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51.
Superior resolution of gamma-crystallins from microdissected eye lens by cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
R J Siezen E D Kaplan R D Anello 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1985,127(1):153-160
A novel procedure is presented for the rapid quantitative analysis of eye lens gamma-crystallins and beta s-crystallin by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography on Synchropak CM300. At least six different gamma-crystallin gene products can be resolved from the soluble fraction of calf lens extract. This method is applicable to the analysis of microsections from individual lenses, and can be used to rapidly characterize spatial variations in gamma-crystallin composition which occur with aging and cataractogenesis. 相似文献
52.
Isolation and reconstitution of the n-butylmalonate-sensitive dicarboxylate transporter from rat liver mitochondria 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier has been substantially purified from rat liver mitoplasts by extraction with Triton X-114 in the presence of cardiolipin followed by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. Upon incorporation of the hydroxylapatite eluate into phospholipid vesicles, an n-butylmalonate-sensitive malonate/malate exchange has been demonstrated. This exchange activity is enhanced 226-fold relative to the starting material (i.e. detergent-extracted mitoplasts). Silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gels verify the high purity of this fraction relative to the starting material. Nonetheless, the banding pattern indicates that several protein species are still present. As isolated, the dicarboxylate transporter is rather unstable but can be stabilized either by the addition of 10% ethylene glycol and subsequent storage at -20 degrees C or by incorporation into phospholipid vesicles in the presence of malate followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen. Such proteoliposomes catalyze a [14C]malonate uptake which is characterized by a first order rate constant of 1.02 min-1 and a t 1/2 of 41 s. This uptake can be inhibited by dicarboxylates (e.g. succinate, malate, unlabeled malonate) but not by either alpha-ketoglutarate or by tricarboxylates (e.g. citrate, threo-Ds-isocitrate). Furthermore, the reconstituted malonate transport is dependent on internal malate and can be inhibited by n-butylmalonate, mersalyl, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and Pi, but not by N-ethylmaleimide. It is concluded that this highly purified fraction contains a reconstitutively active dicarboxylate transporter which, based on its substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity, appears to be identical to the native dicarboxylate transport system found in intact rat liver mitochondria. 相似文献
53.
Demonstration of separate phosphotyrosyl- and phosphoseryl- histone phosphatase activities in the plasma membranes of a human astrocytoma 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A plasma membrane preparation from a human astrocytoma contained p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), phosphotyrosyl histone, and phosphoseryl histone hydrolysis activities. The pNPPase and phosphotyrosyl histone phosphatase activities were inhibited by vanadate, whereas the phosphoseryl histone phosphatase activity was not; the latter activity was inhibited by pyrophosphate and nucleoside di- and triphosphates. When the membranes were solubilized by Triton X-100 and the solubilized proteins were subjected to column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, Sepharose 6B-C1, and wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose 4B columns, the pNPPase activity from the phosphoseryl histone phosphatase activity. The results from column chromatography also indicated that there may be multiple phosphotyrosyl and phosphoseryl protein phosphatases in the plasma membranes. 相似文献
54.
Data on the tensile and compressive properties of trabecular bone are needed to define input parameters and failure criteria for modeling total joint replacements. To help resolve differences in reports comparing tensile and compressive properties of trabecular bone, we have developed new methods, based on porous foam technology, for tensile testing of fresh/frozen trabecular bone specimens. Using bovine trabecular bone from an isotropic region from the proximal humerus as a model material, we measured ultimate strengths in tension and compression for two groups of 24 specimens each. The average ultimate strength in tension was 7.6 +/- 2.2 (95% C.I.) MPa and in compression was 12.4 +/- 3.2 MPa. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.013) and was not related to density differences between the test groups (p = 0.28). Strength was related by a power-law function of the local apparent density, but, even accounting for density influences, isotropic bovine trabecular bone exhibits significantly lower strengths in tension than in compression. 相似文献
55.
Transit of alpha-mannosidase during its maturation in Dictyostelium discoideum 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
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We proposed that Dictyostelium discoideum contains two linked pools of mature alpha-mannosidase (Wood, L., R. N. Pannell, and A. Kaplan, 1983, J. Biol. Chem., 258:9426-9430). To obtain physical evidence for these pools, cells were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine, homogenized, and subjected to Percoll gradient centrifugation. After immune precipitation of alpha-mannosidase, its polypeptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected by fluorography. After a 30-min pulse with [35S]methionine, the precursor and small amounts of cleaved enzyme were detected in a low density fraction (1.04 g/ml). Subsequently, cleaved enzyme was transferred to higher density fractions (1.05 and 1.07 g/ml) that were enriched in lysosomal enzymes. The half time for formation of the 1.07 g/ml pool was approximately 45 min, whereas formation of the 1.05 g/ml pool was not detected until 1.5 h after the pulse. The transfer of mature forms out of the 1.04 g/ml pool was inhibited by monensin (3.5 microM). Thus, alpha-mannosidase precursor appears to be cleaved in a prelysosomal organelle. The data also indicate that starving cells secrete precursor directly from this organelle to the extracellular space, whereas cleaved forms are first transferred into lysosomes before they are secreted. Furthermore, 2 h after starvation, the secretion of mature forms ceases even though both transit of mature forms between the two pools and secretion of precursor continues. From this we inferred that the cessation of secretion of mature forms is due to a halt in fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane and that precursor follows a different route to the plasma membrane. 相似文献
56.
