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991.
We previously observed that disruption of FK506‐binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) gene resulted in cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. Studies showed that overexpression of FKBP12.6 attenuated thoracic aortic constriction (TAC)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, whereas the adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of FKBP12.6 induced hypertrophy and apoptosis in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, indicating that the role of FKBP12.6 in cardiac hypertrophy is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of FKBP12.6 in angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy using various transgenic mouse models in vivo and in vitro. FKBP12.6 knockout (FKBP12.6?/?) mice and cardiac‐specific FKBP12.6 overexpressing (FKBP12.6 TG) mice were infused with AngII (1500 ng/kg/min) for 14 days subcutaneously by implantation of an osmotic mini‐pump. The results showed that FKBP12.6 deficiency aggravated AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, while cardiac‐specific overexpression of FKBP12.6 prevented hearts from the hypertrophic response to AngII stimulation in mice. Consistent with the results in vivo, overexpression of FKBP12.6 in H9c2 cells significantly repressed the AngII‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, seen as reductions in the cell sizes and the expressions of hypertrophic genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the protection of FKBP12.6 on AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy was involved in reducing the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), in which the protein significantly inhibited the key Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent signalling pathways such as calcineurin/cardiac form of nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 (NFATc4), calmodulin kinaseII (CaMKII)/MEF‐2, AKT/Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/NFATc4 and AKT/mTOR signalling pathways. Our study demonstrated that FKBP12.6 protects heart from AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin‐mediated signalling pathways.  相似文献   
992.
该研究分别以喀斯特地区的酸性土和石灰土为盆栽基质,对金橘分别接种摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,F.m)或幼套近明囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum,C.e),采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)等技术研究AMF对金橘根际细菌群落多样性及植株生长的影响。结果表明:与不接种处理相比,同类型土中分别接种C.e或F.m,金橘根际菌根侵染率相关指标(F、m、v)值均为C.e处理的最高,C.e或F.m处理后金橘根际土壤中蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶及脲酶活性均显著提高。其中,蛋白酶和脲酶活性变化为石灰土中各处理酶活性值高于酸性土,蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性变化则为酸性土中各处理酶活性值高于石灰土,差异均达显著水平(P0.05);两种土壤中上述四种土壤酶活性均为C.e处理的值最高;接种C.e或F.m后,金橘根际土壤细菌的DGGE图谱中,DNA条带数增多,其细菌丰富度(R)、多样性(H)和均匀度(E)指数均比不接种处理高,三种指数值均以C.e处理的最高。细菌DNA优势条带序列分析结果表明:与优势细菌同源性最高的大部分为不可培养细菌,包括酸酐菌属、变形杆菌属、根瘤菌属和放线菌属等,相似性均大于97%。此外,接种后,金橘整株生物量比不接种处理显著提高,而酸性土中接种C.e处理的金橘生物量最高。综上所述,C.e和F.m均能与金橘建立良好的共生关系,且C.e对金橘根系的侵染效果更好。  相似文献   
993.
As deforestation and land-use/land-cover change advance in tropical forest regions, an understanding of how plants adjust phenology and reproductive dynamics to altered landscapes can provide insights into plasticity, productivity, and population persistence. We compared the reproductive phenology, sex expression, and flower and fruit production of two monoecious Amazonian palms, Attalea phalerata and Attalea speciosa, in old-growth forest and as remnant trees growing in actively grazed pastures. Using 2 years of phenology data collected from natural populations near Vila Extrema, Rondônia, and eastern Acre, Brazil, we compared flowering and fruiting in the two habitats and tested for effects of palm height, crown size, and light availability on inflorescence and sex expression. Forest conversion to pasture stimulated greater overall flowering and fruiting in individual Attalea palms. As a population, remnant pasture palms continuously bore flowers and fruits year-round, while forest palms flowered seasonally in isolated peaks with consecutive months of inactivity. Crown size and greater light exposure affected flowering and fruiting dynamics in A. phalerata and A. speciosa, respectively, and increased light availability shifted A. speciosa sex expression towards greater female investment, primarily through regulation of sex determination and bud abortion. Removal of tropical forest does not always lead to the downfall of remnant tree populations, and under favorable conditions, such as abandonment of cropland and pasture, higher levels of reproduction can facilitate recovery of future generations. Tree species with flexible sex expression may be particularly resilient in the face of land-use and land-cover change.  相似文献   
994.
