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71.
Jing Zhang Yingzi Yun Yi Lou Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar Pusheng Guo Shumin Wang Chunling Li Yuan Feng Muhammad Adnan Jie Zhou Guo‐dong Lu Wenhui Zheng 《Cellular microbiology》2019,21(8)
AP‐2 complex is widely distributed in eukaryotes in the form of heterotetramer that functions in the uptake of membrane proteins during mammalian/plant clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. However, its biological function remains mysterious in pathogenic fungi. In this study, the wheat scab fungus, Fusarium graminearum, was used to characterise the biological function of the AP‐2 complex. Our study shows that FgAP‐2 complex plays a critical role in the maintenance of hyphal polarity. Lack of any subunit (FgAP2α, FgAP2β, FgAP2σ, and FgAP2mu) of the FgAP‐2 complex significantly affects the fungal vegetative growth, conidial morphology, and germination. Remarkably, FgAP‐2 complex is important for the fungal pathogenicity, especially during colonisation and extension after infecting the host. The FgAP‐2 complex is expressed ubiquitously at all developmental stages but having more concentrated protein distribution at the subapical collar and septa in young growing hyphae. Although FgAP‐2 complex displays similar dynamic behaviour to the actin patch components and accumulates at endocytic sites, it is dispensable for general endocytosis. We further demonstrated that FgAP‐2 complex is required for polar localisation of the lipid flippases FgDnfA and FgDnfB, which led to the proposal that FgAP‐2 functions as a cargo‐specific adaptor that promotes polar growth and colonising ability of F. graminearum. 相似文献
72.
Isa S. Abubakar Saidu B. Abubakar Abdulrazaq G. Habib Abdulsalam Nasidi Nandul Durfa Peter O. Yusuf Solomon Larnyang John Garnvwa Elijah Sokomba Lateef Salako R. David G Theakston Ed Juszczak Nicola Alder David A. Warrell for the Nigeria-UK EchiTab Study Group 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2010,4(7)
Background
In West Africa, envenoming by saw-scaled or carpet vipers (Echis ocellatus) causes great morbidity and mortality, but there is a crisis in supply of effective and affordable antivenom (ISRCTN01257358).Methods
In a randomised, double-blind, controlled, non-inferiority trial, “EchiTAb Plus-ICP” (ET-Plus) equine antivenom made by Instituto Clodomiro Picado was compared to “EchiTAb G” (ET-G) ovine antivenom made by MicroPharm, which is the standard of care in Nigeria and was developed from the original EchiTAb-Fab introduced in 1998. Both are caprylic acid purified whole IgG antivenoms. ET-G is monospecific for Echis ocellatus antivenom (initial dose 1 vial) and ET-Plus is polyspecific for E. ocellatus, Naja nigricollis and Bitis arietans (initial dose 3 vials). Both had been screened by pre-clinical and preliminary clinical dose-finding and safety studies. Patients who presented with incoagulable blood, indicative of systemic envenoming by E. ocellatus, were recruited in Kaltungo, north-eastern Nigeria. Those eligible and consenting were randomly allocated with equal probability to receive ET-Plus or ET-G. The primary outcome was permanent restoration of blood coagulability 6 hours after the start of treatment, assessed by a simple whole blood clotting test repeated 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hr after treatment. Secondary (safety) outcomes were the incidences of anaphylactic, pyrogenic and late serum sickness-type antivenom reactions.Findings
Initial doses permanently restored blood coagulability at 6 hours in 161/194 (83.0%) of ET-Plus and 156/206 (75.7%) of ET-G treated patients (Relative Risk [RR] 1.10 one-sided 95% CI lower limit 1.01; P = 0.05). ET-Plus caused early reactions on more occasions than did ET-G [50/194 (25.8%) and 39/206 (18.9%) respectively RR (1.36 one-sided 95% CI 1.86 upper limit; P = 0.06). These reactions were classified as severe in 21 (10.8%) and 11 (5.3%) of patients, respectively.Conclusion
At these doses, ET-Plus was slightly more effective but ET-G was slightly safer. Both are recommended for treating E. ocellatus envenoming in Nigeria.Trial Registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN01257358 相似文献73.
