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961.
There is growing support for the general notion that the drivers of invasion success often shift from biotic to abiotic factors
with increasing spatial scale. Most of this research, however, has been conducted on a single trophic level; i.e. it has primarily
looked at how the diversity of native competitors may influence invasion success. Less attention has been paid to understanding
how native prey diversity may influence the invasion success of exotic predators and whether such biotic factors are scale-dependent.
We used a hierarchical spatial survey of 17 stream communities to test whether native prey diversity, along with native prey
biomass, algal resource abundance and annual stream discharge, influenced the abundance of an exotic crayfish predator, and
whether the importance of these factors were scale-dependent. We used a hierarchical generalized linear model to evaluate
the influence of these community and stream characteristics on exotic crayfish abundance at both the transect scale (1 m2) and the stream scale (400 m2). Our results indicated that at the stream scale, high stream discharge significantly limited invader abundance. However,
at the smaller transect scale, native prey biomass was a significant driver of invasion success and positively correlated
with invader abundance. We suggest that our results add to the emerging pattern that abiotic processes are stronger determinants
of invasion success at large spatial scales, whereas biotic processes become more important with decreasing spatial scale.
However, for predator invasions, prey biomass, not prey diversity may be a more important for driver of invasion success at
small spatial scales. 相似文献
962.
Halil Erhan Eroğlu Ahmet Aksoy Ergin Hamzaoğlu Ümit Budak Sevil Albayrak 《Cytotechnology》2009,59(1):65-72
Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) species have been used in folk medicine for thousands of years in the world. The in vitro cytogenetic
effects in human lymphocytes of nine Helichrysum taxa used in Turkey folk medicine were investigated. Blood samples were obtained from healthy donors, non-smoking volunteers,
which were incubated and exposed to increasing concentrations of methanol extracts of Helichrysum taxa (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL). The inhibitory effects of H. stoechas (L.) Moench subsp. barrelieri (Ten.) Nyman, H. armenium DC. subsp. armenium, H. armenium DC. subsp. araxinum (Kirp.) Takht., H. plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum, H. compactum Boiss. and H. artvinense P.H.Davis & Kupicha on the mitotic index and replication index indicate that these taxa can have genotoxic and mutagenic
effects. They should therefore not be used freely in alternative medicine although their antiproliferative activity may suggest
anticarcinogenic properties. Increase effects of H. stoechas subsp. barrelieri, H. armenium subsp. armenium, H. armenium subsp. araxinum, H. chasmolycicum P.H.Davis, H. plicatum subsp. plicatum, H. compactum and H. artvinense on the micronucleus rates showed that these taxa can have genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. 相似文献
963.
Katrina Laks Tiina Kirsipuu Tuuli Dmitrijeva Andres Salumets Peep Palumaa 《The protein journal》2016,35(3):171-176
Biological fluid sample collection often includes the risk of blood contamination that may alter the proteomic profile of biological fluid. In proteomics studies, exclusion of contaminated samples is usually based on visual inspection and counting of red blood cells in the sample; analysis of specific blood derived proteins is less used. To fill the gap, we developed a fast and sensitive method for ascertainment of blood contamination in crude biological fluids, based on specific blood-derived protein, hemoglobin detection by MALDI-TOF MS. The MALDI-TOF MS based method allows detection of trace hemoglobin with the detection limit of 0.12 nM. UV-spectrometry, which was used as reference method, was found to be less sensitive. The main advantages of the presented method are that it is fast, effective, sensitive, requires very small sample amount and can be applied for detection of blood contamination in various biological fluids collected for proteomics studies. Method applicability was tested on human cerebrospinal and follicular fluid, which proteomes generally do not contain hemoglobin, however, which possess high risk for blood contamination. Present method successfully detected the blood contamination in 12 % of cerebrospinal fluid and 24 % of follicular fluid samples. High percentage of contaminated samples accentuates the need for initial inspection of proteomic samples to avoid incorrect results from blood proteome overlap. 相似文献
964.
965.
966.
Andrew Buskell 《Biology & philosophy》2016,31(3):435-446
Morin has written a rich and valuable book. Its main aim is to isolate the factors involved in maintaining behavioural lineages over time, and to understand how these factors might interact. In doing so, it takes issue with the abstract and idealised models and arguments of dual-inheritance theorists, which are alleged in this account to rely on an overly simplistic notion of imitative learning. Morin’s book is full of ethnographic, anthropological, and psychological research, and there is much to commend in it. However, Morin’s arguments against the dual-inheritance theorists are less convincing when put under scrutiny, and his positive picture which includes appeals to ostensive communication, intrinsic appeal and cultural attraction has some difficulties. I argue that when we contrast dual-inheritance theorists and Morin, we find that there may be fewer differences and greater commonalities than Morin’s book might suggest. 相似文献
967.
