酶促红花油水解中的时间效应

目的:研究无溶剂体系中脂肪酶催化红花油水解反应的时间效应。方法:采用单因素实验法,确定不同反应时间时各因素的最佳水平。结果:反应1h时的最适条件为35℃、n(水)/n(油)比35p、H 7.0、缓冲液浓度0.05mol/L、添加0.2?Cl2;反应24h时,最适条件为26℃、n(水)/n(油)比60p、H 7.6,缓冲液浓度及CaCl2的影响不显著。结论:水解最佳条件随反应时间变化,应根据反应时间长短确定各因素的最佳水平。     

Possible linkage between uncoiler chromosome Un 1 and mylase polymorphism Amy 2 loci

Summary A family has been investigated in which 7 from 12 members bear the uncoiler chromosome number 1 pair. In all these members with uncoiler chromosome 1 heterozygous amylase polymorphism variant Amy 2^A2^B has been estimated (with exception of one 3-month-old boy in whom the phenotype of amylase variant is not yet fully developed). This pedigree represents a typical double back-cross family which enables to suppose very probably the close linkage between both gene loci Un 1 and Amy 2 and also to assign Amy 2 locus to chromosome 1.

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Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine Familie, in welcher 7 unter insgesamt 12 untersuchten Familienmitgliedern ein asymmetrisches Chromosom des ersten Chromosompaares mit den sehr verlängerten langen Armen (uncoiler chromosome) gefunden wurde. Bei allen diesen Familienmitgliedern mit, uncoiler chromosome 1 wurde auch gleichzeitig die heterozygote Variante des Amylase-Polymorphismus Amy 2^A2^B gefunden (mit Ausnahme eines 3 Monate alten Knaben, bei welchem das Phenotyp der Amylase-Variante noch nicht völlig entwickelt wurde). Dieser Stammbaum stellt eine typische double back-cross-Familie vor, aus welcher mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit die linkage zwischen beiden Genorten Un 1 und Amy 2 und damit auch die Lokalisation des Genortes Amy 2 auf dem Chromosom 1 hervorgeht.

     

Pharmacokinetic conversion study of a new cyclosporine formulation in stable adult renal transplant recipients

Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a standard component of immunosuppressive regimens. It is a critical-dose drug for which a minor change in absorption can have important clinical consequences. The aim of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and safety of the new generic CyA formulation, Equoral capsules, after a switch from original formulation, Neoral capsules, in seventy stable adult renal transplant recipients. The extent and rate of pharmacokinetic parameters for bioequivalence were compared in a non-randomized, steady-state clinical study with fixed non-replicate study design. Pharmacokinetic analysis of CyA have shown that both the rate and extent of absorption of Equoral does not differ significantly from that of Neoral. At identical dosing, the new formulation was found to have geometric means of C(max) 717 ng/ml and AUCtau 3108 ng/ml.h, while corresponding results of comparator were 725 ng/ml and AUCtau 3039 ng/ml.h, respectively. The 90 % confidence intervals of C(max) and AUCtau were within 80- 125 % interval of the mean values. The results suggest that Equoral capsules can be used as an alternative treatment to Neoral capsules in CyA regimen.     

Transparent mediation-based access to multiple yeast data sources using an ontology driven interface

Background

Over the past decade the workflow system paradigm has evolved as an efficient and user-friendly approach for developing complex bioinformatics applications. Two popular workflow systems that have gained acceptance by the bioinformatics community are Taverna and Galaxy. Each system has a large user-base and supports an ever-growing repository of application workflows. However, workflows developed for one system cannot be imported and executed easily on the other. The lack of interoperability is due to differences in the models of computation, workflow languages, and architectures of both systems. This lack of interoperability limits sharing of workflows between the user communities and leads to duplication of development efforts.

Results

In this paper, we present Tavaxy, a stand-alone system for creating and executing workflows based on using an extensible set of re-usable workflow patterns. Tavaxy offers a set of new features that simplify and enhance the development of sequence analysis applications: It allows the integration of existing Taverna and Galaxy workflows in a single environment, and supports the use of cloud computing capabilities. The integration of existing Taverna and Galaxy workflows is supported seamlessly at both run-time and design-time levels, based on the concepts of hierarchical workflows and workflow patterns. The use of cloud computing in Tavaxy is flexible, where the users can either instantiate the whole system on the cloud, or delegate the execution of certain sub-workflows to the cloud infrastructure.

