全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5118篇 |
免费 | 463篇 |
专业分类
5581篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 75篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 72篇 |
2018年 | 77篇 |
2017年 | 74篇 |
2016年 | 140篇 |
2015年 | 233篇 |
2014年 | 282篇 |
2013年 | 332篇 |
2012年 | 395篇 |
2011年 | 355篇 |
2010年 | 249篇 |
2009年 | 248篇 |
2008年 | 325篇 |
2007年 | 311篇 |
2006年 | 328篇 |
2005年 | 329篇 |
2004年 | 303篇 |
2003年 | 237篇 |
2002年 | 246篇 |
2001年 | 65篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 55篇 |
1998年 | 83篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 37篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 44篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有5581条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
11.
It is an accepted hypothesis that the nerve growth factor protein (NGF) plays an important role in the development of vertebrate sympathetic and sensory ganglia and has effects on some central neurons. The best known NGF species is that isolated from the mouse submaxillary gland, MSG-NGF. MSG-NGF can be isolated as a subunit containing protein, 7S-NGF, made up of three dissimilar subunits called alpha-, beta-, and gamma-NGF. Beta-NGF is the biologically active subunit and its synthesis in vivo and in vitro has been demonstrated. Less is known about the synthesis of the alpha- and gamma-NGF or the assembly of the subunits into the 7S complex. In order to develop a clonal model system for the study of NGF synthesis, processing and secretion, affinity chromatography techniques were applied to cell extracts of S180 mouse sarcoma, a cell line known to synthesize NGF. After incubating S180 cells in35S-Methionine, cell extracts were exposed to antibody directed against alpha-NGF, gamma-NGF or beta-NGF covalently bound to Sepharose beads in order to elute and characterize the desired NGF subunits. Parallel experiments using immunoabsorbed [35S]Methionine-beta-NGF were carried out in the presence or absence of excess NGF, in order to demonstrate the specificity of this procedure. Affinity chromatography with a substrate analogue to arginine ester bound to Sepharose beads was also used to isolate de novo synthesized gamma-NGF. We were able to show that the S180 line synthesized alpha-, beta-, and gamma-NGF indistiguishable from alpha-, beta-, and gamma-NGF isolated from mouse submaxillary gland in terms of antigenic and physicochemical properties, and biological and enzymatic activities. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NGF is synthesized, assembled and secreted by a single cell type.Special Issue dedicated to Dr. E. M. Shooter and Dr. S. Varon. 相似文献
12.
Manickam Sugumaran Karin Schinkmann Hemalata Dali 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》1990,14(2):93-109
The mechanism of oxidation of 1,2-dehydro-N-acetyldopamine (dehydro NADA) was examined to resolve the controversy between our group and Andersen's group regarding the reactive species involved in β-sclerotization. While Andersen has indicated that dehydro NADA quinone is the β-sclerotizing agent [Andersen, 1989], we have proposed quinone methides as the reactive species for this process [Sugumaran, 1987; Sugumaran, 1988]. Since dehydro NADA quinone has not been isolated or identified till to date, we studied the enzymatic oxidation of dehydro NADA in the presence of quinone traps to characterize this intermediate. Accordingly, both N-acetylcysteine and o-phenylenediamine readily trapped the transiently formed dehydro NADA quinone as quinone adducts. Interestingly, when the enzymatic oxidation was performed in the presence of o-aminophenol or different catechols, adduct formation between the dehydro NADA side chain and the additives had occurred. The structure of the adducts is in conformity with the generation and reactions of dehydro NADA quinone methide (or its radical). This, coupled with the fact that 4-hydroxyl or amino-substituted quinones instantly transformed into p-quinonoid structure, indicates that dehydro NADA quinone is only a transient intermediate and that it is the dehydro NADA quinone methide that is the thermodynamically stable product. However, since this compound is chemically more reactive due to the presence of both quinone methide and acylimine structure on it, the two side chain carbon atoms are “activated.” Based on these considerations, it is suggested that the quinone methide derived from dehydro NADA is the reactive species responsible for cross-link formation between dehydro NADA and cuticular components during β-sclerotization. 相似文献
13.
Human metallothionein genes: structure of the functional locus at 16q13 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
The functional human metallothionein (MT) genes are located on chromosome 16q13. We have physically mapped the functional human MT locus by isolation and restriction digest mapping of cloned DNA. The mapped region contains all sequences on chromosome 16 that hybridize to metallothionein gene probes and comprises 14 tightly linked MT genes, 6 of which have not been previously described. This analysis defines the genetic limits of metallothionein functional diversity in the human genome. 相似文献
14.