Kabeer I. Ahammad Sahib Durisala Desaiah 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》1986,1(4):55-66
Previous studies from this laboratory have indicated that tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (Plictran) is a potent inhibitor of both basal- and isoproterenol-stimulated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase, with an estimated IC-50 of 2.5 × 10?8M. The present studies were initiated to evaluate the mechanism of inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase by Plictran. Data on substrate and cationic activation kinetics of Ca2+-ATPase indicated alteration of Vmax and Km by Plictran (1 and 5×10?8M), suggesting a mixed type of inhibition. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol increased Vmax of both ATP- and Ca2+-dependent enzyme activities. However, the Km of enzyme was decreased only for Ca2+ Plictran inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated Ca2+-ATPase activity by altering both and Vmax and Km of ATP as well as Ca2+-dependent enzyme activities, suggesting that after binding to a single independent site, Plictran inhibits enzyme catalysis by decreasing the affinity of enzyme for ATP as well as for Ca2+ Preincubation of enzyme with 15 μM cAMP or the addition of 2mM ATP to the reaction mixture resulted in slight activation of Plictran-inhibited enzyme. Pretreatment of SR with 5 × 10?7M propranolol and 5 × 10?8M Plictran resulted in inhibition of basal activity in addition to the loss of stimulated activity. Preincubation of heart SR preparation with 5 × 10?5M coenzyme A in combination with 5 × 10?8M Plictran partly restored the beta-adrenergic stimulation. These results suggest that some critical sites common to both basal- and beta-adrenergic-stimulated Ca2+-ATPase are sensitive to binding by Plictran, and the resultant conformational change may lead to inhibition of beta-adrenergic stimulation. 相似文献
74.
The sublethal toxic potency of malathion in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity of brain, muscle, gill and liver tissues
of the fish,Tilapia mossambica was studied at 12 h intervals. Maximum in hibition at 36 and 48 h, and complete revival of acetylcholinesterase activity
after 72 h was noticed, suggestive of the loss of inhibition of the enzyme activity was probably by suitable (acetylcholine)
accumulation. 相似文献
75.
M G Abubakar Andrew Taylor Gordon A A Ferns 《Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology》2004,18(1):53-59
The regional accumulation of aluminium in the brain of male albino Wistar rats was investigated following 4 weeks of administration by intraperitoneal injection of aluminium lactate (10mg aluminium/kg body weight). The consequences of concomitant dietary vitamin E (5, 15, or 20 mg vitamin E/g of food) were also studied. Rat brains were dissected into functional regions, for the measurement of aluminium and markers of oxidative stress. Plasma aluminium levels were increased in all groups of animals receiving aluminium lactate (p < 0.01), and these levels were significantly reduced in rats receiving concomitant vitamin E (p < 0.05). In the group of rats receiving aluminium alone, levels of brain tissue aluminium were increased in all regions of brain examined (p< 0.01). Brain tissue aluminium levels were reduced by concomitant dietary vitamin E. Catalase and reduced glutathione levels were both reduced in several regions of brain in animals treated with aluminium (p < 0.05). Aluminium treatment was not associated with a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (p > 0.05), although ROS production was attenuated by dietary vitamin E (p < 0.05) in some regions. 相似文献
76.
