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31.
A multidrug efflux transporter in Listeria monocytogenes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A chromosomal gene (mdrL) was found in Listeria monocytogenes L028, showing a high degree of similarity with multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (family 2). An allele-substituted mutant of this gene failed to pump out ethidium bromide and presented lower minimal inhibitory concentrations of macrolides, cefotaxime and heavy metals. This is the first multidrug efflux pump described in Listeria. 相似文献
32.
Alvarez P Enríquez AM Toro C Martínez I Buhigas I de Miguel S Lago M Puente S Del Palacio A Baquero M 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2000,17(3):102-106
Scytalidium dimidiatum dermatomycosis are usually reported in tropical and subtropical countries. Some cases in Spain have been diagnosed due to the increasing number of immigrants from these areas. We herein describe three new cases of S. dimidiatum infections detected in Madrid. Two patients were from Guinea Ecuatorial and the third from Angola. We also report the first case of S. dimidiatum infection in a HIV patient in Spain. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of S. dimidiatum infections reported in Spain are discussed. 相似文献
33.
This paper investigates the distribution of species richness, rarity and endemicity of European land mammals (bats and introduced species excluded). The highest level of species richness was in Central Europe, while Southern areas had the highest rarity and endemicity scores. The distribution of richness was affected by the location of sampling points in islands and peninsulas. After excluding these sampling points, richness continued to decrease Westward suggesting the existence of a large-scale peninsular effect on mammal distribution. These patterns of continental distribution of richness, rarity and endemicity could be the result of the distribution of refuge areas in the southern Mediterranean peninsulas, and the Pleistocene advances and retreats of mammals throughout the Western Palearctic. Thus, European mammal distribution can be interpreted on the basis of two different patterns of abundance distribution in which Palearctic species reduce their abundance from central-Europe outwards, while endemic, rare species show a similar depletion in the North. It should be useful to evaluate the role of the different regions in Europe in conserving the demographic interactions between central and peripheral populations of mammal species. Given the restricted distribution and potential small size of population, these endemic species are most likely to be susceptible to anthropogenic environmental degradation. 相似文献
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35.
Maternal high‐fat diet and obesity impact palatable food intake and dopamine signaling in nonhuman primate offspring
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36.
Zhen Lu Maria T Baquero Hailing Yang Maojie Yang Albert S Reger Choel Kim Douglas A Levine Charlotte H Clarke Warren S-L Liao Robert C Bast Jr 《Autophagy》2014,10(6):1071-1092
DIRAS3 is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated in 60% of human ovarian cancers. Re-expression of DIRAS3 at physiological levels inhibits proliferation, decreases motility, induces autophagy, and regulates tumor dormancy. Functional inhibition of autophagy with choroquine in dormant xenografts that express DIRAS3 significantly delays tumor regrowth after DIRAS3 levels are reduced, suggesting that autophagy sustains dormant ovarian cancer cells. This study documents a newly discovered role for DIRAS3 in forming the autophagosome initiation complex (AIC) that contains BECN1, PIK3C3, PIK3R4, ATG14, and DIRAS3. Participation of BECN1 in the AIC is inhibited by binding of BECN1 homodimers to BCL2. DIRAS3 binds BECN1, disrupting BECN1 homodimers and displacing BCL2. Binding of DIRAS3 to BECN1 increases the association of BECN1 with PIK3C3 and ATG14, facilitating AIC activation. Amino acid starvation of cells induces DIRAS3 expression, reduces BECN1-BCL2 interaction and promotes autophagy, whereas DIRAS3 depletion blocks amino acid starvation-induced autophagy. In primary ovarian cancers, punctate expression of DIRAS3, BECN1, and the autophagic biomarker MAP1LC3 are highly correlated (P < 0.0001), underlining the clinical relevance of these mechanistic studies. Punctate expression of DIRAS3 and MAP1LC3 was detected in only 21–23% of primary ovarian cancers but in 81–84% of tumor nodules found on the peritoneal surface at second-look operations following primary chemotherapy. This reflects a 4-fold increase (P < 0.0001) in autophagy between primary disease and post-treatment recurrence. We suggest that DIRAS3 not only regulates the AIC, but induces autophagy in dormant, nutrient-deprived ovarian cancer cells that remain after conventional chemotherapy, facilitating their survival. 相似文献
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Diabetes is a profound disease that results in a severe lack of regulation of systemic salt and water balance. From our earlier work on the endocrine regulation of salt taste at the level of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), we have begun to investigate the ability of insulin to alter ENaC function with patch-clamp recording on isolated mouse taste receptor cells (TRCs). In fungiform and vallate TRCs that exhibit functional ENaC currents (e.g., amiloride-sensitive Na(+) influx), insulin (5-20 nM) caused a significant increase in Na(+) influx at -80 mV (EC(50) = 7.53 nM). The insulin-enhanced currents were inhibited by amiloride (30 μM). Similarly, in ratiometric Na(+) imaging using SBFI, insulin treatment (20 nM) enhanced Na(+) movement in TRCs, consistent with its action in electrophysiological assays. The ability of insulin to regulate ENaC function is dependent on the enzyme phosphoinositide 3-kinase since treatment with the inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM) abolished insulin-induced changes in ENaC. To test the role of insulin in the regulation of salt taste, we have characterized behavioral responses to NaCl using a mouse model of acute hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-treated mice show significant avoidance of NaCl at lower concentrations than the control group. Interestingly, these differences between groups were abolished when amiloride (100 μM) was added into NaCl solutions, suggesting that insulin was regulating ENaC. Our results are consistent with a role for insulin in maintaining functional expression of ENaC in mouse TRCs. 相似文献
39.
Reference strand conformational analysis (RSCA) is a valuable tool in identifying MHC-DRB sequences in three species of Aotus monkeys 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Baquero JE Miranda S Murillo O Mateus H Trujillo E Suarez C Patarroyo ME Parra-López C 《Immunogenetics》2006,58(7):590-597
The Aotus monkey has been of great value in the pre-clinical study of malaria vaccine candidates. Several components of this primate’s immune system have been studied and they display great similarity to their human counterparts. Cloning and sequencing studies have revealed extensive sequence polymorphisms in Aotus MHC-DRB with very high similarities to several human allelic lineages, grouping at least nine distinct MHC-DRB lineages. As the efficacy of peptide vaccines in this animal model may be strongly influenced by exon 2 MHC-DRB polymorphism, the availability of a reliable and rapid MHC-DRB typing method for three species of Aotus (Aotus nancymaae, Aotus vociferans and Aotus nigriceps) is necessary. Reference strand conformational analysis (RSCA) was used here for differentiating the distinctive Aotus MHC-DRB sequences’ mobility using five fluorescently labelled references proved to be very useful for resolving closely related sequences, establishing the number of sequences transcribed in a particular monkey and their identity. The RSCA method’s reliability in terms of identifying Aotus MHC-DRB sequences will facilitate evaluating individual responsiveness to vaccines and prompt studies associating susceptibility/resistance to infectious agents or auto-immune disease, for which Aotus monkeys may be considered to be an appropriate animal model. 相似文献
40.
Martin Jeffrey Belinda Baquero Perez Stuart Martin Linda Terry Lorenzo González 《BMC veterinary research》2008,4(1):1-11