基于景感生态学理念的乡村社会-生态系统供给服务研究

乡村社会-生态系统的稳定和可持续发展为农业农村现代化的实现奠定着基础,在稳定社会经济发展、提高城乡居民福祉方面发挥着重要作用。服务性公共设施作为乡村社会-生态系统供给服务的重要组成部分,代表了乡村的发展水平与该地区居民生活质量水平。研究公共服务设施的空间分布特征和综合评价其供给服务可改善乡村社会-生态系统结构,为城乡居民提供高质量的社会生态系统服务。以厦门市岛外城市化乡村为研究对象,通过厦门市岛外POI数据和乡村社会经济统计数据,以公共服务设施为景感载体,分析其空间分布和测度其供给服务水平,采用核密度分析方法与熵值分析法,分析厦门市乡村社会-生态系统供给服务空间分布特征,结合人口、经济、距岛内核心区距离等指标对各村庄社会-生态系统供给服务能力进行皮尔逊相关性分析。研究发现厦门乡村公共设施供给服务能力表现为集美区 > 海沧区 > 同安区 > 翔安区;各村庄公共设施供给服务能力水平影响因素是多元且具有多样性的;提出从城乡居民的认知心理与物质需求出发对公共设施进行景感生态营造以提高村庄社会-生态系统供给服务能力,更好满足人们的需求。本文对公共服务设施的空间优化提出对策建议,研究结果可为乡村社会-生态系统供给服务提升和乡村可持续发展提供理论研究依据。     

鸟粪对同里湿地公园土壤重金属及其形态的影响

为了解鸟粪对同里湿地公园土壤重金属全量及形态转化的影响,测定了公园内有鸟粪土壤、无鸟粪土壤、鸟粪沉积物的理化性质,Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn全量及其形态分布,并进行统计分析。结果显示:同里湿地公园土壤及沉积物p H值平均含量达4.5,N、C、H、S和TP平均含量分别达到3.69、38.07、10.97、0.52、1.43g/kg,有鸟粪土壤中N、C、H和S含量显著高于无鸟粪土壤。Cu、Zn、Co平均含量呈现出鸟粪沉积物有鸟粪土壤无鸟粪土壤;Cr的平均含量表现为鸟粪沉积物无鸟粪土壤有鸟粪土壤;Ni呈现出有鸟粪土壤鸟粪沉积物无鸟粪土壤。总体上,鸟粪的进入增加了土壤Cu、Zn、Co、Ni含量。因此应及时清理土壤上覆鸟粪,降低对当地重金属污染风险。相对于无鸟粪土壤中不同重金属形态的分布,有鸟粪土壤中Co、Cr、Cu、Zn的活性态占全量的百分比均略有下降,非活性态呈上升趋势。鸟粪的加入,虽然会在一定程度上降低活性态重金属占总量的比例,但因总量和活性态含量均上升,向植物系统的迁移量会呈现增加趋势,因此对鸟粪施肥再利用应慎重。     

基于人工掩蔽物法的若尔盖湿地中华蟾蜍种群生态研究

近几十年来,全球两栖动物种群衰减显著,两栖动物的生存现状引起了越来越多的生态学家和保护生物学家的关注。若尔盖湿地不仅是世界上最大的一块高原泥炭沼泽湿地,也是我国生物多样性保护的热点地区之一。该地区分布有3种两栖类:高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)、倭蛙(Narorana pleskei)和中华蟾蜍岷山亚种(Bufo gargarizans minshanica)。已有研究发现该3种两栖动物种群数量均有不同程度的下降。采用人工掩蔽物法,在2011—2014年对该地区中华蟾蜍种群生态做了连续追踪。结果表明:该区域中华蟾蜍种群数量逐年波动较大,年龄结构数据显示该种群处于增长期;中华蟾蜍为聚集分布,且发现率与水体距离呈显著的线形关系(P0.01),在样地范围内离水体越远,发现的个体越多;线形样方比方形样方捕获动物的效率更高(P=0.018);中华蟾蜍亚成体的肥满度季节间无明显差异;中华蟾蜍具有较强的迁徙能力,可能沿着固定的线路周而复始的迁徙。对于家域范围大,迁徙距离远的中华蟾蜍这类物种,应加强最适栖息地的保护并防止栖息地破碎化。     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbazole derivatives as potent DNMT1 inhibitors with reasonable PK properties

The DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) were found in mammals to maintain DNA methylation. Among them, DNMT1 was the first identified, and it is an attractive target for tumour chemotherapy. DC_05 and DC_517 have been reported in our previous work, which is non-nucleoside DNMT1 inhibitor with low micromolar IC₅₀ values and significant selectivity towards other S-adenosyl-_L-methionine (SAM)-dependent protein methyltransferases. In this study, through a process of similarity-based analog searching, a series of DNMT1 inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anticancer agents. SAR studies were conducted based on enzymatic assays. And most of the compounds showed strong inhibitory activity on human DNMT1, especially WK-23 displayed a good inhibitory effect on human DNMT1 with an IC₅₀ value of 5.0 µM. Importantly, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of WK-23 was obtained with quite satisfying oral bioavailability and elimination half-life. Taken together, WK-23 is worth developing as DNMT1-selective therapy for the treatment of malignant tumour.     