Lara Gosc Gerard J. Abou Jaoude David J. Kedziora Clemens Benedikt Azfar Hussain Sarah Jarvis Alena Skrahina Dzmitry Klimuk Henadz Hurevich Feng Zhao Nicole Fraser-Hurt Nejma Cheikh Marelize Gorgens David J. Wilson Romesh Abeysuriya Rowan Martin-Hughes Sherrie L. Kelly Anna Roberts Robyn M. Stuart Tom Palmer Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths Cliff C. Kerr David P. Wilson Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli Jolene Skordis Ibrahim Abubakar 《PLoS computational biology》2021,17(9)
Approximately 85% of tuberculosis (TB) related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries where health resources are scarce. Effective priority setting is required to maximise the impact of limited budgets. The Optima TB tool has been developed to support analytical capacity and inform evidence-based priority setting processes for TB health benefits package design. This paper outlines the Optima TB framework and how it was applied in Belarus, an upper-middle income country in Eastern Europe with a relatively high burden of TB. Optima TB is a population-based disease transmission model, with programmatic cost functions and an optimisation algorithm. Modelled populations include age-differentiated general populations and higher-risk populations such as people living with HIV. Populations and prospective interventions are defined in consultation with local stakeholders. In partnership with the latter, demographic, epidemiological, programmatic, as well as cost and spending data for these populations and interventions are then collated. An optimisation analysis of TB spending was conducted in Belarus, using program objectives and constraints defined in collaboration with local stakeholders, which included experts, decision makers, funders and organisations involved in service delivery, support and technical assistance. These analyses show that it is possible to improve health impact by redistributing current TB spending in Belarus. Specifically, shifting funding from inpatient- to outpatient-focused care models, and from mass screening to active case finding strategies, could reduce TB prevalence and mortality by up to 45% and 50%, respectively, by 2035. In addition, an optimised allocation of TB spending could lead to a reduction in drug-resistant TB infections by 40% over this period. This would support progress towards national TB targets without additional financial resources. The case study in Belarus demonstrates how reallocations of spending across existing and new interventions could have a substantial impact on TB outcomes. This highlights the potential for Optima TB and similar modelling tools to support evidence-based priority setting. 相似文献
77.
Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Mustapha Folashade O. Bamidele Ahmed Tijani Abubakar Ahmed Ibrahim Muftau Oyewo Ibrahim Abdulrahim Jimoh Muhammad Yakub Idris A. Olanrewaju Nusirat Elelu Andy Gibson Stella Mazeri Muhammad Bashir Bolajoko 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(8)
Rabies is an endemic, highly fatal, and vaccine-preventable disease with severe socio-economic implications. Most (99%) human rabies cases are transmitted through dog bites. Children under 15 years account for 40% of all dog bite victims and 35–50% of all rabies deaths. Rabies awareness among this vulnerable group is critical to rabies prevention. However, there is a paucity of data on rabies awareness among pupils under 15. Hence, this study assessed the awareness and attitude of pupils under 15 years towards canine rabies in Kwara state in Nigeria. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey of 1,388 pupils across the state using a structured questionnaire that was administered as a one-on-one interview using the Open Data Kit on Android phones in December 2019. Of the 1388 pupils included in this study, only 21.7% (n = 301) of them were aware of rabies. The mean rabies score was 1.7±0.8 and only 29.2% (n = 88/301) of the pupils had adequate knowledge of canine rabies. The dog ownership rate was 18.7% (n = 259) with an average of 1.93 dogs per household. Approximately 5% (n = 66) of the pupils have been previously bitten by a dog. One-third of the dog bite victims (35%, n = 23/66) were managed and treated at home and only 12% (n = 8/66) were treated in a health facility. The result of the multivariable logistic regression showed that students aged between 13–15 years were more likely (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 0.72–3.01; p < 0.001) to have adequate knowledge of rabies than the younger pupils. Similarly, pupils that have dogs in their households (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.49–2.75; p < 0.001) and those that reside in Kwara South (OR:1.78 95% CI:1.29, 2.44; p < 0.001) were more likely to be aware and have adequate knowledge of canine rabies respectively. Finally, Pupils from non-dog-owning households were more likely (OR:2.2; 95% CI: 1.45, 4.42; p < 0.001) to have been bitten by dogs than those from dog-owning households. The awareness and attitude of pupils under 15 to canine rabies was poor. We advocate the introduction of rabies lessons into the school curriculum in Kwara State to reduce the incidence of dog bites and prevent dog-mediated human rabies. 相似文献
78.
Sun Yong Hu Jing Yusuf Abubakar Wang Yixiao Jin Huan Zhang Xiyue Liu Yiyang Wang Yunshan Yang Gang He Jun 《Biodegradation》2022,33(1):1-16
Biodegradation - Petroleum-based plastics (PBP) with different properties have been developed to suit various needs of modern lives. Nevertheless, these well-developed properties also present the... 相似文献
79.
Bingkun Lei Matías Capella Sean A. Montgomery Michael Borg Akihisa Osakabe Malgorzata Goiser Abubakar Muhammad Sigurd Braun Frédéric Berger 《Current biology : CB》2021,31(1):182-191.e5
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80.