4种桦树幼苗耐盐性分析与评价

耐盐植物引种和培育是开发利用盐碱地的主要方式,具有重要的研究价值。本试验以哈萨克斯坦引进的吉尔吉斯白桦（Betula kirghisorum）、欧洲白桦（B.pendula）、毛枝桦（B.pubescens）和本地的白桦（B.platyphylla Suk.）1年生幼苗为试验材料,于2014年7月在东北林业大学进行中性盐（NaCl）和碱性盐（NaHCO₃）的胁迫试验,测定生长量、光合参数和叶绿素含量,并通过因子分析法,对比评价4种桦树幼苗的耐盐碱能力,筛选出综合性状优良的桦树树种,为耐盐植物引种和培育提供有价值的数据。结果表明：随着盐浓度的升高,桦树幼苗的高生长和光合效率受到显著抑制,而当浓度≥0.5%时,大部分幼苗枯死。株高增长量、基径增长量、净光合速率（P_n）、光能利用效率（SUE）、羧化效率（CUE）、表观量子效率（AQY）及叶绿素含量之间的相关性多数达到了显著水平;最后利用因子分析法分别构建了0.1% NaCl、0.3% NaCl、0.1% NaHCO3和0.3% NaHCO₃胁迫处理的综合评价公式,并分别筛选出了综合性状相对优良的单株,其中NaCl胁迫下较优单株为32、33、34、35;NaHCO₃胁迫下较优单株为262、263、264、35。综合比较认为,吉尔吉斯白桦对低中浓度的中性盐的抗性最强,本地对照白桦对低中浓度碱性盐的抗性最强,而吉尔吉斯白桦和毛枝桦对高浓度碱性盐抗性较强。     

民族植物学：学科发展动态与展望

对民族植物学的学科发展进行了简要综述。民族植物学自1896年在美国诞生以来,经历了百年漫长的发展过程。民族植物学由早期的描述编目有用植物,已经发展到了实验性、技术性和定量性研究的新阶段;民族植物学的原理与方法已被广泛应用于植物资源的可持续利用、社区发展和生物多样性保护。近代民族植物学的学科发展可归纳为3个特征：(1)研究方法的进展主要表现在由记载编目和描述到实验性、技术性的定量研究和从基础研究到实际应用的发展;(2)研究途径的发展表现在由调查记录、访谈式的被动研究到参与式研究和取证分析;(3)研究地区已由局部区域性研究扩大到全球范围的民族植物学研究,从对原住民和少数民族的民族植物学研究扩展到所有不同文化背景民族的民族植物学研究。特别是发展中国家的民族植物学研究在近半个世纪以来得到迅速发展,并广泛应用于植物资源的管理和生物多样性保护的实际工作中。民族植物学在中国起步较晚,但在过去20年里已从无到有,建立起了我国民族植物学研究的理论框架、内容、方法和途径,将民族植物学从基础描述性研究(调查、记载、编目),推进到应用研究,在植物资源的可持续利用、生物多样性保护、农村发展和山区扶贫等方面取得了若干进展。当前,我国民族植物学研究面临着发展的新机遇和新的挑战,必须紧跟国民经济发展的新形势,投入西部大开发,加强学科建设,推进研究与产业发展的结合,把民族植物学由地区性研究推进到全国性研究,进一步完善中国特色的民族植物学研究体系,积极参与国际合作与交流,对国民经济的持续发展、民族地区的团结稳定和生物多样性保护作出更大的贡献。     

Identification of over-expressed genes in human renal cell carcinoma by combining suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA library array

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common uro- genital malignancy and often shows odd biological features. RCC accounts for approximately 2% of ma- lignancies worldwide. The incidence of and mortality from RCC have continuously increased during the last 50 years. One third of the patients already have me- tastases when first consulting the doctors. Another 30%—40% of patients develop metastasis after surgi- Identification of over-expressed genes in human RCC 149 cal excision of the pri…     

腺花香茶菜中的对映-贝壳杉烯类二萜化合物

从昆明产腺花香茶菜(Isodon adenanthus (Diels) Kudo)的地上部分分离到8个化合物,通过波谱分析鉴定,化合物1-3为新的对映-贝壳杉烯类二萜化合物,命名为腺花香茶菜素N、0和P;4个已知二萜为白叶香茶菜戊素(4)、无毛狭叶香茶菜素C(5)、腺花香茶菜甲素(6)和白叶香茶菜乙素(7),同时得到一个高度不饱和脂肪酸9,16-二羰基-10,12,14-三烯-十八碳酸(8)。根据ROESY波谱,对化合物4的结构进行了修正。化合物1对K562细胞显示出明显的细胞毒活性(IC50=0．45μg／mL)。     

GABA transporter 1 transcriptional starting site exhibiting tissue specific difference

INTRODUCTIONIn the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS),GABA transporters (GAT) are believed to play animportant role in termination of GABAergiC transInission. GATI was the first cloned member of neurotransmitter transporters superfanilly[1], and soon,other three subtypes (GAT2-4) were subsequentlycloned. Since GABA is the predominant inhibitoryneurotranslliltter in CNS, abnormallty of GATs hasa direct relationship with certain kinds of nervousdisorders, such as epilepsy a…     