We have used pulse-chase labeling of Chinese hamster ovary cells with choline followed by plasma membrane isolation on cationic beads to study the transport of phosphatidylcholine from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. We have found that the process is rapid (t1/2 [25 degrees C] = 2 min) and not affected by energy poisons or by cytochalasin B, colchicine, monensin, or carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone. Cooling cells to 0 degree C effectively stops the transport process. The intracellular transport of phosphatidylcholine is distinct in several ways from the intracellular transport of cholesterol (Kaplan, M. R., and R. D. Simoni, 1985, J. Cell. Biol., 101:446-453). 相似文献
57.
A histamine-releasing factor from activated human mononuclear cells 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
A P Kaplan M Haak-Frendscho A Fauci C Dinarello E Halbert 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1985,135(3):2027-2032
Human mononuclear cells activated by streptokinase-streptodornase have been shown to elaborate a factor capable of releasing histamine from human basophils. We have developed reproducible methods for its production in large quantities by using cells obtained from leukapheresis packs, by detection utilizing donor basophils known to release well with anti IgE, and by quantitation of histamine by the radioenzyme method. Human histamine-releasing factor (HRF) gave a single peak upon gel filtration with an estimated m.w. of 32,000; SDS gel electrophoresis revealed a single major band as seen at m.w. 30,000. HRF can be resolved into at least two forms separable by ion-exchange chromatography on QAE Sephadex, and two peaks of activity were obtained by chromatofocusing or isoelectric focusing in gels at pH 6.9 and between 7.4 and 8.3. This factor represents an important potential link between cellular immunity and immediate hypersensitivity. 相似文献
58.
Antigen presentation in the rat. II. An Ia+ radiosensitive T cell can present antigen to primed Ia- T cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M L Sopori D A Cohen S Cherian R S Perrone A M Kaplan 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1985,134(3):1369-1373
We demonstrated previously the presence of an Ia+ (OX-6+) antigen-presenting cell within the rat T cell fraction that is capable of presenting antigen to antigen-primed OX-6-T cells. This antigen-presenting cell (T-APC) reacted with the monoclonal antibodies W3/25 and W3/13, which is known to react mainly with rat T cells. Further characterization of the T-APC indicated that the cell also reacted with the monoclonal antibody OX-19, which is highly specific for rat T cells. Moreover, the antigen-presenting function of the T-APC was sensitive to treatment with mitomycin C or gamma-irradiation (2000 rad). Under similar conditions, antigen presentation by partially purified dendritic cells or macrophages was totally resistant to these treatments. The antigen-presenting activity of gamma-irradiated T-APC was not reconstituted by the addition of the lymphokines IL 1, IL 2, or Con A supernatants. Although unirradiated T-APC were able to stimulate an MLR response, this function was also sensitive to gamma-irradiation, whereas the MLR-stimulating ability of macrophages and dendritic cells was resistant to gamma-irradiation. These data indicate that Ia+ T cells from the rat are capable of presenting antigen to antigen-primed T lymphocytes and that, in contrast to antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells, the function of T-APC is gamma-radiation sensitive. 相似文献
59.
Induction of functional Fc receptors in P388 leukemia cells : Requirement for multiple differentiation signals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The development of functional Fc receptors (FcR) during induced differentiation with the tumor promoter, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), was studied in the murine tumor cell line, P388. PMA induced the appearance of FcR on the membranes of P388 cells as indicated by the binding of IgG-coated sheep red blood cells (IgG-SRBC). Concentrations of PMA as low as 1 ng/ml were sufficient to induce the expression of FcR as well as to inhibit cellular division and to induce adherence in the P388 tumor cell line; however, optimal FcR induction occurred at PMA concentrations of 10-100 ng/ml. Immunofluorescent analysis with heat-aggregated myeloma proteins indicated that PMA induced FcR which were capable of binding IgG2a and IgG2b immunoglobulins, but not IgG1. Adherence to a substratum was determined to be a second required signal for expression of FcR, since PMA induction of P388 tumor cells in teflon dishes failed to fully develop FcR and adherence of P388 cells to poly-L-lysine-coated culture dishes in the absence of PMA was insufficient for FcR expression. FcR which appeared after PMA induction were non-functional in the sense that membrane-bound IgG-SRBC were not ingested to any significant extent by the tumor cells. However, if FcR induction occurred in the presence conA-induced rat spleen cell culture supernatants, phagocytosis of membrane-bound erythrocytes occurred. These findings suggest that for the expression of FcR which are capable of particle internalization, at least three identifiable membrane-transmitted signals are required during differentiation. 相似文献
60.
Evolution and Extinction of Transposable Elements in Mendelian Populations 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
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A model of the evolution of a transposable element family in a Mendelian host population is proposed that incorporates heritable phenotypic mutations in the elements. The temporal behavior of the numbers of mutant and wild-type elements is studied, and the expected extinction time of the transposable element family is examined. Our results indicate that, if the mutant can be transposed equally well in the presence of the wild type, then it can be expected to be found in preponderance, whereas elements, such as retroviruses, where the transposing genome and its phenotypic expression are coupled, may be characterized by a low mutant frequency. 相似文献