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91.
Nobuyuki Kuramoto Machiko ItoYukari Saito Hiroki NiiharaNatsuki Tanaka Ken-ichi YamadaYusuke Yamamura Kaname IwasakiYuki Onishi Kiyokazu Ogita 《Neurochemistry international》2013
Protein phosphorylation can be regulated by changes in kinase activity, phosphatase activity, or both. GABAB receptor R2 subunit (GABABR2) is phosphorylated at S783 by 5′-AMP-activated-protein kinase (AMPK), and this phosphorylation modulates GABAB receptor desensitization. Since the GABAB receptor is an integral membrane protein, solubilizing GABABR2 is difficult. To circumvent this problem and to identify specific phosphatases that dephosphorylate S783, we employed an in vitro assay based on dephosphorylation of proteins on PVDF membranes by purified phosphatases. Our method allowed us to demonstrate that S783 in GABABR2 is directly dephosphorylated by PP2A (but not by PP1, PP2B nor PP2C) in a dose-dependent and okadaic acid-sensitive manner. We also show that the level of phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of AMPK at T172 is reduced by PP1, PP2A and PP2C. Our data indicate that PP2A dephosphorylates GABABR2(S783) less efficiently than AMPK(T172), and that additional phosphatases might be involved in S783 dephosphorylation. 相似文献
92.
Masae I. Ishihara Satoshi N. Suzuki Masahiro Nakamura Tsutomu Enoki Akio Fujiwara Tsutom Hiura Kosuke Homma Daisuke Hoshino Kazuhiko Hoshizaki Hideyuki Ida Ken Ishida Akira Itoh Takayuki Kaneko Kaname Kubota Koichiro Kuraji Shigeo Kuramoto Akifumi Makita Takashi Masaki Kanji Namikawa Kaoru Niiyama Mahoko Noguchi Haruto Nomiya Tatsuhiro Ohkubo Satoshi Saito Takeshi Sakai Michinori Sakimoto Hitoshi Sakio Hirofumi Shibano Hisashi Sugita Mitsuo Suzuki Atsushi Takashima Nobuyuki Tanaka Naoaki Tashiro Naoko Tokuchi Toshiya Yoshida Yumiko Yoshida 《Ecological Research》2011,26(6):1007-1008
This data paper reports tree census data collected in a network of 34 forest sites in Japan. This is the largest forest data set freely available in Japan to date. The network is a part of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project launched by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. It covers subarctic to subtropical climate zones and the four major forest types in Japan. Forty-two permanent plots, usually 1?ha in size, were established in old-growth or secondary natural forests. Censuses of woody species ??15?cm girth at breast height were conducted every year or once during 2004 to 2009. The data provide species abundance, survivorship and stem girth growth of 52,534 individuals of 334 tree and liana species. The censuses adopted common census protocol, which provide good opportunities for meta-analyses and comparative studies among forests. The data have been used for ecological studies as well as for the biodiversity reports published by the Ministry of the Environment. 相似文献
93.
Intrinsic growth rates often vary greatly among populations within a single species, implying that trade-offs with fast growth
are present. It has been hypothesized that such a trade-off exists between growth rate and development rate. Growth-development
trade-offs have been considered from observations of a negative correlation between growth and development rates among populations.
In this study, we examined not only interpopulation but also intrapopulation correlations in a fish Oryzias latipes. Rearing experiments revealed that larvae from a high-latitude population grew faster but metamorphosed at larger sizes than
larvae from a low-latitude population. Moreover, within each population, individuals that grew faster tended to delay metamorphosis.
The parallelism of the negative interpopulation and intrapopulation correlations between growth and development rates strongly
support a growth-development trade-off. Observations of swimming behaviors revealed that high-latitude, fast-growing juveniles
showed lower steady-swimming and burst-swimming speeds, probably reflecting that their underdeveloped skeletal and muscular
structures translated into the poorer swimming performances. These results suggest that the higher growth capacity of high-latitude
O. latipes has evolved at the expense of fast development. 相似文献
94.
