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391.
Kalle Gehring 《Proteins》2018,86(2):263-267
Legionella pneumophila is a pathogen causing severe pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires’ disease. Lem22 is a previously uncharacterized effector protein conserved in multiple Legionella strains. Here, we report the crystal structure of Lem22 from the Philadelphia strain, also known as lpg2328, at 1.40 Å resolution. The structure shows an up‐and‐down three‐helical bundle with a significant structural similarity to a number of protein‐binding domains involved in apoptosis and membrane trafficking. Sequence conservation identifies a putative functional site on the interface of helices 2 and 3. The structure is an important step toward a functional characterization of Lem22. 相似文献
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This contribution takes the notion of herbal landscape (a mental field associated with plants used to cure or prevent diseases
and established within specific cultural and climatic zones) as a starting point. The authors argue that the features by which
a person recognises the plant in the natural growing environment is of crucial importance for the classification and the use
of plants within the folk tradition. The process of perception of the plant can be divided into analytical categories according
to the sign concept of Charles Sanders Peirce. Whereas the plant can be seen as the object, the feature(s) the plant is recognised by is (are) the representamen(s), and the image of the plant within the herbal landscape can be understood as the interpretant. Different methods of perception of the signs within the herbal landscape are demonstrated comparing the herbal knowledge
acquired from the herbals with the method of plant recognition learned in the traditional way. The first can be looked at
with the terms of Tim Ingold as transportation, using plant features to go across, leaving all other signs present in the landscape unnoticed. The wayfarer, guided by signs learned within the context of surroundings, walks along and perceives the plant as a part of the herbal landscape. Although the examples analysed come from Estonian ethnobotany,
the method of analysis can be applied in ethnobotanical research worldwide. 相似文献
394.
Synthesis of dipicolinic acid inPenicillium citreoviride showed typical kinetics of a secondary metabolite. Its synthesis resumed during idiophase and continued through stationary phase of growth. Total duration of synthesis was 100 h at the end of which its synthesis was arrested. Production of dipicolinic acid by the cells was subject to catabolite repression by glucose and was not subject to end product inhibition by exogenously added dipicolinic acid. Unlike the bacteria, dipicolinic acid synthesis in this mold was highly sensitive to inhibition by calcium ions in the growth medium. Calcium promoted sporulation but dipicolinic acid was not found to be present in detectable amounts in mold spores. Addition of dipicolinic acid and Ca2+ completely inhibited itsde novo synthesis, an effect not observed when calcium was replaced by Mg2+ When the mold was grown in the presence of calcium alone, its inhibitory effects onde novo synthesis of dipicolinic acid were expressed only after some of this metabolite was first synthesised by the producer cells suggesting that the active feedback inhibitor is probably a Ca: dipicolinic acid complex. It is suggested that over-production of this metabolite is very important to the mold in increasing its survival potential in nature by retrieving the essential minerals from the environment through ligand: metal complex at a time when cells are in the process of dying, so that a proper mineral balance is maintained within the cells 相似文献
395.
Development and fate of Eutreptiella gymnastica bloom in nutrient-enriched enclosures in the coastal Baltic Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Response of the phytoplankton community to bottom-up (nutrients,organic carbon source) and top-down (fish) manipulations, bothsingly and together, were studied daily during a 3 week periodin July 1993 by using eight 50 m3 mesocosms in the coastal northernBaltic Sea. Nutrient additions (once per week) invoked a seriesof blooms of Eutreptiella gymnastica Throndsen (Euglenophyceae)(up to 13 x 103 cells ml1) which formed the major part(6090%) of the total autotrophic biomass. After rapiddepletion of nutrients (23 days) from the surface layer(06 m) downwards migration and a subsequent peak of E.gymnasticain the lower part of the water columns (612 m) followed.Settled material collected from the bottom of the enclosurescontained a considerable amount of E.gymnastica cells and restingcysts. Nevertheless, sinking loss rates of E.gymnastica wereestimated to be less than 1% day1 of the suspended cellnumbers. The fate of E.gymnastica blooms was estimated to begrazing through mesozooplankton. However, provided the nutrientsare plentiful in the water column, the growth potential of E.gymnasticaappears to exceed the ambient grazing pressure. If the nutrientsbecome depleted, it seems to be effectively controlled by mesozooplanktongrazing, which is probably limiting the likelihood of massiveE.gymnastica blooms in the coastal Baltic Sea. Our study suggeststhat E.gymnastica appears to be a fast-growing fugitive (bloom)species with flexible behavioural (vertical migration) and lifehistory (cyst formation) adaptations which is able to exertdominant role and direct trophic relations similar to otherbloom species adapted for decaying turbulence and high nutrientenvironments. 相似文献
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398.
Leif Schulman Kalle Ruokolainen Leo Junikka Ilari E. Sääksjärvi Matti Salo Sanna-Kaisa Juvonen Jukka Salo Mark Higgins 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2007,16(11):3011-3051
Protected areas are crucial for Amazonian nature conservation. Many Amazonian reserves have been selected systematically to
achieve biodiversity representativeness. We review the role natural-scientific understanding has played in reserve selection,
and evaluate the theoretical potential of the existing reserves to cover a complete sample of the species diversity of the
Amazonian rainforest biome. In total, 108 reserves (604,832 km2) are treated as strictly protected and Amazonian; 87 of these can be seen as systematically selected to sample species diversity
(75.3% of total area). Because direct knowledge on all species distributions is unavailable, surrogates have been used to
select reserves: direct information on some species distributions (15 reserves, 14.8% of total area); species distribution
patterns predicted on the basis of conceptual models, mainly the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis, (5/10.3%); environmental units
(46/27.3%); or a combination of distribution patterns and environmental units (21/22.9%). None of these surrogates are reliable:
direct information on species distributions is inadequate; the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis is highly controversial; and
environmental classifications do not capture all relevant ecological variation, and their relevance for species distribution
patterns is undocumented. Hence, Amazonian reserves cannot be safely assumed to capture all Amazonian species. To improve
the situation, transparency and an active dialogue with the scientific community should be integral to conservation planning.
We suggest that the best currently available approach for sampling Amazonian species diversity in reserve selection is to
simultaneously inventory indicator plant species and climatic and geological conditions, and to combine field studies with
remote sensing. 相似文献
399.
Kalle Sigfridsson Mikael Sundahl Morten J. Bjerrum Ö. Hansson 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》1996,1(5):405-414
A site-directed mutant of spinach plastocyanin, Pc(Tyr83-His), has been modified by covalent attachment of a photoactive [Ru(bpy)2(im)]2+ complex to the His83 residue. The residue is surface exposed and located about 10–12?Å from the copper ion at the entrance of a proposed natural electron transfer pathway from cytochrome f. Electron transfer within the Ru-Pc complex has been studied with time-resolved optical spectroscopy using two different approaches. In the first, the fully reduced [Cu(I), Ru(II)] protein was photoexcited and subsequently oxidized by an external quencher, forming the [Cu(I), Ru(III)] protein. This was followed by an electron transfer from reduced Cu(I) to Ru(III). In the second method, the initially oxidized Cu(II) ion acted as an internal quencher for excited Ru(II) and the photoinduced reduction of the Cu(II) ion was followed by a thermal recombination with the Ru(III) ion. The reoxidation of the Cu ion, which has an estimated driving force of 0.56?eV, occured with a rate constant k et?=?(9.5±1.0)×106?s–1, observed with both methods. The results suggest a strong electronic coupling (H DA>0.3?cm–1) along the Ru-His(83)-Cys(84)-Cu pathway. 相似文献