维甲酸对鼻咽癌细胞生长、表型和瘤基因表达的作用

研究了维甲酸（ＲＡ）对鼻咽癌细胞生长、表型和癌基因表达的作用．用ＲＡ诱导鼻咽癌细胞,绘制诱导前后的细胞曲线,观察细胞形态,并用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和ＤＮａｓｅⅠ超敏感区分析法检测基因表达和调控．结果表明,ＲＡ能显著抑制鼻咽癌细胞的生长,前５ｄ下降约５０％．ＲＡ处理后的细胞从典型的多边形形态变成扁平、细长,类似纤维细胞状的形态．ＲＡ诱导前ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因和ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ基因ＨＮＥ２细胞中高表达,而诱导后ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达水平急剧下降,ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ基因无明显改变．在实验中还发现ＲＡ诱导前后的ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因和ｃ－Ｈａ－ｒａｓ基因中一些重要的超敏感位点和它们的功能．由实验结果可得到如下结论：ＲＡ能促进鼻咽癌细胞分化,通过对染色体上调控位点的作用来抑制ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因的表达,ＤＮａｓｅⅠ超敏感位点与细胞的分化程度、细胞的组织特异性和基因表达状态有关,ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因可通过不同的调控方式而失活．     

The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Is Required for Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Apoptosis and Cytochrome c Release

This study assesses the controversial role of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in apoptosis. In primary rat hepatocytes expressing an IκB superrepressor, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) induced apoptosis as shown by nuclear morphology, DNA ladder formation, and caspase 3 activation. Confocal microscopy showed that TNFα induced onset of the MPT and mitochondrial depolarization beginning 9 h after TNFα treatment. Initially, depolarization and the MPT occurred in only a subset of mitochondria; however, by 12 h after TNFα treatment, virtually all mitochondria were affected. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of the MPT, blocked TNFα-mediated apoptosis and cytochrome c release. Caspase 3 activation, cytochrome c release, and apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were induced after onset of the MPT and were prevented by CsA. Depolarization and onset of the MPT were blocked in hepatocytes expressing ΔFADD, a dominant negative mutant of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), or crmA, a natural serpin inhibitor of caspases. In contrast, Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-cho, an inhibitor of caspase 3, did not block depolarization or onset of the MPT induced by TNFα, although it inhibited cell death completely. In conclusion, the MPT is an essential component in the signaling pathway for TNFα-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes which is required for both cytochrome c release and cell death and functions downstream of FADD and crmA but upstream of caspase 3.     

呼和浩特市周边地下水CPR和DPANN类群的检测及多样性分析

【背景】候选门级辐射类群(candidate phyla radiation, CPR)和DPANN是与绝大多数已知细菌和古菌具有显著差异的独特类群，因发现较晚，人们对其认识还非常有限。已知二者类群庞大、存在广泛，但在不同生境中的多样性研究还较少，生态功能尚属未知。【目的】分析不同地下水中CPR和DPANN的多样性，探讨不同方法对CPR和DPANN检出及富集的影响。【方法】采用0.1μm滤膜收集菌体和宏基因组测序的方法分析呼和浩特市周边4个不同地下水中CPR和DPANN的多样性。比较宏基因组测序与16S rRNA基因扩增子测序对CPR和DPANN检出的影响，以及不同过滤方式和不同滤膜组合对CPR和DPANN富集的作用。【结果】4个地下水样品CPR类群检出33-64个菌门，相对丰度在0.17%-1.67%之间；DPANN检出1-7个菌门，相对丰度在0.00093%-0.07100%之间。对于CPR和DPANN,16SrRNA基因V3-V4区扩增子测序仅检出了纳古菌门(Nanoarchaeota)。1.2μm与0.1μm滤膜组合具有最好的CPR和DPANN富集效果，在及时更换滤膜的过滤方式...     

