全文获取类型
收费全文 | 78篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 3篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有85条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
61.
Başak Kükrer Kaletaş Ingrid M. van der Wiel Jonathan Stauber Lennard J. Dekker Coşkun Güzel Johan M. Kros Theo M. Luider Ron M. A. Heeren 《Proteomics》2009,9(10):2622-2633
Imaging MS is a powerful technique that combines the chemical and spatial analysis of surfaces. It allows spatial localization of multiple different compounds that are recorded in parallel without the need of a label. It is currently one of the rapidly developing techniques in the proteomics toolbox. Different complementary imaging MS methods, i.e. MALDI and secondary ion MS imaging for direct tissue analysis, can be applied on exactly the same tissue sample. This allows the identification of small molecules, peptides and proteins present on the same sample surface. Sample preparation is crucial to obtain high quality, reliable and reproducible complementary molecular images. It is essential to optimize the conditions for each step in the sample preparation protocol, ranging from sample collection and storage to surface modification. In this article, we review and discuss the importance of correct sample treatment in case of MALDI and secondary ion MS imaging experiments and describe the experimental requirements for optimal sample preparation. 相似文献
62.
63.
Phylogenetic evidence for role-reversals of gender-associated mitochondrial DNA in Mytilus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hoeh WR; Stewart DT; Saavedra C; Sutherland BW; Zouros E 《Molecular biology and evolution》1997,14(9):959-967
Distinct gender-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages (i.e.,
lineages which are transmitted either through males or through females)
have been demonstrated in two families of bivalves, the Mytilidae (marine
mussels) and the Unionidae (freshwater mussels), which have been separated
for more than 400 Myr. The mode of transmission of these M (for
male-transmitted) and F (for female-transmitted) molecules has been
referred to as doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), in contrast to
standard maternal inheritance (SMI), which is the norm in animals. A
previous study suggested that at least three origins of DUI are required to
explain the phylogenetic pattern of M and F lineages in freshwater and
marine mussels. Here we present phylogenetic evidence based on partial
sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and the 16S RNA gene
that indicates the DUI is a dynamic phenomenon. Specifically, we
demonstrate that F lineages in three species of Mytilus mussels, M. edulis,
M. trossulus, and M. californianus, have spawned separate lineages which
are now associated only with males. This process is referred to as
"masculinization" of F mtDNA. By extension, we propose that DUI may be a
primitive bivalve character and that periodic masculinization events
combined with extinction of previously existing M types effectively reset
the time of divergence between conspecific gender-associated mtDNA
lineages.
相似文献
64.
Combining protein evolution and secondary structure 总被引:19,自引:9,他引:10
An evolutionary model that combines protein secondary structure and amino
acid replacement is introduced. It allows likelihood analysis of aligned
protein sequences and does not require the underlying secondary (or
tertiary) structures of these sequences to be known. One component of the
model describes the organization of secondary structure along a protein
sequence and another specifies the evolutionary process for each category
of secondary structure. A database of proteins with known secondary
structures is used to estimate model parameters representing these two
components. Phylogeny, the third component of the model, can be estimated
from the data set of interest. As an example, we employ our model to
analyze a set of sucrose synthase sequences. For the evolution of sucrose
synthase, a parametric bootstrap approach indicates that our model is
statistically preferable to one that ignores secondary structure.
相似文献
65.
M Palczewska P Groves A Ambrus A Kaleta K E K?vér G Batta J Ku?nicki 《European journal of biochemistry》2001,268(23):6229-6237
This study characterizes the calcium-bound CR I-II domain (residues 1-100) of rat calretinin (CR). CR, with six EF-hand motifs, is believed to function as a neuronal intracellular calcium-buffer and/or calcium-sensor. The secondary structure of CR I-II, defined by standard NMR methods on 13C,15N-labeled protein, contains four helices and two short interacting segments of extended structure between the calcium-binding loops. The linker between the two helix-loop-helix, EF-hand motifs is 12 residues long. Limited trypsinolysis at K60 (there are 10 other K/R residues in CR I-II) confirms that the linker of CR I-II is solvent-exposed and that other potential sites are protected by regular secondary structure. 45Ca-overlay of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-CR(1-60) and GST-CR(61-100) fusion proteins confirm that both EF-hands of CR I-II have intrinsic calcium-binding properties. The primary sequence and NMR chemical shifts, including calcium-sensitive glycine residues, also suggest that both EF-hand loops of CR I-II bind calcium. NMR relaxation, analytical ultracentrifugation, chemical cross-linking and NMR translation diffusion measurements indicate that CR I-II exists as a monomer. Calb I-II (the homologous domain of calbindin D28k) has the same EF-hand secondary structures as CR I-II, except that helix B is three residues longer and the linker has only four residues [Klaus, W., Grzesiek, S., Labhardt, A. M., Buckwald, P., Hunziker, W., Gross, M. D. & Kallick, D. A. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 262, 933-938]. In contrast, Calb I-II binds one calcium cation per monomeric unit and exists as a dimer. Despite close homology and similar secondary structures, CR I-II and Calb I-II probably have distinct tertiary structure features that suggest different cellular functions for the full-length proteins. 相似文献
66.
