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61.
The rat hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturation decreased by 3.7-fold in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats increased the enzyme activity by 7-fold. In marked contrast to glucose administration, fructose feeding in diabetic rats resulted in 20-fold stimulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturation, although both carbohydrates stimulated stearoyl-CoA desaturation in normal rats. Measurement of the microsomal electron transfer components showed no significant changes in the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity or in the concentration of cytochrome b5. However, the activity of the terminal desaturase changed in a parallel fashion as the amount of terminal desaturase reflect changes in the overall desaturation. Supplementation of various microsomes with the saturating amount of purified terminal desaturase resulted in the formation of similar amounts of catalytically active complex and increased the stearoyl-CoA desaturation to the same level suggesting that the changes in the amount of terminal desaturase reflect changes in the overall desaturation. The results support the suggestion that both insulin and the intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism are involved in the regulation of terminal desaturase. 相似文献
62.
The present study was carried out to determine the detailed histological and cytological features of the excurrent ducts of
the male reproductive system in the rhesus monkey. The excurrent ducts show a regional difference in their histological features.
The use of some of these features as histological markers and their possible functional significance are discussed.
The epithelial cells in the different components of the excurrent duct system possess cytological features which suggest their
involvement in absorption and the secretion of different products into the lumen. 相似文献
63.
The objective of this study was the preliminary characterization of the factors from mitotic HeLa cells that can induce meiotic maturation in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We found that this factor is a heat-labile, Ca2+-sensitive, nondialyzable protein with a sedimentation value of 4-5S. Furthermore, no new protein synthesis was found to be required for this mitotic factor to induce maturation in the amphibian oocytes. These data suggest that the factors involved in the breakdown of nuclear membrane and the condensation of chromosomes that are associated with three different phenomena, mitosis, meiosis, and premature chromosome condensation, are very similar in different animal species. 相似文献
64.
Sodium butyrate produces reversible changes in morphology, growth rate, and enzyme activities of several mammalian cell types in culture. Some of these changes are similar to those produced by agents which increase the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or by analogs of cAMP. Sodium butyrate increases the intracellular level of cAMP by about two fold in neuroblastoma cells; therefore, some of the effects of sodium butyrate on these cells may in part be mediated by cAMP. Sodium butyrate appears to have properties of a good chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma tumors because the treatment of neuroblastoma cells in culture causes cell death and "differentiation"; however, it is either innocuous or produces reversible morphological and biochemical alterations in other cell types. 相似文献
65.
The incorporation of [35S]methionine into ovalbumin, a protein containing NH2-terminal N-acetylglycine, has been studied in chicken oviduct magnum cells. The purification of [35S]methionine-labeled ovalbumin from total oviduct proteins was accomplished by dialysis of a crude extract at pH 3.6 followed by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose. The radioactive ovalbumin eluted from the column in three peaks (P0, P1, and P2-containing 0, 1, and 2 moles of phosphate, respectively, per mole of ovalbumin). The kinetics of labeling of peaks P0 and P1 showed that the ratio of radioactivity in NH2-terminal methionine to total incorporation was greater at 2 min of labeling than at later times. The transient labeling of the NH2-terminus of ovalbumin with methionine indicates that methionine is the initiator amino acid for the synthesis of this protein, which in its mature form contains NH2-terminal N-acetylglycine. 相似文献
66.
Food preference as well as feeding efficiency studies of the carabid predator revealed that the grub of theChlaenius bioculatus
Chaud preferred mostPolytella gloriosae F. larvae in both 2nd and 3rd instar.Tarache tropica
Guénée was preferred least by the grub predator in both instar.T. tropica was found toxic and grubs of the predator died after consumption.
Résumé Les préférences alimentaires, de même que l'efficacité prédatrice deChlaenius bioculatus Chaud, montrent que ce carabide prédateur préfère le plus les larves dePolytella gloriosae F. du 2e et 3e stade.Tarache tropica Guénée est le moins attaqué aux deux stades.T. tropica est toxique et les larves du prédateur meurent après sa consommation.相似文献
67.
