using both low (103) and high (105) doses of parasites in the ears of BALB/c mice we show that the infections benefit from the presence of vector saliva and parasite gel in the skin. However, chronic infection of the spleen was only enhanced in high dose co-infections with gel. These results provide the framework for a more natural experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis. 相似文献
110.
Smirnova AS Ferreira-Silva KC Mine KL Andrade-Oliveira V Shulzhenko N Gerbase-DeLima M Morgun A 《Immunogenetics》2007,59(1):93-98
Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been investigated regarding association with gene expression levels or
human diseases. Although different SNPs within one gene are frequently analyzed individually, it is highly probable that in
the majority of the cases, a precise combination of SNP alleles, i.e., haplotype, determines a functional trait. Methods commonly
used for haplotype determination, involving studies in families, cloning, or somatic cell hybrids, are expensive and time-consuming.
We herein suggest a novel and simple strategy for haplotype determination, involving selective haplotype depletion with a
restriction enzyme, followed by sequencing. We studied 11 LTA gene polymorphisms in 102 Brazilian individuals, and we applied this novel methodology for haplotyping 67 out of 70 LTA heterozygous individuals. We concluded that the method is rapid and efficient, and, as it includes only simple and widespread-used
techniques, it could be used in most of the laboratories without further investment in equipments. The wider usage of haplotyping
could be important to clarify contradictory results frequently observed among studies that focus on a single SNP.
Maria Gerbase-DeLima and Andrey Morgun are co-senior authors. 相似文献