Shinji Matsumoto Takashi Ito Atsushi Ito Kaname Tsuchiya Ren Chiba Kensuke Kitao 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》1984,23(4):287-294
Summary Yeast cells were irradiated with monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR) under wet conditions in the wavelength region from 160 to 185 nm at INS-SOR, Tokyo. By the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method applied to whole cells several elements were found to be released from the irradiated cells at the wavelengths shorter than 170 nm. The most drastic release occurred with phosphorus, followed potassium. Sulphur and calcium were not released over the whole wavelength region studied. It was also revealed that the release of these elements paralleled the cell inactivation. The cause of these element releases upon vaccuum-UV irradiation was inferred in relation to the dissociation of H2O molecules located in the vicinity of the cell surface region. 相似文献
95.
Functional significance of the specific sites phosphorylated in desmin at cleavage furrow: Aurora-B may phosphorylate and regulate type III intermediate filaments during cytokinesis coordinatedly with Rho-kinase
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Kawajiri A Yasui Y Goto H Tatsuka M Takahashi M Nagata K Inagaki M 《Molecular biology of the cell》2003,14(4):1489-1500
Aurora-B is a protein kinase required for chromosome segregation and the progression of cytokinesis during the cell cycle. We report here that Aurora-B phosphorylates GFAP and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. The sites phosphorylated by Aurora-B; Thr-7/Ser-13/Ser-38 of GFAP, and Thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate GFAP and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We identified Ser-59 of desmin to be a specific site phosphorylated by Aurora-B in vitro. Use of an antibody that specifically recognized desmin phosphorylated at Ser-59 led to the finding that the site is also phosphorylated specifically at the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis in Saos-2 cells. Desmin mutants, in which in vitro phosphorylation sites by Aurora-B and/or Rho-kinase are changed to Ala or Gly, cause dramatic defects in filament separation between daughter cells in cytokinesis. The results presented here suggest the possibility that Aurora-B may regulate cleavage furrow-specific phosphorylation and segregation of type III IFs coordinatedly with Rho-kinase during cytokinesis. 相似文献
96.
Adur J Takizawa S Quan J Uchide T Saida K 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2003,305(3):700-706
We developed the real-time PCR quantification of endothelin-A (ET-A) and endothelin-B (ET-B) receptor genes and present their relative expression levels in various adult tissues and during development in mouse using the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. ET-A and ET-B receptors were detected in all tissues examined. Gene expression of ET-A and ET-B receptors increases during the later stages of embryonic development in lung, heart, liver, kidney, and skin and reaches a maximum on the first one or two days after birth. The results, in agreement with our data on endothelin (ET) ligands, suggest that the ET system may be involved in the emergence and maintenance of functions vital after birth in these organs. These findings were corroborated through observation of the correlation between the gene expression and (poly)peptide production of the ET system in normal skin before and after parturition. 相似文献
97.
Zhu H Takahashi Y Xu W Kawajiri H Murakami T Yamamoto M Iseki S Iwasaki T Hattori H Yoshimoto T 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(15):13350-13355
Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is the key step for the development of atherosclerosis. The 12/15-lipoxygenase expressed in macrophages is capable of oxygenating linoleic acid esterified to cholesterol in the LDL particle, and thus this enzyme is presumed to initiate LDL oxidation. We recently reported that LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) was required for the enzyme-mediated LDL oxidation by macrophages and suggested the selective uptake of cholesterol ester from LDL to the plasma membrane (Xu, W., Takahashi, Y., Sakashita, T., Iwasaki, T., Hattori, H., and Yoshimoto. T. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 36454-36459). To elucidate precise mechanisms of lipoxygenase-mediated LDL oxidation, we investigated the intracellular localization of 12/15-lipoxygenase. The 12/15-lipoxygenase was predominantly detected in cytosol of resting peritoneal macrophages and of macrophage-like J774A.1 cells permanently transfected with the cDNA for the enzyme. When the cells were treated with LDL and subjected to subcellular fractionation, the 12/15-lipoxygenase was detected in the membranes with a concomitant decrease in cytosol as shown by Western blot analysis. The levels of the enzyme associated with the membrane reached maximum in 15 min after LDL addition and then decreased. However, the enzymatic activity of 12/15-lipoxygenase in the membrane fraction was very weak even after LDL treatment. This fact supports the suicide inactivation of the enzyme by the oxygenation of cholesterol ester transferred from the LDL particle to the plasma membrane. Immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody against 12/15-lipoxygenase revealed that the plasma membrane was the major site of the enzyme translocation by the LDL treatment. LDL-dependent 12/15-lipoxygenase translocation was inhibited by a blocking antibody against LRP. Furthermore, an enzyme translocation inhibitor, L655238, inhibited the LDL oxidation caused by the 12/15-lipoxygenase. We propose that cholesterol ester selectively transferred from the LDL particle to the plasma membrane via LRP is oxygenated by 12/15-lipoxygenase translocated to this membrane. 相似文献
98.