Open resource metagenomics: a model for sharing metagenomic libraries

Both sequence-based and activity-based exploitation of environmental DNA have provided unprecedented access to the genomic content of cultivated and uncultivated microorganisms. Although researchers deposit microbial strains in culture collections and DNA sequences in databases, activity-based metagenomic studies typically only publish sequences from the hits retrieved from specific screens. Physical metagenomic libraries, conceptually similar to entire sequence datasets, are usually not straightforward to obtain by interested parties subsequent to publication. In order to facilitate unrestricted distribution of metagenomic libraries, we propose the adoption of open resource metagenomics, in line with the trend towards open access publishing, and similar to culture- and mutant-strain collections that have been the backbone of traditional microbiology and microbial genetics. The concept of open resource metagenomics includes preparation of physical DNA libraries, preferably in versatile vectors that facilitate screening in a diversity of host organisms, and pooling of clones so that single aliquots containing complete libraries can be easily distributed upon request. Database deposition of associated metadata and sequence data for each library provides researchers with information to select the most appropriate libraries for further research projects. As a starting point, we have established the Canadian MetaMicroBiome Library (CM²BL [1]). The CM²BL is a publicly accessible collection of cosmid libraries containing environmental DNA from soils collected from across Canada, spanning multiple biomes. The libraries were constructed such that the cloned DNA can be easily transferred to Gateway® compliant vectors, facilitating functional screening in virtually any surrogate microbial host for which there are available plasmid vectors. The libraries, which we are placing in the public domain, will be distributed upon request without restriction to members of both the academic research community and industry. This article invites the scientific community to adopt this philosophy of open resource metagenomics to extend the utility of functional metagenomics beyond initial publication, circumventing the need to start from scratch with each new research project.     

DHPLC检测胃癌微卫星不稳定性

为探讨一种快速、简便、可靠的胃癌微卫星不稳定性（MSI）检测方法,变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳-银染法检测28例胃癌12个微卫星位点(D1S548、D1S552、D5S346、TP53、IGFIIR(G)8、IGFIIR(CT)5、TGFßRII(GT)3、TGFßRII(A)10、hMSH3(A)8、hMSH6(G)8、BAX(G)8和Bat26）,DHPLC柱温50℃检测Bat26位点。凝胶电泳发现MSI-H 2例（7.14%）,MSI-L胃癌15例（53.6%）,Bat26+2例均为MSI-H,Bat26改变和MSI-H表型一致（P<0.01,Fisher’s确切概率法）。DHPLC亦证实2例Bat26+胃癌,结果和凝胶电泳完全一致。结果表明,DHPLC检测Bat26位点是研究胃癌MSI-H的较好方法,有一定的临床应用价值。Abstact: To establish a fast, simple and solid method of studying microsatellite instability (MSI) in gastric cancer, a panel of 12 microsatellite sites,D1S548, D1S552, D5S346, TP53, IGFIIR(G)8, IGFIIR(CT)5, TGFßRII(GT)3, TGFßRII(A)10, hMSH3(A)8, hMSH6(G)8, BAX(G)8 and Bat26, were detected by denatured polyacrymide gel electrophoresis-silver stain in 28 gastric cancers. Bat26 was also analyzed by denatured high performance liquid chromatograph (DHPLC) at 50℃ in the DNASep Cartridge. Two MSI-H (7.14%) and 15 MSI-L cancers (53.6%) were identified in 28 gastric cancers. Bat26 was positive only in 2 MSI-H cancers. The alterations of Bat26 and MSI-H status were coincident (P<0.01). The two Bat26+ cancers were also confirmed by DHPLC. Results obtained from DHPLC and gel electrophoresis were completely consistent. Thus, DHPLC analysis of Bat26 site may be a favorable method of detecting MSI-H status in gastric cancer, and be of clinical importance.     

Promoting human embryonic stem cell renewal or differentiation by modulating Wnt signal and culture conditions

We previously showed that Wnt3a could stimulate human embryonic stem （hES） cell proliferation and affect cell fate determination. In the absence of feeder cell--derived factors, hES cells cultured under a feeder-free condition survived and proliferated poorly. Adding recombinant Wnt3a in the absence of feeder cell derived-factors stimulated hES cell proliferation but also differentiation. In the present study, we further extended our analysis to other Wnt ligands such as Wntl and Wnt5a. While Wntl displayed a similar effect on hES cells as Wnt3a, Wnt5a had little effect in this system. Wnt3a and Wntl enhanced proliferation of undifferentiated hES cells when feeder-derived self-renewal factors and bFGF are also present. To explore the possibility to promote the proliferation of undifferentiated hES cells by activating the Wnt signaling, we overexpressed Wnt3a or Wntl gene in immortalized human adult fibroblast （HAFi） cells that are superior in supporting long-term growth of undifferentiated hES cells than primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. HAFi cells with or without a Wnt tmnsgene can be propagated indefinitely. Over-expression of the Wnt3a gene significantly enhanced the ability of HAFi feeder cells to support the undifferentiated growth of 3 different hES cell lines we tested. Co-expression of three commonly-used drug selection genes in Wnt3a-overpressing HAFi cells further enabled us to select rare hES clones after stable transfection or transduction. These immortalized engineered feeder cells （W3R） that co-express growth-promoting genes such as Wnt3a and three drug selection genes should empower us to efficiently make genetic modified hES cell lines for basic and translational research.