Torben Greve 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2004,45(Z1):S13
Xenotransplantation of organs from the large domestic species will only be successful if the donor animals have been genetically modified, in particular regarding the α-Gal epitope, certain human complements (CD55 and CD59) and/or H-transferase. This requires, among other things, major embryo-technological efforts, and the rate of success is still far from an acceptable level in the domestic species. It is currently poor, but the progress is very good. In this brief review certain embryo-technological problems will be addressed with the focus on the pig as potential organ donor. In addition, certain views of the Danish ad hoc Committee on Gene Technology on xenotransplantation will be presented in this context as they are supposed to mirror the concern and the views of the issues important for the public and each individual. 相似文献
968.
Molecular tools were used to evaluate the hybrid status of a specimen with intermediate colour pattern between Halichoeres bivittatus and Halichoeres garnoti from Belize. Phylogenetic analyses of the two species, eight Halichoeres species from new and old world lineages and two outgroups showed that the study species are closely related and that H. garnoti is the maternal contributor to the putative hybrid specimen, based on partial mitochondrial COI data. Direct sequencing of
Intron 1 of the nuclear ribosomal protein S7 identified H. bivittatus as sister to H. garnoti with the putative hybrid specimen in an intermediate position, due to heterozygosity at nucleotides alternatively fixed in
the two putative parent species. This is consistent with the hybrid status of the specimen, with parental contributions from
both H. garnoti and H. bivittatus. These results, combined with no evidence of introgression between the two parent species (based on the mtDNA and the single
investigated nuclear marker) and the biogeography and ecology of these species suggests that this is a rare event with minimal
evolutionary implications. 相似文献
969.
Karen A. Steidinger JoAnn M. Burkholder Howard B. Glasgow Cecil W. Hobbs Julie K. Garrett Earnest W. Truby Edward J. Noga Stephen A. Smith 《Journal of phycology》1996,32(1):157-164
The newly described toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida is a polymorphic and multiphasic species with flagellated, amoeboid, and cyst stages. The species is structurally a heterotroph; however, the flagellated stages can have cleptochloroplasts in large food vacuoles and can temporarily function as mixotrophs. The flagellated stage has a typical mesokaryotic nucleus, and the theca is composed of four membranes, two of which are vesicular and contain thin plates arranged in a Kofoidian series of Po, cp, X, 4′, 1a, 5″, 6c, 4s, 5″′, and 2″″. The plate tabulation is unlike that of any other armored dinoflagellate. Nodules often demark the suture lines underneath the outer membrane, but fixation protocols can influence the detection of plates. Amoeboid benthic stages can be filose to lobose, are thecate, and have a reticulate or spiculate appearance. Amoeboid stages have a eukaryotic nuclear profile and are phagocytic. Cyst stages include a small spherical stage with a honeycomb, reticulate surface and possibly another stage that is elongate and oval to spherical with chrysophyte-like scales that can have long bracts. The species is placed in a new family, Pfiesteriaceae, and the order Dinamoebales is emended. 相似文献
970.
Gerald Busch 《Bioenergy Research》2012,5(3):584-605
Based on regional stakeholder preferences and planning guidelines as allocation criteria for SRC, this study aims at providing
a transparent approach to evaluate multiple environmental effects and the regional significance of SRC systems. Using the
example of two poplar SRC-systems (4-year rotation, 9-year rotation) the potential effects on ground water supply, wind erosion,
and biodiversity aspects are evaluated in comparison to arable land for two selected municipalities in the district of Uelzen,
Germany. Building on fuzzy membership functions and simple fuzzy-logic rules, the qualitative multi-criteria assessment is
transparent and easily to adapt. This approach is transferable to other regions and spatial levels, since it derives from
commonly available data and scientific evidence. Results show that implementation of SRC could provide multiple beneficial
environmental effects, especially in areas with low landscape heterogeneity. The tools provided allow for a multi-criteria
evaluation of environmental effects, and reveal the sensitivity to distinct allocation patterns. Physiographical conditions
of the study area implicate a preference for mini-SRC systems. This is supported by smaller decline of annual deep percolation
water compared to maxi-SRC. On average, decline in groundwater recharge of mini-SRC (92mm a−1) is comparable to irrigated arable land (80mm a−1), which is common practice in the study area. Currently, the utilization of beneficial environmental SRC effects is quite
limited, since only 3 % of arable land is suitable for SRC implementation regarding farmers’ preferences for SRC allocation.
Allocation preferences could however change substantially with increasing incentives for SRC, e.g., due to regional bioenergy
schemes or “Greening” initiatives within the European Common Agricultural Policy, which is to be reformed by 2013. 相似文献