Yajima K Hirose H Fujita H Seto Y Fujita H Ukeda K Miyashita K Kawai T Yamamoto Y Ogawa T Yamada T Saruta T 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2003,284(5):E966-E971
Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists ameliorate insulin resistance, they sometimes cause body weight gain, and the effect of PPAR agonists on insulin secretion is unclear. We evaluated the effects of combination therapy with a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, and a PPARalpha agonist, bezafibrate, and a dual agonist, KRP-297, for 4 wk in male C57BL/6J mice and db/db mice, and we investigated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by in situ pancreatic perfusion. Body weight gain in db/db mice was less with KRP-297 treatment than with pioglitazone or pioglitazone + bezafibrate treatment. Plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid levels were elevated in untreated db/db mice compared with untreated C57BL/6J mice, and these parameters were significantly ameliorated in the PPARgamma agonist-treated groups. Also, PPARgamma agonists ameliorated the diminished GSIS and insulin content, and they preserved insulin and GLUT2 staining in db/db mice. GSIS was further increased by PPARgamma and -alpha agonists. We conclude that combination therapy with PPARgamma and PPARalpha agonists may be more useful with respect to body weight and pancreatic GSIS in type 2 diabetes with obesity. 相似文献
99.
100.
Liu X Matsushima A Okada H Tokunaga T Isozaki K Shimohigashi Y 《The FEBS journal》2007,274(24):6340-6351
Bisphenol A, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor that influences various physiological functions at very low doses, even though bisphenol A itself is ineffectual as a ligand for the estrogen receptor. We recently demonstrated that bisphenol A binds strongly to human estrogen-related receptor gamma, one of 48 human nuclear receptors. Bisphenol A functions as an inverse antagonist of estrogen-related receptor gamma to sustain the high basal constitutive activity of the latter and to reverse the deactivating inverse agonist activity of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. However, the intrinsic binding mode of bisphenol A remains to be clarified. In the present study, we report the binding potentials between the phenol-hydroxyl group of bisphenol A and estrogen-related receptor gamma residues Glu275 and Arg316 in the ligand-binding domain. By inducing mutations in other amino acids, we evaluated the change in receptor binding capability of bisphenol A. Wild-type estrogen-related receptor gamma-ligand-binding domain showed a strong binding ability (K(D) = 5.70 nm) for tritium-labeled [(3)H]bisphenol A. Simultaneous mutation to Ala at positions 275 and 316 resulted in an absolute inability to capture bisphenol A. However, individual substitutions revealed different degrees in activity reduction, indicating the chief importance of phenol-hydroxyl<-->Arg316 hydrogen bonding and the corroborative role of phenol-hydroxyl<-->Glu275 hydrogen bonding. The data obtained with other characteristic mutations suggested that these hydrogen bonds are conducive to the recruitment of phenol compounds by estrogen-related receptor gamma. These results clearly indicate that estrogen-related receptor gamma forms an appropriate structure presumably to adopt an unidentified endogenous ligand. 相似文献