Chun-Nan Hsu Jin-Mei Lai Chia-Hung Liu Huei-Hun Tseng Chih-Yun Lin Kuan-Ting Lin Hsu-Hua Yeh Ting-Yi Sung Wen-Lian Hsu Li-Jen Su Sheng-An Lee Chang-Han Chen Gen-Cher Lee DT Lee Yow-Ling Shiue Chang-Wei Yeh Chao-Hui Chang Cheng-Yan Kao Chi-Ying F Huang 《BMC bioinformatics》2007,8(1):1-12
Background
An adequate and expressive ontological representation of biological organisms and their parts requires formal reasoning mechanisms for their relations of physical aggregation and containment.Results
We demonstrate that the proposed formalism allows to deal consistently with "role propagation along non-taxonomic hierarchies", a problem which had repeatedly been identified as an intricate reasoning problem in biomedical ontologies.Conclusion
The proposed approach seems to be suitable for the redesign of compositional hierarchies in (bio)medical terminology systems which are embedded into the framework of the OBO (Open Biological Ontologies) Relation Ontology and are using knowledge representation languages developed by the Semantic Web community. 相似文献67.
Katharina Ledebur Michaela Kaleta Jiaying Chen Simon D. Lindner Caspar Matzhold Florian Weidle Christoph Wittmann Katharina Habimana Linda Kerschbaumer Sophie Stumpfl Georg Heiler Martin Bicher Nikolas Popper Florian Bachner Peter Klimek 《PLoS computational biology》2022,18(4)
The drivers behind regional differences of SARS-CoV-2 spread on finer spatio-temporal scales are yet to be fully understood. Here we develop a data-driven modelling approach based on an age-structured compartmental model that compares 116 Austrian regions to a suitably chosen control set of regions to explain variations in local transmission rates through a combination of meteorological factors, non-pharmaceutical interventions and mobility. We find that more than 60% of the observed regional variations can be explained by these factors. Decreasing temperature and humidity, increasing cloudiness, precipitation and the absence of mitigation measures for public events are the strongest drivers for increased virus transmission, leading in combination to a doubling of the transmission rates compared to regions with more favourable weather. We conjecture that regions with little mitigation measures for large events that experience shifts toward unfavourable weather conditions are particularly predisposed as nucleation points for the next seasonal SARS-CoV-2 waves. 相似文献
68.
Summary The initial mechanisms of injury to the proximal tubule following exposure to nephrotoxic heavy metals are not well established. We studied the immediate effects of silver (Ag+) on K+ transport and respiration with extracellular K+ and O2 electrodes in suspensions of renal cortical tubules. Addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to tubules suspended in bicarbonate Ringer's solution caused a rapid, dose-dependent net K+ efflux (K
m
=10–4
m,V
max=379 nmol K+/min/mg protein) which was not inhibited by furosemide, barium chloride, quinine, tetraethylammonium, or tolbutamide. An increase in the ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption rate (QO2) (13.9±1.1 to 25.7±4.4 nmol O2/min/mg,P<0.001), was observed 19 sec after the K+ efflux induced by AgNO3 (10–4
m), suggesting a delayed increase in Na+ entry into the cell. Ouabain-insensitive QO2, nystatin-stimulated QO2, and CCCP-uncoupled QO2 were not significantly affected, indicating preserved function of the Na+, K+-ATPase and mitochondria. External addition of the thiol reagents dithiothreitol (1mm) and reduced glutathione (1mm) prevented and/or immediately reversed the effects on K+ transport and QO2. We conclude that Ag+ causes early changes in the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ and then to Na+ at concentrations that do not limit Na+, K+-ATPase activity or mitochondrial function. These alterations are likely the result of a reversible interaction of Ag+ with sulfhydryl groups of cell membrane proteins and may represent initial cytotoxic effects common to other sulfhydryl-reactive heavy metals on the proximal tubule. 相似文献
69.
70.
Genome sequence of Lactobacillus helveticus, an organism distinguished by selective gene loss and insertion sequence element expansion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Callanan M Kaleta P O'Callaghan J O'Sullivan O Jordan K McAuliffe O Sangrador-Vegas A Slattery L Fitzgerald GF Beresford T Ross RP 《Journal of bacteriology》2008,190(2):727-735
Mobile genetic elements are major contributing factors to the generation of genetic diversity in prokaryotic organisms. For example, insertion sequence (IS) elements have been shown to specifically contribute to niche adaptation by promoting a variety of genetic rearrangements. The complete genome sequence of the cheese culture Lactobacillus helveticus DPC 4571 was determined and revealed significant conservation compared to three nondairy gut lactobacilli. Despite originating from significantly different environments, 65 to 75% of the genes were conserved between the commensal and dairy lactobacilli, which allowed key niche-specific gene sets to be described. However, the primary distinguishing feature was 213 IS elements in the DPC 4571 genome, 10 times more than for the other lactobacilli. Moreover, genome alignments revealed an unprecedented level of genome stability between these four Lactobacillus species, considering the number of IS elements in the L. helveticus genome. Comparative analysis also indicated that the IS elements were not the primary agents of niche adaptation for the L. helveticus genome. A clear bias toward the loss of genes reported to be important for gut colonization was observed for the cheese culture, but there was no clear evidence of IS-associated gene deletion and decay for the majority of genes lost. Furthermore, an extraordinary level of sequence diversity exists between copies of certain IS elements in the DPC 4571 genome, indicating they may represent an ancient component of the L. helveticus genome. These data suggest a special unobtrusive relationship between the DPC 4571 genome and its mobile DNA complement. 相似文献