Conclusions

Tavaxy reduces the workflow development cycle by introducing the use of workflow patterns to simplify workflow creation. It enables the re-use and integration of existing (sub-) workflows from Taverna and Galaxy, and allows the creation of hybrid workflows. Its additional features exploit recent advances in high performance cloud computing to cope with the increasing data size and complexity of analysis. The system can be accessed either through a cloud-enabled web-interface or downloaded and installed to run within the user's local environment. All resources related to Tavaxy are available at http://www.tavaxy.org.     

Effect of West Nile Virus on serotonin concentration of mouse brain

Summary Following intracerebral inoculation of West Nile Virus into suckling mice, the serotonin content of the brain tissue decreased 15% after 48 h and by 78% after 72 h.

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Effet du virus du Nil de l'Ouest sur la concentration en serotonine du cerveau de souris

Résumé L'inoculation intracérébrale du virus du Nil de l'Ouest chez le souriceau allaité, entraîne une diminution du contenu en serotonine du tissus cérébral de 15% après 48 h et de 78% après 72 h.

     

The Differentiation of Live From Dead Sperms in Fowl Semen

A combined stain solution is made by dissolving 0.1 gm bromphenol blue and 0.2 gm nigrosin in 100 ml of a M/15 buffer solution of KH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ adjusted to pH 7.5. This staining solution was used to prepare stained fowl semen smears. Such smears give stable differentiation of live from dead sperms. The dead sperms are stained with a dark violet color while the live ones are not stained.     

Poor Long-Term Outcome in Second Kidney Transplantation: A Delayed Event

Background

Old studies reported a worse outcome for second transplant recipient (STR) than for first transplant recipient (FTR) mainly due to non-comparable populations with numbers confounding factors. More recent analysis, based on improved methodology by using multivariate regressions, challenged this generally accepted idea: the poor prognosis for STR is still under debate.

Methodology

To assess the long-term patient-and-graft survival of STR compared to FTR, we performed an observational study based on the French DIVAT prospective cohort between 1996 and 2010 (N = 3103 including 641 STR). All patients were treated with a CNI, an mTOR inhibitor or belatacept in addition to steroids and mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance therapy. Patient-and-graft survival and acute rejection episode (ARE) were analyzed using Cox models adjusted for all potential confounding factors such as pre-transplant anti-HLA immunization.

Results

We showed that STR have a higher risk of graft failure than FTR (HR = 2.18, p = 0.0013) but that this excess risk was observed after few years of transplantation. There was no significant difference between STR and FTR in the occurrence of either overall ARE (HR = 1.01, p = 0.9675) or steroid-resistant ARE (HR = 1.27, p = 0.4087).

Conclusions

The risk of graft failure following second transplantation remained consistently higher than that observed in first transplantation after adjusting for confounding factors. The rarely performed time-dependent statistical modeling may explain the heterogeneous conclusions of the literature concerning second transplantation outcomes. In clinical practice, physicians should not consider STR and FTR equally.     

Pharmacodynamic effects of everolimus on anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-10 synthesis in stable kidney-transplant patients

Everolimus (rapamycin derivative, RAD) is a new immunosuppressive drug that prevents allograft rejection. Herein, the pharmacodynamics of everolimus in human renal-allograft recipients is evaluated. Single doses of everolimus (0.75–10 mg), combined with a maintenance immunosuppressive therapy based on CyA, decreased lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, the effect of multiple doses of everolimus (0.75–10 mg) given daily for 21 days, to stable renal-allograft patients (n = 11), was investigated. Everolimus treatment resulted in immediate inhibition (25–55%) of lymphocyte proliferation in renal-allograft recipients; values returning to baseline by 14 days after cessation of everolimus treatment. Placebo-treated patients showed no decrease in lymphocyte proliferation. Interestingly, everolimus reduced IL-10 synthesis by 20–60% in renal-allograft recipients. Phagocytosis rates were not changed by everolimus. In vitro, everolimus inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and IL-10 synthesis dose dependently in anti-CD3 mAb and LPS stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures derived from human volunteers.     

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of Consupren solution and Sandimmun Neoral solution, 50 ml in stable heart transplant patients

Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a standard component of immunosuppressive regimen after heart transplantation in most centres. The widespread clinical use of cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimens since 1983 has led to significant improvements in the survival of cardiac allograft recipients due to decreased mortality from infections and rejections. (1-3) CyA has been shown to be safe and effective. Owing to its success when used after the heart transplantation the number of patients has also risen. This caused growing financial demands on health insurance companies in the Czech Republic where the immunosuppressive drugs are fully reimbursed. A prospective randomized study in 11 stable heart transplant patients was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of Consupren (IVAX-CR) a Sandimmun Neoral (Novartis) solution based immunosuppressive regimen. The results suggest that Consupren solution can be used as an alternative treatment to Sandimmun Neoral in CyA based regimen.