Anti-AIDS agents 82: Synthesis of seco-(3′R,4′R)-3′,4′-di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) derivatives as novel anti-HIV agents

Thirteen novel seco-DCK analogs (4–16) with several new skeletons were designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity. Among them, three compounds (5, 13, and 16) showed moderate activity, and compound 9 exhibited the best activity with an EC₅₀ value of 0.058 μM and a therapeutic index (TI) of 1000. The activity of 9 was better than that of 4-methyl DCK (2, EC₅₀: 0.126 μM, TI: 301.2) in the same assay. Additionally, 9 also showed antiviral activity against a multi-RT inhibitor-resistant strain (RTMDR), which is insensitive to most DCK analogs. Compared with 2, compound 9 has a less complex structure, fewer hydrogen-bond acceptors, and a reduced log P value. Therefore, it is likely to exhibit better ADME, and appears to be a promising new lead for further development as an anti-HIV candidate.     

辽宁省首株柯萨奇病毒B组5型全基因组序列分析

研究引起辽宁地区手足口病的柯萨奇病毒B组5型（coxsackievirus B5,CV-B5）基因组特征。对2018年从辽宁省688份肠道病毒核酸阳性的标本中分离到的1株CV-B5进行高通量测序，并对其全基因组进行遗传进化分析。结果表明，CV-B5辽宁分离株与国内流行株的全基因组核苷酸序列同源性为78.5%～97%，氨基酸序列同源性为75.3%～96.7%。基于全基因组的进化分析将CV-B5流行株分为A～D四个基因型，辽宁分离株属于D基因型。通过重组分析发现其在P3区的3D区段发生重组。首次在辽宁地区手足口病患儿中分离出CV-B5，辽宁省分离株（LN2018-23-21/CHN/2018）可能为重组株。     

武夷山自然保护区不同海拔甜槠天然林土壤有机碳变化特征及影响因素

为揭示中亚热带常绿阔叶林建群种--甜槠天然林不同海拔土壤有机碳含量垂直分布差异及影响机制，以武夷山自然保护区甜槠天然林单一植被类型为研究对象，在其集中分布的5个海拔梯度（540、700、850、1022、1200 m）范围内设置固定样地，测定每个海拔梯度不同深度土层土壤因子（土壤全氮、全磷、土壤pH值、容重、土壤有机质、粉粒、砂粒、粘粒）、气候因子（土壤温度）、植被因子（细根生物量）及土壤有机碳含量等指标，分析了土壤有机碳沿海拔及垂直土层分布特征，并在主成分分析基础上构建了基于主控因子的线性回归模型。结果表明：（1）同一海拔高度，土壤有机碳含量在土壤垂直剖面分布具有明显的"表聚性"现象；同一土层深度，随着海拔升高，土壤有机碳含量逐渐增加，但增幅随土层深度增加而减小，高海拔地区有助于土壤有机碳的固存；（2）不同土层土壤有机碳含量与海拔、土壤全氮、土壤含水量、土壤粉粒呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与土壤温度、土壤容重、土壤粘粒、砂粒呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）；土壤细根生物量、土壤有机质与土壤有机碳含量在土壤表层（0-10、10-20 cm）呈极显著（P<0.01）或显著正相关（P<0.05）；土壤pH值、土壤砂粒与土壤有机碳含量在20-30 cm土层呈显著负相关（P<0.05），但与其他土层关系不显著（P>0.05）；海拔因素是影响土壤有机碳含量分布的主要因素，其次为土壤因素，植被因素主要影响土壤表层有机碳含量分布。（3）海拔因素能通过影响与土壤有机碳形成和转化的因子及改变土壤有机碳的累积和分解速率，对土壤有机碳的分布产生影响。（4）多元线性回归模型拟合R²高于一元线性回归模型拟合R²，能解释土壤有机碳含量变异的82.1%-98.1%。由此可见，不同环境因子组合可以更好的解释不同土层土壤有机碳含量随海拔梯度的变异。