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101.
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunit. The regulatory subunits are essential for substrate specificity and localization of the complex and are classified into B/B55, B'', and B” non-related families in higher plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the close paralogs B''η, B''θ, B''γ, and B''ζ were further classified into a subfamily of B'' called B''η. Here we present results that consolidate the evidence for a role of the B''η subfamily in regulation of innate immunity, energy metabolism and flowering time. Proliferation of the virulent Pseudomonas syringae in B''θ knockout mutant decreased in comparison with wild type plants. Additionally, B''θ knockout plants were delayed in flowering, and this phenotype was supported by high expression of FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C). B''ζ knockout seedlings showed growth retardation on sucrose-free medium, indicating a role for B''ζ in energy metabolism. This work provides insight into functions of the B''η subfamily members, highlighting their regulation of shared physiological traits while localizing to distinct cellular compartments. 相似文献
102.
A systematic comparative and structural analysis of protein phosphorylation sites based on the mtcPTM database 下载免费PDF全文
mtcPTM is an online repository of human and mouse phosphosites in which data are hierarchically organized to preserve biologically
relevant experimental information, thus allowing straightforward comparisons of phosphorylation patterns found under different
conditions. The database also contains the largest available collection of atomic models of phosphorylatable proteins. Detailed
analysis of this structural dataset reveals that phosphorylation sites are found in a heterogeneous range of structural and
sequence contexts. mtcPTM is available on the web . 相似文献
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104.
RAÚL A. LAUMANN ANDREJA KAVČIČ MARIA C. B. MORAES MIGUEL BORGES ANDREJ ČOKL 《Physiological Entomology》2013,38(1):71-80
Vibratory communication during reproductive behaviour is less well described in predatory (Asopinae) than in phytophagous (Pentatominae) stink bugs. Different steps in the mating behaviour of the predatory stink bug Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; Asopinae) are described in the present study, together with vibratory signals emitted on artificial and natural substrate during courtship and copulation. Vibratory signals in Podisus nigrispinus have a decisive role in copulation success and are produced in both sexes by abdominal vibration and tremulation. In P. nigrispinus, one species‐specific female and two male songs, which do not show the calling function typically found in phytophagous stink bugs, are produced by abdominal vibration and are emitted during reproductive behaviour. Additionally, P. nigrispinus produces tremulatory signals that have no species or sex specificity. Tremulatory signals emitted spontaneously on a plant as a sequence of readily repeated pulses are similar to the calling songs of the Pentatominae stink bug. These signals may carry information on the presence of a mate; however, in other behavioural contexts, they may have a different function, such as advertisement or even alarm signals. Plants transmit vibratory signals produced by both mechanisms as a low‐pass filter, increasing the amount of low‐frequency components. The results of the present study raise important questions about the interaction between chemical and vibratory signals in the mating behaviour of predatory stink bugs. 相似文献
105.
North American study on essential derivation in maize: inbreds developed without and with selection from F2 populations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. Bernardo A. L. Kahler 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(6-7):986-992
An essentially derived variety largely retains the characteristics of a parental or ancestral variety. A consensus has not
been reached regarding the threshold for declaring essential derivation in maize (Zea mays L.), partly because benchmark data are lacking. Our objective in this study, commissioned by the American Seed Trade Association,
was to determine the range of parental contribution among maize inbreds developed without and with selection. Seed companies
in North America contributed existing proprietary data on the molecular marker similarity of 100 or more families, developed
without selection from F2 populations, with each of their parents. The companies also sent us seed samples of elite inbreds, developed with selection
from F2 populations, for analysis using 60 RFLP marker loci and 20 SSR marker loci. Among the families developed without selection,
the average parental contribution was close to the expected value of 0.50 for F2 populations. Specific families received up to 79% of their alleles from one parent. Although selection tended to increase
the frequency of such transgressive segregants, it did not necessarily increase the maximum parental contribution in an F2 population. Parental contributions were consistent between the elite inbreds and their early-generation families. We conclude
that inbreds with 70% to nearly 80% of their genome derived from one parent can be obtained from an F2 population. Further empirical data would be valuable particularly for backcross populations, which were not available in
this study.
Received: 21 June 2000 / Accepted: 28 July 2000 相似文献
106.
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108.
Yvonne Welte James Adjaye Hans R Lehrach Christian RA Regenbrecht 《Cell communication and signaling : CCS》2010,8(1):1-10
Background
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) interprets concentration gradients of FGF ligands and structural changes in the heparan sulfate (HS) co-receptor to generate different cellular responses. However, whether the FGFR generates different signals is not known.Results
We have previously shown in rat mammary fibroblasts that in cells deficient in sulfation, and so in HS co-receptor, FGF-2 can only stimulate a transient phosphorylation of p42/44MAPK and so cannot stimulate DNA synthesis. Here we demonstrate that this is because in the absence of HS, FGF-2 fails to stimulate the phosphorylation of the adaptor FGFR substrate 2 (FRS2). In cells possessing the HS co-receptor, FGF-2 elicits a bell-shaped dose response: optimal concentrations stimulate DNA synthesis, but supramaximal concentrations (≥ 100 ng/mL) have little effect. At optimal concentrations (300 pg/mL) FGF-2 stimulates a sustained dual phosphorylation of p42/44MAPK and tyrosine phosphorylation of FRS2. In contrast, 100 ng/mL FGF-2 only stimulates a transient early peak of p42/44MAPK phosphorylation and fails to stimulate appreciably the phosphorylation of FRS2 on tyrosine.Conclusions
These results suggest that the nature of the FGFR signal produced is determined by a combination of the HS co-receptor and the concentration of FGF ligand. Both the phosphorylation of the adaptor FRS2, the kinetics (sustained or transient) of phosphorylation of p42/44(MAPK) are varied, and so differing cellular responses are produced. 相似文献109.
GW Patton R Stephens IA Sidorov X Xiao RA Lempicki DS Dimitrov RH Shoemaker G Tudor 《BMC bioinformatics》2006,7(1):81
Background
Microarrays used for gene expression studies yield large amounts of data. The processing of such data typically leads to lists of differentially-regulated genes. A common terminal data analysis step is to map pathways of potentially interrelated genes. 相似文献110.