Appearance of clasmatosis in the normal and pathological liver

It was established that clasmatosis of cytoplasmic fragments toward sinusoids occurred under normal physiological conditions (embryogenesis of chick liver, the liver of starved grass carp and silver carp) and pathological conditions (disturbance of rat hepato-intestinal circulation). The clasmosomes of rat and chick liver cells contained free ribosomes and small vesicles while those in the liver of starved fish consisted of glycogen. It was also shown that mitochondria with the signs of complete clasmatosis appeared in the hepatocyte cytoplasm immediately after the beginning of intensive bile secretion to the bile canaliculus (in liver cells of rat and chick embryo and in those of frogs after complete metamorphosis). Such mitochondria were partially disintegrated and were located near the bile canaliculi. It is assumed that clasmatosis of the fragments of the liver cell cytoplasm or mitochondria takes places where it is necessary to rapidly supply the body or cell with some products of metabolism or to remove something from the cell as is the case with erythroblasts, i. e. clasmatosis is one of the mechanisms of the adaptation of the cell and its organelles to changes in the environment.     

Seasonal Dynamics of the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Content in the Leaves of Steppe and Forest Plants on Species and Community Level

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - The content of chlorophylls (Сhl) a and b and carotenoids (Сar) during the growing season was studied in the leaves of 31 species of steppe and...     

Molecular mechanisms of antitumor effect of natural antimicrobial peptides

In spite of all the advances in cancer treatment made in recent years, one of the main problems in this field that remains extremely urgent is the development of drug resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents currently in use due to clonal microevolution of tumor tissue. Numerous publications devoted to the study of cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as molecular factors of the innate immune system suggest that these compounds possess significant therapeutic potential and can be considered as candidates for the role of not only antimicrobial, but also next-generation anticancer drugs. AMPs are characterized by a variety of mechanisms of cytotoxic action that can lead to either necrosis or apoptosis of the target cells. These effects are based on the selective interaction with the membranes of tumor cells, which have a number of similarities, in structural and physiological aspects, with the microbial membranes. AMPs were found to be able to inhibit tumor growth by interrupting the formation of its vascular network. The antitumor effect of AMPs may also be enhanced by the modulation of host immune system, as previously observed for their antimicrobial effects. The described properties of AMPs give hope for the development of new drugs that will be able to overcome the resistance of tumor cells.     

Current Status of the Eastern Sayan Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) Grouping and Its Nutritive Base

Biology Bulletin - Abstract—A field survey of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitats was carried out in the southeastern part of the Eastern Sayan Mountains (Okinskii and Tunkinskii districts...     

Primary structure of the gene for protein VP1 from foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O1 isolated in the USSR]

The nucleotides sequence has been determined for the viral RNA and some of its cDNAs coding for the major antigenic protein of the epidemic stomatitis O1-194 and O1-1618 VP1 viruses. The expressed microheterogeneity has been registered for the population of the strain O1-194.     

Participation of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in the processes of intestinal dysbacteriosis

The presence of a number of conditioned-pathogenic enterobacteria (Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter) in patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis, and also their detection in derangement of normal intestinal biocenosis in patients with chronic intestinal disturbances with clinical manifestations of this condition, even in the absence of known bacteriological indications of dysbacteriosis was revealed. Results of investigations led the authors to the conclusion on the participation of a number of conditioned pathogenic enterobacteria in intestinal dysbacteriosis, and permit a suggestion on the necessity of proper assessment of the fact of presence of these bacteria as a possible dysbacteriosis indication.     

Physiological and reparative regeneration of the mitochondria]

The ultrastructure of mitochondria of hepatocytes in normal and pathological conditions was studied. It was shown that the process of regeneration of the ultrastructure of swollen mitochondria with a lucent matrix up to the normal state was completed in hepatocytes of the rat and chick embryos within one day. It was established that one of the ways of intraorganoid regeneration of mitochondria in hepatocytes of chick embryos and of mice after injections of CCl4 twice a week for 5 months was clasmatosis of the destroyed mitochondria fragments and their removal through the partially disintegrated exterior membrane of mitochondria followed by the membrane restoration. The process of mitochondrial regeneration after clasmatosis of its fragments was shown to require two days in the chick embryo hepatocytes.