Drought Tolerance in Mung Bean is Associated with the Genotypic Divergence,Regulation of Proline,Photosynthetic Pigment and Water Relation

Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating crop adaptability and global food security. In this context, the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant (BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7), and four drought sensitive (BARI Mung-1, BARI Mung-3, BU Mung-4, BMX-05001) mung bean genotypes under wellwatered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. The WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture (22% ± 0.5%, i.e., 30% deficit of available water) by regularly supplying water. Whereas, the WD treatment was maintained throughout the growing period, and water was applied when the wilting symptom appeared. The drought tolerant (DT) genotypes BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7 showed a high level of proline accumulation (2.52–5.99 mg g⁻¹ FW), photosynthetic pigment (total chlorophyll 2.96–3.27 mg g⁻¹ FW at flowering stage, and 1.62–2.38 mg g⁻¹ FW at pod developing stage), plant water relation attributes including relative water content (RWC) (82%–84%), water retention capacity (WRC) (12–14) as well as lower water saturation deficit (WSD) (19%–23%), and water uptake capacity (WUC) (2.58–2.89) under WD condition, which provided consequently higher relative seed yield. These indicate that the tolerant genotypes gained better physiobiochemical attributes and adaptability in response to drought conditions. Furthermore, the genotype BMX- 08010-2 showed superiority in terms of those physio-biochemical traits, susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI) to other genotypes. Based on the physiological and biochemical responses, the BMX-08010-2 was found to be a suitable genotype for sustaining yield under drought stress, and subsequently, it could be recommended for crop improvement through hybridization programs. In addition, the identified traits can be used as markers to identify tolerant genotypes for drought-prone areas.     

IgY‐binding peptide screened from a random peptide library as a ligand for IgY purification

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is a functional substitute for mammalian IgG for antigen detection. Traditional IgY purification methods involve multi‐step procedures resulting in low purity and recovery of IgY. In this study, we developed a simple IgY purification system using IgY‐specific peptides identified by T7 phage display technology. From disulfide‐constrained random peptide libraries constructed on a T7 phage, we identified three specific binding clones (Y4‐4, Y5‐14, and Y5‐55) through repeated biopanning. The synthetic peptides showed high binding specificity to IgY‐Fc and moderate affinity for IgY‐Fc (K_d: Y4‐4 = 7.3 ± 0.2 μM and Y5‐55 = 4.4 ± 0.1 μM) by surface plasmon resonance analysis. To evaluate the ability to purify IgY, we performed immunoprecipitation and affinity high‐performance liquid chromatography using IgY‐binding peptides; the result indicated that these peptides can be used as affinity ligands for IgY purification. We then used a peptide‐conjugated column to purify IgY from egg yolks pre‐treated using an optimized delipidation technique. Here, we report the construction of a cost‐effective, one‐step IgY purification system, with high purity and recovery. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

A Novel Bayesian Method for Detection of APOBEC3-Mediated Hypermutation and Its Application to Zoonotic Transmission of Simian Foamy Viruses

Simian Foamy Virus (SFV) can be transmitted from non-human primates (NHP) to humans. However, there are no documented cases of human to human transmission, and significant differences exist between infection in NHP and human hosts. The mechanism for these between-host differences is not completely understood. In this paper we develop a new Bayesian approach to the detection of APOBEC3-mediated hypermutation, and use it to compare SFV sequences from human and NHP hosts living in close proximity in Bangladesh. We find that human APOBEC3G can induce genetic changes that may prevent SFV replication in infected humans in vivo.     

A soil bacterium can shape belowground interactions between maize,herbivores and entomopathogenic nematodes

Plant and Soil - Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) use odor cues to locate and infect their insect hosts in the soil, making them an important tool in sustainable management of agricultural insect...     

Cloud to cloud data migration using self sovereign identity for 5G and beyond

Cluster Computing - The Coronavirus pandemic and the work-from-anywhere has created a shift toward cloud-based services. The pandemic is causing an explosion in cloud migration, expected that by...     

A DSS for job scheduling under process interruptions

The primary objective of this research is to solve the job-shop scheduling problems (JSSPs), by minimizing the makespan, with and without process interruptions. In this paper, we first developed a genetic algorithm for solving JSSPs, and then improved the algorithm by integrating it with two simple priority rules and a hybrid rule. The performance of the developed algorithm was tested by solving 40 benchmark problems and comparing their results with that of a number of well-known algorithms. In addition, we have studied the job-shop scheduling under process interruptions such as machine unavailability and breakdown. For convenience of implementation, we have developed a decision support system (DSS). In the DSS, we built a graphical user interface for user friendly data inputs, model choices, and output generation. An overview of the DSS and an analysis of the experimental results are provided. The incorporation of priority rules, and a hybrid rule, not only improves the solutions but also reduces the overall computational time. The experimental results show that when the machine unavailability information is known in advance, the effect on the schedule is very little compared to the sudden machine breakdown scenario.     

A review of the impact of environmental factors and pollutants on covid-19 transmission

Aerobiologia - The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused an unprecedented loss of life with colossal social and economic fallout over 237 countries and territories worldwide. Environmental...     

Photoelectrochemical Wiring of Paulschulzia pseudovolvox (Algae) to Osmium Polymer Modified Electrodes for Harnessing Solar Energy

Studies on biological photovoltaics based on intact organisms are challenging and in most cases include diffusing mediators to facilitate electrochemical communication with electrodes. However, using such mediators is impractical. Instead, surface confined Os‐polymers have been successfully used in electrochemical studies including oxidoreductases and bacterial cells but not with algae. Photoelectrogenic activity of a green alga, Paulschulzia pseudovolvox, immobilized on graphite or Os‐polymer modified graphite is demonstrated. Direct electron transfer is revealed, when no mediator is added, between algae and electrodes with electrons emerging from photolysis of water via the cells to the electrode exhibiting a photocurrent density of 0.02 μA cm^?2. Os‐polymers with different redox potentials and structures are used to optimize the energy gap between the photosynthetic complexes of the cells and the Os‐polymers and those of greater solubility, better accessibility with membranes, and relatively higher potentials yielded a photocurrent density of 0.44 μA cm^?2. When benzoquinone is included to the electrolyte, the photocurrent density reaches 6.97 μA cm^?2. The photocurrent density is improved to 11.50 μA cm^?2, when the cells are protected from reactive oxygen species when either superoxide dismutase or catalase is added. When adding an inhibitor specific for photosystem II, diuron, the photocurrent is decreased by 50%.