肿瘤干细胞样细胞具有自我更新、无限增殖和多向分化能力,且受到长非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs)的调控。长非编码RNA HOTAIR在人胃癌细胞中表达升高,且具有调控功能。但目前对其在胃癌干细胞样细胞中的功能尚无研究。本研究的目的是探讨胃癌肿瘤干细胞中HOTAIR对肿瘤恶性行为的调控作用。本研究采用无血清培养基在补充细胞因子条件下培养SGC-7901细胞,获得悬浮生长的肿瘤干细胞样细胞微球,检测微球细胞的表面特征因子CD44、CD24及HOTAIR的表达量变化;并通过CCK-8、流式细胞分析及ELISA等技术探讨了HOTAIR对肿瘤干细胞样细胞功能调控作用。结果表明,无血清培养基中获得的肿瘤干细胞样细胞具有自我更新能力,其可连续传代细胞微球的比率为4.75%±0.76%;RT-qPCR检测显示,相对于SGC-7901细胞,肿瘤干细胞样细胞中的HOTAIR表达量明显升高;通过慢病毒干扰技术发现,HOTAIR干扰抑制了HLA-G蛋白分泌、促进肿瘤干细胞样细胞的细胞周期推进、细胞增殖和自我更新能力维持。本研究提示,胃癌细胞系SGC-7901中的肿瘤干细胞样细胞中HOTAIR表达量升高,并可能通过促进肿瘤干细胞样细胞干性调控肿瘤恶性行为。  相似文献   
995.
甘玲  刘喜龙  何宁佳 《昆虫学报》2015,58(7):706-711
【目的】咽侧体抑制素在昆虫体内具有重要的调控功能。本研究比较了家蚕Bombyx mori C-型咽侧体抑制素(allatostatin C,AST-C)与促前胸腺激素释放激素(prothoracicotropic hormone,PTTH)基因在不同发育阶段家蚕脑组织中转录表达的模式及其在脑组织的表达定位,以期为家蚕AST-C的功能研究提供重要的线索。【方法】利用脑组织芯片数据分析比较AST-C和PTTH基因在家蚕脑组织中的发育表达特征,RT-PCR验证其芯片数据,分析AST-C在不同发育阶段家蚕中枢神经系统中的表达模式,并用全组织包埋原位杂交技术对AST-C和PTTH在脑组织的表达进行定位。【结果】AST-C和PTTH在不同发育阶段家蚕脑组织中有相似的转录表达模式,且都在脑组织外侧一对神经分泌细胞中表达。【结论】AST-C可能与PTTH以相同的转录表达模式共同参与家蚕的变态发育调控。  相似文献   
996.
艾青  葛璞  代洁  梁天才  杨青  林玲  张力 《生理学报》2015,(1):97-102
本文旨在通过观察过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)抑制剂氨基三唑(aminotriazole,ATZ)对酒精诱导的急性肝损伤的影响,初步探讨CAT在酒精性肝损伤中的可能作用。以雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠为实验对象,采用酒精腹腔注射诱导急性肝损伤,在造模前30 min腹腔注射不同剂量ATZ(100~400 mg/kg)或相同体积溶剂(对照)。造模24 h后,检测大鼠血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平,用HE染色法观察肝组织病理改变程度,用试剂盒检测肝组织内CAT活性、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)水平及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,ELISA法检测血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)及白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平。结果显示,ATZ处理可剂量依赖性降低酒精暴露大鼠血浆中ALT、AST及LDH水平,并减轻酒精诱导的肝组织病理损伤;ATZ可抑制酒精暴露大鼠肝组织内CAT活性、降低H2O2水平及MDA含量;ATZ也可下调酒精暴露大鼠血浆中TNF-α和IL-6水平。以上结果表明,ATZ可减轻酒精诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤,提示CAT可能在酒精性肝损伤中发挥了重要的致病作用。  相似文献   
997.
Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor, controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mono-nuclear phagocytes and regulates cells of the female reproductive tract. It appears to play an autocrine and/or paracrine role in cancers of the ovary, endometrium, breast, and myeloid and lymphoid tissues. Through alternative mRNA splicing and differential post-translational proteolytic processing, CSF-1 can either be secreted into the circulation as a glycoprotein or chondroitin sulfate-containing proteoglycan or be expressed as a membrane-spanning glycoprotein on the surface of CSF-1-producing cells. Studies with the op/op mouse, which possesses an inactivating mutation in the CSF-1 gene, have established the central role of CSF-1 in directly regulating osteoclastogenesis and macrophage production. CSF-1 appears to preferentially regulate the development of macrophages found in tissues undergoing active morphogenesis and/or tissue remodeling. These CSF-1 dependent macrophages may, via putative trophic and/or scavenger functions, regulate characteristics such as dermal thickness, male fertility, and neural processing. Apart from its expression on mononuclear phagocytes and their precursors, CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) expression on certain nonmononuclear phagocytic cells in the female reproductive tract and studies in the op/op mouse indicate that CSF-1 plays important roles in female reproduction. Restoration of circulating CSF-1 to op/op mice has preliminarily defined target cell populations that are regulated either humorally or locally by the synthesis of cell-surface CSF-1 or by sequestration of the CSF-1 proteoglycan. The CSF-1R is a tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene product. Studies by several groups have used cells expressing either the murine or human CSF-1R in fibroblasts to pinpoint the requirement of kinase activity and the importance of various receptor tyrosine phosphorylation sites for signaling pathways stimulated by CSF-1. To investigate post-CSF-1R signaling in the macrophage, proteins that are rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to CSF-1 have been identified, together with proteins associated with them. Studies on several of these proteins, including protein tyrosine phosphatase 1C, the c-cbl proto-oncogene product, and protein tyrosine phosphatase-phi are discussed. Mol Reprod Dev 46:4–10, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   
998.
Genetic variation is described at 15 loci in 2 neotenic and 12 nonneotenic populations of red-spotted newts. Though high levels of genetic similarity (I=0.990) were found among all populations, allele frequencies at six of the eight most polymorphic loci show significant heterogeneity across populations. Change in allele frequencies at two of these loci (Pep-2 and Ldh-1) is significantly correlated with latitude. Interspecific homologies are established for newt peptidases based on substrate specificities and lactate dehydrogenases based on tissue distribution, thermal stability, and kinetic properties. Nonneotenic populations are highly variable (H=0.157) and neotenic populations are only slightly, but significantly, less variable (H=0.120). The high levels of heterozygosity detected in nonneotenic populations may result from large effective population size and/or environmental heterogeneity. The unexpectedly high heterozygosity values obtained for the neotenic populations may indicate adult dispersal or the presence of some previously undetected red efts at these localities. In any case, a major change in life history has apparently had little effect on the genetic structure of these populations.This research was supported by grants from the Blakeslee Fund of Smith College.  相似文献   
999.
The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata causes brown spot diseases in many citrus cultivars. The FUS3 and SLT2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to be required for conidiation. Exogenous application of cAMP to this fungal pathogen decreased conidia formation considerably. This study determined whether a cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) is required for conidiation. Using loss-of-function mutations in PKA catalytic and regulatory subunit-coding genes, we demonstrated that PKA negatively regulates conidiation. Fungal mutants lacking PKA catalytic subunit gene (PKA cat ) reduced growth, lacked detectable PKA activity, and produced higher amounts of conidia compared to wild-type. Introduction of a functional copy of PKA cat into a null mutant partially restored PKA activity and produced wild-type level of conidia. In contrast, fungi lacking PKA regulatory subunit gene (PKA reg ) produced detectable PKA activity, exhibited severe growth reduction, formed swelling hyphal segments, and produced no mature conidia. Introduction of the PKA reg gene to a regulatory subunit mutant restored all phenotypes to wild type. PKA reg -null mutants induced fewer necrotic lesions on citrus compared to wild-type, whereas PKA cat mutant displayed wild-type virulence. Overall, our studies indicate that PKA and FUS3-mediated signaling pathways apparently have very different roles in the regulation of conidia production and A. alternata pathogenesis in citrus.  相似文献   
1000.
目的应用免疫组化技术和电生理技术记录心肌细胞/胶原复合体对心梗大鼠梗死周边区的有效不应期(ERP)及缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)改变,探讨梗死周边区的电偶联网络变化。方法将成年SD大鼠随机分组:假手术组、模型组、移植组。后2组制作心肌梗死动物模型,假手术组仅开胸,不结扎冠状动脉,移植组移植心肌细胞与胶原材料复合组织。结果①左室ERP变化:与假手术组相比,心梗组梗死周边区ERP显著延长(P〈0.01);移植组梗死周边区ERP延长,但较心梗阻ERP缩短,差异无显著性(P〉0.01)。②Cx43免疫组化结果:移植组Cx43阳性蛋白表达高于心梗组。结论移植的心肌细胞/胶原复合体移植可改善大鼠心肌梗死周边区缝隙连接电偶联网络,进而调控心肌细胞/胶原复合体与宿主心肌同步收缩。  相似文献   
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