Localized insertion of new S-layer during growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus strains 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Bacillus stearothermophilus strains PV 72 and ATCC 12980 carry a crystalline surface layer (S-layer) with hexagonal (p6) and oblique (p2) symmetry, respectively. Sites of insertions of new subunits into the regular lattice during cell growth have been determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and the protein A/colloidal gold technique.During S-layer growth on both bacillus strains the following common features were noted: 1. shedding of intact S-layer or turnover of individual subunits was not seen; 2. new S-layer was deposited in helically-arranged bands over the cylindrical surface of the cell at a pitch angle related to the orientation of the lattice vectors of the crystalline array; 3. little or no S-layer was inserted into pre-existing S-layer at the poles, and 4. septal regions and, subsequently, newly formed cell poles were covered with new S-layer protein. 相似文献
15.
16.
Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of a new sedative/analgesic (medetomidine) as a preanaesthetic drug in the dog. A study was carried out to investigate the possible usefulness of medetomidine (Farmos Group, Turku, Finland) for premedication prior to general anaesthesia with thiopental sodium and halothane. The main emphasis was laid on the circulatory and respiratory effects of medetomidine. Dogs treated with xylazine (2 mg/kg) or placebo (physiological saline solution) served as controls. Medetomidine caused a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate at all dose levels tested. These decreases were essentially dose -dependent, but there were great individual variations. It is concluded that the drug can be useful for premedication at the lowest dose level tested (10 μ/kg). The sedative effect, however, is so strong that an even lower dose might be sufficient for the present purpose. 相似文献
17.
Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a newly established neuroblastoma cell line LS 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Günter Rudolph Karin Schilbach-Stückle Rupert Handgretinger Peter Kaiser Horst Hameister 《Human genetics》1991,86(6):562-566
Summary A new human neuroblastoma cell line (LS) that originated from an abdominal tumor of a 16-month-old girl is presented; it was classified, according to Evans, as being stage III. Morphological (dense-core particles) and biochemical characteristics (dopamine--hydroxylase, acetylcholinesterase, neuron-specific-enolase) confirmed the diagnosis. In addition to a slightly variable modal chromosome number of 48 or 49 (because of marker-chromosomes and autosomal trisomies), cytogenetic analysis revealed two constantly appearing chromosomes with homogeneously stained regions (HSR's). The karyo-type remained constant over 50 passages in vitro [49,XX, –12,+der5, + 17,+mar1,+mar2]. Double minutes were a rare phenomenon and appeared only in a few metaphases. In situ hybridization showed that some of the HSR's consisted of amplified N-myc copies. The distribution of the N-myc copies according to in situ hybridization signals along the HSR's was compared with the data of Southern and Northern blotting analyses. 相似文献
18.
Using different independent procedures for assaying soluble auxin-binding in etiolated pea epicotyls, wo could prove the reliability
of the (XH4)2SO4-pelleting assay both for crude cytosols as well as for specific protein fractions obtained after chromatofocusing. Three
distinct genotypes (two parent lines, one tall recombinant) investigated so far exhibit characteristic differences with respect
to soluble auxin-binding kinetics in their cytosols. 相似文献
19.
ESCHERICHIA COLI Rho Factor Is Involved in Lysis of Bacteriophage T4-Infected Cells 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
A Rid (Rho interaction deficient) phenotype of bacteriophage T4 mutants was defined by cold-sensitive restriction (lack of plaque formation) on rho+ hosts carrying additional polar mutations in unrelated genes, coupled to suppression (plaque formation) in otherwise isogenic strains carrying either a polarity-suppressing rho or a multicopy plasmid expressing the rho+ allele. This suggests that the restriction may be due to lower levels of Rho than what is available to T4 in the suppressing strains.--Rid394 X 4 was isolated upon hydroxylamine mutagenesis and mapped in the t gene; other t mutants (and mot, as well as dda dexA double mutants) also showed a Rid phenotype. In liquid culture in strains that restricted plaque formation Rid394 X 4 showed strong lysis inhibition (a known t- phenotype) but no prolonged phage production (another well-known t- phenotype). This implies that when Rho is limiting the t mutant shuts off phage production at the normal time. Lysis inhibition was partially relieved, and phage production prolonged to varying extents depending on growth conditions in strains that allowed plaque formation. No significant effect on early gene expression were found. Apparently, both mutant (polarity-suppressing) and wild-type Rho can function in prolonging phage production and partially relieving lysis inhibition of Rid394 X 4 when present at a sufficiently high level, and Rho may play other role(s) in T4 development than in early gene regulation. 相似文献
20.