全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3693篇 |
免费 | 190篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 72篇 |
2017年 | 65篇 |
2016年 | 81篇 |
2015年 | 85篇 |
2014年 | 98篇 |
2013年 | 141篇 |
2012年 | 212篇 |
2011年 | 219篇 |
2010年 | 140篇 |
2009年 | 85篇 |
2008年 | 203篇 |
2007年 | 175篇 |
2006年 | 214篇 |
2005年 | 167篇 |
2004年 | 150篇 |
2003年 | 153篇 |
2002年 | 154篇 |
2001年 | 91篇 |
2000年 | 80篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 49篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1977年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 27篇 |
1975年 | 30篇 |
1974年 | 45篇 |
1973年 | 31篇 |
1972年 | 26篇 |
1968年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有3883条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
182.
Effects of freezing on white perch Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789): implications for multivariate morphometrics
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
P. M. Kočovský 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2016,32(1):92-96
This study tested the hypothesis that duration of freezing differentially affects whole‐body morphometrics of a derived teleost. Whole‐body morphometrics are frequently analyzed to test hypotheses of different species, or stocks within a species, of fishes. Specimens used for morphometric analyses are typically fixed or preserved prior to analysis, yet little research has been done on how fixation or preservation methods or duration of preservation of specimens might affect outcomes of multivariate statistical analyses of differences in shape. To determine whether whole‐body morphometrics changed as a result of freezing, 23 whole‐body morphometrics of age‐1 white perch (Morone americana) from western Lake Erie (n = 211) were analyzed immediately after capture, after being held on ice overnight, and after freezing for 100 or 200 days. Discriminant function analysis revealed that all four groups differed significantly from one another (P < 0.0001). The first canonical axis reflected long‐axis morphometrics, where there was a clear pattern of positive translation along this axis with duration of preservation. Re‐classification analysis demonstrated fish were typically assigned to their original preservation class except for fish frozen 100 days, which assigned mostly to frozen 200 days. Morphometric comparisons using frozen fish must be done on fish frozen for identical periods of time to avoid biases related to the length of time they were frozen. Similar experiments should be conducted on other species and also using formalin‐ and alcohol‐preserved specimens. 相似文献
183.
Voller Jiří Béres Tibor Zatloukal Marek Džubák Petr Hajdúch Marián Doležal Karel Schmülling Thomas Miroslav Strnad 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2019,18(4):1101-1113
Phytochemistry Reviews - Cytokinins are plant hormones and play essential roles in regulating plant growth and development. They also have diverse pharmacological effects in animals and humans.... 相似文献
184.
Oulehle Filip Wright Richard F. Svoboda Miroslav Bače Radek Matějka Karel Kaňa Jiří Hruška Jakub Couture Raoul-Marie Kopáček Jiří 《Ecosystems》2019,22(4):725-741
Ecosystems - Forest ecosystems worldwide are subjected to human-induced stressors, including eutrophication and acidification, and to natural disturbances (for example, insect infestation,... 相似文献
185.
Strunecký Otakar Kopejtka Karel Goecke Franz Tomasch Jürgen Lukavský Jaromír Neori Amir Kahl Silke Pieper Dietmar H. Pilarski Plamen Kaftan David Koblížek Michal 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2019,23(1):35-48
Extremophiles - Genotypic and morphological diversity of cyanobacteria in the Rupite hot spring (Bulgaria) was investigated by means of optical microscopy, cultivation, single-cell PCR, and 16S... 相似文献
186.
187.
188.
Oscar Lanuza Fernando Casanoves Diego Delgado Karel Van den Meersche 《Restoration Ecology》2019,27(3):549-558
Active restoration strategies increase the production of leaf litter in tropical forests, but little is known about their effect on litter decomposition and subsequent nutrient release. We quantified changes in leaf litter stoichiometry during decomposition in former pasture sites under contrasting restoration strategies (natural regeneration, applied nucleation/islands tree planting and plantation), as well as in nearby primary forest. Litterbags were employed to evaluate decomposition. We used a leaf mixture of either the four planted tree species in the plantation and island treatments or the nearby primary forest and compared them under a factorial design. Decomposition rates were similar between restoration treatments (p > 0.5), but leaves decomposed faster in the forest mixture than in the plantation mixture (p < 0.01). The content of Ca, Mg, K, P, and the C:N ratio were higher in the forest mixture at the beginning and during decomposition (p < 0.05); the N content in the plantation mixture was higher at the beginning but lower during decomposition (p < 0.05), which meant greater mobilization of nitrogen per unit of carbon lost. K and P had a strong initial release, while Mg was released more gradually. N and Ca had an irregular pattern of initial fast release, immobilization, and re‐release in the later stages. We conclude that the differences in rates of decomposition and nutrient release in these systems under restoration were at least partly determined by the floristic heterogeneity and chemical quality of the leaf litter that reaches the soil. 相似文献
189.
The interactions of two different porphyrins, without axial ligands-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin-Cu(II) tetrachloride (Cu(II)TMPyP) and with bulky meso substituents-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylanilinium-4-yl)porphyrin tetrachloride (TMAP), with (dG-dC)10 and (dA-dT)10 were studied by combination of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy at different [oligonucleotide]/[porphyrin] ratios, where [oligonucleotide] and [porphyrin] are the concentrations of oligonucleotide per base-pair and porphyrin, respectively. The combination of VCD and ECD spectroscopy enables us to identify the types of interactions, and to specify the sites of interactions: The intercalative binding mode of Cu(II)TMPyP with (dG-dC)(10), which has been well described, was characterized by a new VCD "marker" and it was shown that the interaction of Cu(II)TMPyP with (dA-dT)10 via external binding to the phosphate backbone and major groove binding caused transition from the B to the non-B conformer. TMAP interacted with the major groove of (dG-dC)10, was semi-intercalated into (dA-dT)10, and caused significant variation in the structure of both oligonucleotides at the higher concentration of porphyrin. The spectroscopic techniques used in this study revealed that porphyrin binding with AT sequences caused substantial variation of the DNA structure. It was shown that VCD spectroscopy is an effective tool for the conformational studies of nucleic acid-porphyrin complexes in solution. 相似文献
190.
Giardia intestinalis is an ancient protist that causes the most commonly reported human diarrheal disease of parasitic origin worldwide. An intriguing
feature of the Giardia cell is the presence of two morphologically similar nuclei, generally considered equivalent, in spite of the fact that their
karyotypes are unknown. We found that within a single cell, the two nuclei differ both in the number and the size of chromosomes
and that representatives of two major genetic groups of G. intestinalis possess different karyotypes. Odd chromosome numbers indicate aneuploidy of Giardia nuclei, and their stable occurrence is suggestive of a long-term asexuality. A semi-open type of Giardia mitosis excludes a chromosome interfusion between the nuclei. Differences in karyotype and DNA content, and cell cycle-dependent
asynchrony are indicative of diversity of the two Giardia nuclei. 相似文献