石蒜组织培养和植株再生的研究

以石蒜的双鳞片为外植体,MS为培养基,对石蒜组织培养适宜条件进行筛选,并对石蒜的植株再生进行了研究。结果表明：MS＋3mg/L6-BA＋0.3mg/L NAA是不定芽增殖的最佳激素组合,诱导率可达73.99%;石蒜生长旺盛期的11月是芽诱导率最高的时期,同时,MS＋0.5mg/L6-BA＋0.8mg/L NAA是较好的生根培养基,生根率可达95.00%;幼苗移栽至蛭石30%营养土中移栽成活率最高达91.67%。     

霍乱弧菌O139多糖抗原的提取方法及优化

目的:研究霍乱弧菌O139多糖抗原的提取方法,以获得高纯度的多糖抗原。方法:采用热酚水法提取霍乱弧菌O139的脂多糖(LPS),并增加了DNaseⅠ、RNase消化步骤,以去除DNA及RNA的污染;进一步采用酸水解法获得脱毒的O特异性多糖(O-SP)。结果:经生化方法检测,证实提纯的LPS和O-SP纯度较高,能满足进行霍乱免疫研究的要求。结论:该方法简便可行,值得推广。     

RNA干扰的研究进展及应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是生物体的一种在进化上保持高度保守的,能抵御外源基因或外来病毒侵犯的重要防御机制,是一种序列特异性的转录后基因沉默现象。它由双链RNA引发,广泛存在于动、植物等各种生物体内。我们简要综述了RNAi发生的机制、特点、哺乳动物与RNAi现象,以及RNAi的应用等。     

The Yeast Mitochondrial Citrate Transport Protein: MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF ITS SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY*

The objective of this study was to identify the role of individual amino acid residues in determining the substrate specificity of the yeast mitochondrial citrate transport protein (CTP). Previously, we showed that the CTP contains at least two substrate-binding sites. In this study, utilizing the overexpressed, single-Cys CTP-binding site variants that were functionally reconstituted in liposomes, we examined CTP specificity from both its external and internal surfaces. Upon mutation of residues comprising the more external site, the CTP becomes less selective for citrate with numerous external anions able to effectively inhibit [¹⁴C]citrate/citrate exchange. Thus, the site 1 variants assume the binding characteristics of a nonspecific anion carrier. Comparison of [¹⁴C]citrate uptake in the presence of various internal anions versus water revealed that, with the exception of the R189C mutant, the other site 1 variants showed substantial uniport activity relative to exchange. Upon mutation of residues comprising site 2, we observed two types of effects. The K37C mutant displayed a markedly enhanced selectivity for external citrate. In contrast, the other site 2 mutants displayed varying degrees of relaxed selectivity for external citrate. Examination of internal substrates revealed that, in contrast to the control transporter, the R181C variant exclusively functioned as a uniporter. This study provides the first functional information on the role of specific binding site residues in determining mitochondrial transporter substrate selectivity. We interpret our findings in the context of our homology-modeled CTP as it cycles between the outward-facing, occluded, and inward-facing states.     

Apoptotic cells activate NKT cells through T cell Ig-like mucin-like-1 resulting in airway hyperreactivity

T cell Ig-like mucin-like-1 (TIM-1) is an important asthma susceptibility gene, but the immunological mechanisms by which TIM-1 functions remain uncertain. TIM-1 is also a receptor for phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), an important marker of cells undergoing programmed cell death, or apoptosis. We now demonstrate that NKT cells constitutively express TIM-1 and become activated by apoptotic cells expressing PtdSer. TIM-1 recognition of PtdSer induced NKT cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis in airway epithelial cells activated pulmonary NKT cells and unexpectedly resulted in airway hyperreactivity, a cardinal feature of asthma, in an NKT cell-dependent and TIM-1-dependent fashion. These results suggest that TIM-1 serves as a pattern recognition receptor on NKT cells that senses PtdSer on apoptotic cells as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Furthermore, these results provide evidence for a novel innate pathway that results in airway hyperreactivity and may help to explain how TIM-1 and NKT cells regulate asthma.     

不同发育时期追施氮肥对冬小麦旗叶中光合酶活性的影响

小麦开花后,随着旗叶的衰老,旗叶中1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶（RuBPC）、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPC）和乙醇酸氧化酶（GO）活性呈下降趋势。随着追施氮肥时期的推迟,光合酶活性呈增加趋势,这意味着氮肥追施时间后移有利于提高小麦光合速率。在旗叶衰老后期,大穗型品种小麦旗叶中光合酶活性略高于多穗型品种小麦。     

狭叶松果菊的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称狭叶松果菊（Echinacea angustifolia DC．）。 2材料类别种子。     

天胡荽的组织培养

1植物名称 天胡荽（Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Laiil．）,别名满天星、破铜钱、落得打。 2材料类别 当年生的顶芽、茎段和叶片。     

我国烟田昆虫群落的划分及其特征分析

根据纬度、海拔、温度、降雨、日照等地理、气象因子指标,对我国71个植烟市和(或)县及生态条件独特的市和(或)县进行了聚类分析,聚类结果与我国烟草的7个一级种植区基本吻合,我国烟田烟草昆虫群落可依此划分为东北、黄淮、长江中上游、长江中下游、西南、南部和北部西部等7个。各群落的重要烟草昆虫种类有所不同,烟草昆虫天敌的种类差别更大。其中西南群落食物网最复杂。