Effect of sodium butyrate on mammalian cells in culture: A review 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Kedar N. Prasad Pramod K. Sinha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1976,12(2):125-132
Summary Sodium butyrate produces reversible changes in morphology, growth rate, and enzyme activities of several mammalian cell types
in culture. Some of these changes are similar to those produced by agents which increase the intracellular level of adenosine
3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or by analogs of cAMP. Sodium butyrate increases the intracellular level of cAMP by about
two fold in neuroblastoma cells; therefore, some of the effects of sodium butyrate on these cells may in part be mediated
by cAMP. Sodium butyrate appears to have properties of a good chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma tumors because the
treatment of neuroblastoma cells in culture causes cell death and “differentiation”; however, it is either innocuous or produces
reversible morphological and biochemical alterations in other cell types. 相似文献
68.
Epigenetic mechanisms of plant stress responses and adaptation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pranav Pankaj Sahu Garima Pandey Namisha Sharma Swati Puranik Mehanathan Muthamilarasan Manoj Prasad 《Plant cell reports》2013,32(8):1151-1159
Epigenetics has become one of the hottest topics of research in plant functional genomics since it appears promising in deciphering and imparting stress-adaptive potential in crops and other plant species. Recently, numerous studies have provided new insights into the epigenetic control of stress adaptation. Epigenetic control of stress-induced phenotypic response of plants involves gene regulation. Growing evidence suggest that methylation of DNA in response to stress leads to the variation in phenotype. Transposon mobility, siRNA-mediated methylation and host methyltransferase activation have been implicated in this process. This review presents the current status of epigenetics of plant stress responses with a view to use this knowledge towards engineering plants for stress tolerance. 相似文献
69.
Epicotyl, petiole, and cotyledon explants derived from 14-d-old seedlings of Albizia odoratissima were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of either 6-benzylaminopurine
(BAP) solely or in combination with 0.5 μM naphthalene-3-acetic acid (NAA). The percentage of shoot regeneration and the number
of shoots regenerated varied significantly depending on the type of explants used, the concentration of plant growth regulators,
and the orientation of explants on the culture medium. The best response in terms of the percentage of shoot regeneration
was obtained from epicotyls cultured horizontally on MS medium supplemented with 5 μM BAP, whereas the highest number of shoots
per responding explant was recorded on medium containing 2.5 μM BAP and 0.5 μM NAA. Successful rooting was achieved by placing
the microshoots onto MS medium containing 25 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 24 h first, then transferring to the same
medium without IBA. Of the various substrates tested, vermiculite was the best for plant acclimatization, as 75% of the plants
survived and became established. 相似文献
70.
B. Sarada M. Krishna Prasad K. Kishore Kumar ChVR Murthy 《International journal of phytoremediation》2013,15(8):756-773
The present investigation attempt to analyze the biosorption behavior of novel biosorbent, Araucaria heterophylla (green plant) biomass, for removal of Pb+2 from solution as the function of initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and biomass particle size. The maximum biosorption was found to be 95.12% at pH 5 and biosorption capacity (qe) of Cd+2 is 9.643 mg/g. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium adsorption isotherms were studied and observed that Freundlich model is best fit than the Langmuir model with correlation coefficient of 0.9927. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption process of Cd+2 followed well pseudo second order model with R2 0.999. The process is exothermic and, spontaneous. The chemical functional groups –OH, CH2 stretching vibrations, C?O of alcohol, C?O of amide, P?O stretching vibrations, –CH, were involved in the process. The XRD pattern of the A. heterophylla was found to be mostly amorphous in nature. The SEM studies showed Pb+2 biosorption on selective grains of the biosorbent. It was concluded that A. heterophylla leaf powder can be used as an effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Pb+2 from aqueous solution. 相似文献