Selenolanthionine is the major water-soluble selenium compound in the selenium tolerant plant Cardamine violifolia

Background

Selenium hyperaccumulation in plants often involves the synthesis of non-proteinaceous methylated selenoamino acids serving for the elimination of excess selenium from plant metabolism to protect plant homeostasis.

The first record of subtropical insects (Thysanoptera) in central Europe: long‐distance transport of airborne thrips,applying three‐dimensional backward trajectories

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Are Seafood PCB Data Sufficient to Assess Health Risk for High Seafood Consumption Groups?

Some populations in Washington's Puget Sound area consume much more seafood than the general population. Mean consumption rates are 61?g/person/day for the Tulalip and Squaxin Island Tribes and 117.2?g/person/day for Asian and Pacific Islanders (API). There is concern about possible health risks from seafood PCB exposure for these groups, but exposure evaluation is difficult due to inadequacies of environmental data. Available seafood PCB data were matched to results from recent seafood consumption surveys. To rate quality of matches and identify data gaps, a ranking system based on species specificity, data quality, and location compatibility was developed. Sensitivity of total PCB and congenerspecific PCB testing (for use in TCDD toxic equivalency approaches) necessary for cancer risk assessment was explored and included in the ranking scheme. For the Squaxin Tribe, appropriate total PCB data for risk assessment were available for 58% of seafood consumed, which is dominated by local salmon. For API, appropriate total PCB data were identified for only 4% of seafood consumed, which is dominated by commercial shellfish. Insufficient sensitivity of commercial seafood PCB analysis and overall lack of sufficiently sensitive PCB congener analysis are major gaps in ability to characterize PCB exposure and risk for these groups.     

The discovery of a structurally novel class of inhibitors of the type 1 glycine transporter

The type 1 glycine transporter plays an important in regulating homeostatic glycine levels in the brain that are relevant to the activation of the NMDA receptor by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. We describe herein the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of a structurally novel class of GlyT1 inhibitors following on a lead derived from high throughput screening, which shows good selectivity for GlyT1 and potent activity in elevating CSF levels of glycine.     

Erythropoietin is a novel therapeutic option in the treatment of anemia caused by small cell lung cancer

Anemia is very common among patients with malignant tumors, due to the disease and chemotherapy. Anemia decreases the patient's quality of life. Erythropoietin therapy is accessible in Hungary for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients suffering from small cell lung cancer. In our case report we present the case of a 62-year-old female small cell lung cancer patient with severe anemia, treated by erythropoietin-beta. The erythropoietin treatment provided the possibility of effective chemo- and radiotherapy. The patient's quality of life greatly improved due to the lack of the symptoms of anemia. The adequate use of erythropoietin is of great help to the physician in the management of small cell lung cancer patients, by improving the quality of life.     

MAPK phosphatase AP2C3 induces ectopic proliferation of epidermal cells leading to stomata development in Arabidopsis

In plant post-embryonic epidermis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling promotes differentiation of pavement cells and inhibits initiation of stomata. Stomata are cells specialized to modulate gas exchange and water loss. Arabidopsis MAPKs MPK3 and MPK6 are at the core of the signaling cascade; however, it is not well understood how the activity of these pleiotropic MAPKs is constrained spatially so that pavement cell differentiation is promoted only outside the stomata lineage. Here we identified a PP2C-type phosphatase termed AP2C3 (Arabidopsis protein phosphatase 2C) that is expressed distinctively during stomata development as well as interacts and inactivates MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6. AP2C3 co-localizes with MAPKs within the nucleus and this localization depends on its N-terminal extension. We show that other closely related phosphatases AP2C2 and AP2C4 are also MAPK phosphatases acting on MPK6, but have a distinct expression pattern from AP2C3. In accordance with this, only AP2C3 ectopic expression is able to stimulate cell proliferation leading to excess stomata development. This function of AP2C3 relies on the domains required for MAPK docking and intracellular localization. Concomitantly, the constitutive and inducible AP2C3 expression deregulates E2F-RB pathway, promotes the abundance and activity of CDKA, as well as changes of CDKB1;1 forms. We suggest that AP2C3 downregulates the MAPK signaling activity to help maintain the balance between differentiation of stomata and pavement cells.     

CsrA and TnaB coregulate tryptophanase activity to promote exotoxin-induced killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC) requires the tnaA-encoded enzyme tryptophanase and its substrate tryptophan to synthesize diffusible exotoxins that kill the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding protein CsrA and the tryptophan permease TnaB coregulate tryptophanase activity, through mutually exclusive pathways, to stimulate toxin-mediated paralysis and killing of C. elegans.     

Comparison of serotonin agonistic and antagonistic activities of a new antidepressant agent Trelibet (EGYT-475) and its metabolite EGYT-2760 on isolated rat fundus.

The effects of Trelibet (EGYT-475, N-benzyl-piperazine-picolinyl-fumarate) and its active metabolite (EGYT-2760, N-benzyl-piperazine) on the serotoninergic responses of rat stomach fundus were investigated and compared with those of MCPP (m-chlorophenyl-piperazine) which is the common metabolite of the arylpiperazine antidepressants Trazodone and Etoperidone. The contraction inhibitory potencies of the agents were determined on the equipotent contractions (EC50) to serotonin (5-HT) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Isotonic contractile responses to 5-HT were not affected by EGYT-475, however, both EGYT-2760 and MCPP produced concentration related and reversible inhibition of the serotoninergic responses. The IC50 values for EGYT-2760 and MCPP were 40.5 +/- 7.5 mumol/l and 125 +/- 35 nmol/l, respectively. The inhibition was selective for the serotoninergic responses, as the equipotent responses to PGF2 alpha were not affected. EGYT-2760 and MCPP displayed not only 5-HT antagonistic, but also partial agonistic activities on the rat fundus preparation. Maximum contractile response of the fundus preparation to MCPP was approximately 25%, to EGYT-2760 was 10% of the maximum response to 5-HT.