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811.
812.
ULF HAUPTFLEISCH ÁRNI EINARSSON THORBJøRN J. ANDERSEN ANTHONY NEWTON ARNTHOR GARDARSSON 《Freshwater Biology》2012,57(10):1986-1997
1. Monitoring of the ecosystem of Lake Mývatn, Iceland, since 1975 has revealed extreme fluctuations in important food web components, such as chironomids and cladocerans, with amplitudes of several orders of magnitude and a period of 5–8 years. This study uses sediment cores from the lake to examine if the food web fluctuations appear in the microfossil record of the sediment. 2. Dating was achieved by means of a combination of 137Cs and volcanic tephra and was fine‐tuned by wiggle‐matching of chironomid microfossil and monitoring data. 3. Cladocera exuviae and chironomid egg capsules in the uppermost 34 cm of sediment were compared with the monitoring record that consisted of 30 years of window trap catches of flying chironomids and a 16‐year record of chydorid Cladocera caught in activity traps. 4. The observed chironomid and cladoceran population fluctuations were reflected in the sediment record of chironomid eggs and of the exuviae of three of seven cladocerans: Alonella nana, Alona rectangula and Eurycercus lamellatus, which also had the most extreme fluctuations in the monitoring data (3–4 orders of magnitude). Chydorus sphaericus, and to some extent Alona quadrangularis and Acroperus harpae, showed regular fluctuations in the core that the monitoring did not reveal. Density of subfossil chironomid eggs correlated positively with that of larval head capsules but not with other microfossils. 5. This study shows a reasonably good correspondence between the fossil records of chironomids and cladocerans on the one hand and biomonitoring data on the other. The results pave the way for an extension of the food web history to much earlier time intervals of the ecosystem, allowing the study of long‐term variation in the food web dynamics, including the impact of climatic variation and other external forcing. The results also indicate the usefulness of chironomid egg capsules in palaeolimnological studies. 相似文献
813.
814.
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family represents the largest and most versatile group of cell surface receptors. Classical
GPCR signaling constitutes ligand binding to a seven-transmembrane domain receptor, receptor interaction with a heterotrimeric
G protein, and the subsequent activation or inhibition of downstream intracellular effectors to mediate a cellular response.
However, recent reports on direct, receptor-independent G protein activation, G protein-independent signaling by GPCRs, and
signaling of nonheptahelical receptors via trimeric G proteins have highlighted the intrinsic complexities of G protein signaling
mechanisms. The insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6 phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor is a single-transmembrane glycoprotein
whose principal function is the intracellular transport of lysosomal enzymes. In addition, the receptor also mediates some
biological effects in response to IGF-II binding in both neuronal and nonneuronal systems. Multidisciplinary efforts to elucidate
the intracellular signaling pathways that underlie these effects have generated data to suggest that the IGF-II/M6P receptor
might mediate transmembrane signaling via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The purpose of this review is to outline the characteristics
of traditional and nontraditional GPCRs, to relate the IGF-II/M6P receptor’s structure with its role in G protein-coupled
signaling and to summarize evidence gathered over the years regarding the putative signaling of the IGF-II/M6P receptor mediated
by a G protein. 相似文献
815.
Debabrata Bera Suchit Majumder Rakesh Sarkar Ayan Kar Sanjeev S. Mukherjee 《Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal》2021,21(2):120-123
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as the preferred treatment modality with high success rate in cases with WPW syndrome. Arrhythmogenic complications are rarely reported after RFA, except for early or late recurrence of accessory pathway (AP) conduction. We present a unique case where the AP was successfully ablated, however, a new monomorphic PVC of similar morphology to the pre-excited beats developed within 30 min of RFA. She required medical management with sotalol to overcome her worsening symptom on follow-up. The ectopics resolved after 4 months. 相似文献
816.
817.
Efficiency Improvement of Solution‐Processed Dithienopyrrole‐Based A‐D‐A Oligothiophene Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells by Solvent Vapor Annealing
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Cordula D. Wessendorf Gisela L. Schulz Amaresh Mishra Prasenjit Kar Ibrahim Ata Martin Weidelener Marta Urdanpilleta Jonas Hanisch Elena Mena‐Osteritz Mika Lindén Erik Ahlswede Peter Bäuerle 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(14)
The extension of a series of dithienopyrrole containing A‐D‐A oligothiophenes for application in solution‐processed bulk heterojunction solar cells is described. Using solvent vapor annealing, power conversion efficiencies up to 6.1% are obtained. Exposure of the photoactive layer to chloroform vapor results in increased absorption and ordering of the donor:acceptor blend, as is evident from UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The type and position of the solubilizing alkyl chains influences the dissolution, optical, and packing properties of the oligomers. However, despite subtle differences in molecular structure, all electron donors could be implemented in solar cells demonstrating power conversion efficiencies between 4.4 and 6.1%. Upon further optimization of these in‐air, processed devices, it is expected that additional improvements in photovoltaic performance can be achieved. 相似文献
818.
819.
Induction of apoptosis by Fe(salen)Cl through caspase‐dependent pathway specifically in tumor cells
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820.
Rahul Shivahare Preeti Vishwakarma Naveen Parmar Pawan Kumar Yadav Wahajul Haq Mrigank Srivastava Suman Gupta Susanta Kar 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Immuno-modulators in combination with antileishmanial drug miltefosine is a better therapeutic approach for treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) as it not only reduces the dose of miltefosine but also shortens the treatment regimen. However, immunological mechanisms behind the perceived benefits of this combination therapy have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, we hypothesized that potential use of drugs that target the host in addition to the parasite might represent an alternative strategy for combination therapy. We investigated immune responses generated in Leishmania donovani infected animals (hamsters and mice) treated with combination of CpG-ODN-2006 and miltefosine at short dose regimen. Infected animals were administered CpG-ODN-2006 (0.4 mg/kg, single dose), as free and liposomal form, either alone or in combination with miltefosine for 5 consecutive days and parasite clearance was evaluated at day 4 and 7 post treatment. Animals that received liposomal CpG-ODN-2006 (lipo-CpG-ODN-2006) and sub-curative miltefosine (5 mg/kg) showed the best inhibition of parasite multiplication (∼97%) which was associated with a biased Th1 immune response in. Moreover, compared to all the other treated groups, we observed increased mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12) and significantly suppressed levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) on day 4 post treatment in animals that underwent combination therapy with lipo-CpG-ODN-2006 and sub-curative miltefosine. Additionally, same therapy also induced heightened iNOS mRNA levels and NO generation, increased IgG2 antibody level and strong T-cell response in these hamsters compared with all the other treated groups. Collectively, our results suggest that combination of lipo-CpG-ODN-2006 and sub-curative miltefosine generates protective T-cell response in an animal model of visceral leishmaniasis which is characterized by strong Th1 biased immune response thereby underlining our hypothesis that combination therapy, at short dose regimen can be used as a novel way of treating visceral leishmaniasis. 相似文献