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Genetic manipulation of gibberellin metabolism in transgenic rice 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Sakamoto T Morinaka Y Ishiyama K Kobayashi M Itoh H Kayano T Iwahori S Matsuoka M Tanaka H 《Nature biotechnology》2003,21(8):909-913
The 'green revolution' was fueled by the introduction of the semi-dwarf trait into cereal crop cultivars. The semi-dwarf cultivars--which respond abnormally to the plant growth hormone gibberellin (GA)--are more resistant to wind and rain damage and thus yield more grain when fertilized. To generate dwarf rice plants using a biotechnological approach, we modified the level of GA by overproduction of a GA catabolic enzyme, GA 2-oxidase. When the gene encoding GA 2-oxidase, OsGA2ox1, was constitutively expressed by the actin promoter, transgenic rice showed severe dwarfism but failed to set grain because GA is involved in both shoot elongation and reproductive development. In contrast, OsGA2ox1 ectopic expression at the site of bioactive GA synthesis in shoots under the control of the promoter of a GA biosynthesis gene, OsGA3ox2 (D18), resulted in a semi-dwarf phenotype that is normal in flowering and grain development. The stability and inheritance of these traits shows the feasibility of genetic improvement of cereal crops by modulation of GA catabolism and bioactive GA content. 相似文献
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During the development of the proventriculus (glandular stomach) of the chicken embryo, the endodermal epithelium invades into the surrounding mesenchyme and forms glands. The glandular epithelial cells produce pepsinogen, while the non-glandular (luminal) epithelial cells secrete mucus. Sonic hedgehog is expressed uniformly in the proventricular epithelium before gland formation, but its expression ceases in gland cells. Here we present evidence that down-regulation of Sonic hedgehog is necessary for gland formation in the epithelium using a specific inhibitor of Sonic hedgehog signaling and virus mediated overexpression of Sonic hedgehog. We also show that gland formation is not induced by down-regulation of Sonic hedgehog alone; a mesenchymal influence is also required. 相似文献
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Thylakoid membranes and Photosystem I (PS I) complexes were isolated from a glaucocystophyte, Cyanophora paradoxa, which is thought to have the most primitive ‘plastids’, and the proteins related to PS I were examined. The intrinsic light-harvesting
chlorophyll protein complexes of PS I (LHC I) were not detected by an immunological method. The PS I complexes consisted of
at least eight low-molecular-mass proteins in addition to PS I reaction center proteins. The N-terminal sequence of the PsaD
protein has higher homology to that of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and land plants, than to that of other algae or cyanobacteria. On the other hand, the PsaL sequence has the highest homology
to those of cyanobacteria. Taking into account the other sequences of PS I components whose genes are encoded in the cyanelle
genome, and the fact that LHC I is not detected, it is concluded that PS I of C. paradoxa has chimeric characteristics of both ‘green’ lineages and cyanobacteria.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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A New System for Stringent, High-Titer Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Protein-Pseudotyped Retrovirus Vector Induction by Introduction of Cre Recombinase into Stable Prepackaging Cell Lines 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
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Kanako Hisata S. Fujiwara Yuko Tsuchida M. Ohashi Kazuo Kawamura 《Development genes and evolution》1998,208(10):537-546
Retinoic acid is thought to induce transdifferentiation of multipotent epithelial stem cells in the developing buds of the
ascidian Polyandrocarpa misakiensis. We isolated a cDNA clone from this species, named PmRAR, encoding a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) homologue. PmRAR clusters
with other RARs on phylogenetic trees constructed by three different methods. Within the cluster, PmRAR is on a separate branch
from all the subtypes of RARs, suggesting that RAR subtypes arose in the ancestral vertebrates after divergence of vertebrates
and urochordates. The embryos of another ascidian species Ciona intestinalis were co-electroporated with a mixture of a PmRAR expression vector and a lacZ reporter plasmid containing vertebrate-type retinoic acid response elements. The expression of lacZ depended on the presence of both retinoic acid and PmRAR, suggesting that PmRAR is a functional receptor. PmRAR mRNA is expressed
in the epidermis and mesenchyme cells of the Polyandrocarpa developing bud. The mRNA is not detectable in the mesenchyme cells in the adult body wall, but its expression can be induced
by retinoic acid in vitro. These results suggest that the PmRAR is a mediator of retinoic acid signalling in transdifferentiation
during asexual reproduction of protochordates.
Received: 6 April 1998 / Accepted: 27 July 1998 相似文献
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Shin-ichiro Kawazu Hitoshi Takemae Kanako Komaki-Yasuda Shigeyuki Kano 《Parasitology international》2010,59(2):298-302
The target proteins of a cytosolic Trx (PfTrx-1) in Plasmodium falciparum with Trx-affinity chromatography were examined. Based on the Trx protein reduction pathway, we generated a cysteine mutant of PfTrx-1, which captures the target protein as a mixed disulfide intermediate. A number of proteins were captured with PfTrx-1(C33S) immobilized on resin and were eluted by DTT treatment. The PfTrx-1(C33S) immobilized resin-captured proteins were trypsin-digested and analyzed on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system. Analysis of the sequence data against databases assigned 20 proteins, four of which had been found previously in P. falciparum, with the remaining 16 being new targets. The potential Trx-target proteins included those in pathways such as the redox cycle, protein biosynthesis, energy metabolism and signal transduction. We captured 4 enzymes in the glycolysis pathway (hexokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate mutase and l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) as Trx-targets, and we found that PfTrx-1 enhanced the activity of PfGAPDH and PfLDH. 相似文献