New 1,2,3-triazole linked ciprofloxacin-chalcones induce DNA damage by inhibiting human topoisomerase I& II and tubulin polymerization

A series of novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked ciprofloxacin-chalcones 4a-j were synthesised as potential anticancer agents. Hybrids 4a-j exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative activity against colon cancer cells. Compounds 4a-j displayed IC₅₀s ranged from 2.53-8.67 µM, 8.67–62.47 µM, and 4.19–24.37 µM for HCT116, HT29, and Caco-2 cells; respectively, whereas the doxorubicin, showed IC₅₀ values of 1.22, 0.88, and 4.15 µM. Compounds 4a, 4b, 4e, 4i, and 4j were the most potent against HCT116 with IC₅₀ values of 3.57, 4.81, 4.32, 4.87, and 2.53 µM, respectively, compared to doxorubicin (IC₅₀ = 1.22 µM). Also, hybrids 4a, 4b, 4e, 4i, and 4j exhibited remarkable inhibitory activities against topoisomerase I, II, and tubulin polymerisation. They increased the protein expression level of γH2AX, indicating DNA damage, and arrested HCT116 in G2/M phase, possibly through the ATR/CHK1/Cdc25C pathway. Thus, the novel ciprofloxacin hybrids could be exploited as potential leads for further investigation as novel anticancer medicines to fight colorectal carcinoma.     

A Novel CMKLR1 Small Molecule Antagonist Suppresses CNS Autoimmune Inflammatory Disease

Therapies that target leukocyte trafficking pathways can reduce disease activity and improve clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely studied animal model that shares many clinical and histological features with MS. Chemokine-like receptor-¹ (CMKLR1) is a chemoattractant receptor that is expressed by key effector cells in EAE and MS, including macrophages, subsets of dendritic cells, natural killer cells and microglia. We previously showed that CMKLR1-deficient (CMKLR1 KO) mice develop less severe clinical and histological EAE than wild-type mice. In this study, we sought to identify CMKLR1 inhibitors that would pharmaceutically recapitulate the CMKLR1 KO phenotype in EAE. We identified 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA) as a CMKLR1 small molecule antagonist that inhibits chemerin-stimulated β-arrestin2 association with CMKLR1, as well as chemerin-triggered CMKLR1⁺ cell migration. α-NETA significantly delayed the onset of EAE induced in C57BL/6 mice by both active immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 and by adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T cells. In addition, α-NETA treatment significantly reduced mononuclear cell infiltrates within the CNS. This study provides additional proof-of-concept data that targeting CMKLR1:chemerin interactions may be beneficial in preventing or treating MS.     

Novel Tumor Suppressor Function of Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor GITR in Multiple Myeloma

Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR) plays a crucial role in modulating immune response and inflammation, however the role of GITR in human cancers is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that GITR is inactivated during tumor progression in Multiple Myeloma (MM) through promoter CpG island methylation, mediating gene silencing in primary MM plasma cells and MM cell lines. Restoration of GITR expression in GITR deficient MM cells led to inhibition of MM proliferation in vitro and in vivo and induction of apoptosis. These findings were supported by the presence of induction of p21 and PUMA, two direct downstream targets of p53, together with modulation of NF-κB in GITR-overexpressing MM cells. Moreover, the unbalanced expression of GITR in clonal plasma cells correlated with MM disease progression, poor prognosis and survival. These findings provide novel insights into the pivotal role of GITR in MM pathogenesis and disease progression.     

Human parathyroid hormone as a secretory peptide in milk of transgenic mice

In a transgenic mouse model we have targeted the expression of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) to the mammary gland yielding hPTH as a secretory, soluble peptide in milk. A 2.5 kb upstream regulatory sequence of the murine whey acidic protein (WAP) directed the expression of the hPTH cDNA in a fusion gene construct (WAPPTHSV2) containing the SV40 small t-antigen intron and polyadenylation site in the 3′ end. Established lines of transgenic mice secreted hPTH to milk in concentrations up to 415 ng/ml. Recombinant hPTH recovered from the milk was purified by HPLC and shown to be identical to hPTH standard as analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. Expression of the WAPPTHSV2 was limited to the mammary gland as analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot of reversed transcribed mRNA from different tissues. hPTH is an important bone anabolic hormone and may be a potentially important pharmaceutical for treatment of demineralization disorders such as osteoporosis. We present the transgenic animal as a possible production system for hPTH. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

特异腐质霉纤维素酶的研究

由腐植土中分离到一株嗜热真菌,经鉴定为特异腐质霉(Humicola insolens Cooney etEmerson)。研究了这株菌纤维素酶的产生条件和一般性质。菌在含麦麸5％、NaNO0.3％的液体培养基(灭菌前pH7.5,灭菌后pH7.2)中,于45℃培养4天,以羧甲基纤维素钠为底物,每ml滤液酶活力为20个单位。酶作用的最适条件为:pH6.0,温度为65—70℃。该纤维素酶是一种耐热酶,热稳定性较强,70℃保温5分钟后,酶活力剩余88％。底物对该酶的热钝化有较强的保护作用,无底物存在条件下,70℃保温6小时后,酶活力仅剩余1％,而在同样的处理温度和时间,在有底物存在条件下,酶活力可剩余30％。该酶在45℃保温15小时的条件下,pH稳定范围为6.0—9.0。