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41.
Ahmed Idowu Omotayo Musa Mustapha Dogara Danjuma Sufi Tasiu Shuaibu Joshua Balogun Salwa Dawaki Bature Muktar Kamoru Adeniyi Nura Garba Isah Namadi Hafiz Abdullahi Adam Shuaibu Adamu Hamza Abdullahi Abubakar Sulaiman Adedayo Olatunbosun Oduola 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(6)
This study examined pyrethroid resistance intensity and mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Jigawa, North-West Nigeria. Resistance statuses to permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin were determined with both WHO and CDC resistance bioassays. Synergist assay was conducted by pre-exposing the populations to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) using the WHO method. Resistance intensities to 2x, 5x and 10x of diagnostic concentrations were determined with the CDC bottle method. Species analysis and presence of knockdown mutation (Leu-Phe) were done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus was the only Culex spp. present and “Kdr-west” mutation was not detected in all analyzed samples. Using WHO method, Cx. quinquefasciatus resistance to permethrin was detected in Dutse (12.2%) and Kafin-Hausa (77.78%). Lambda-cyhalothrin resistance was recorded only in Kafin-Hausa (83.95%) with resistance suspected in Ringim (90%). Resistance to alphacypermethrin was recorded in all locations. Pre-exposure to PBO led to 100% mortality to alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Ringim while mortality to permethrin and alphacypermethrin in Dutse increased from 12.2% to 97.5% and 64.37% to 79.52% respectively. Using CDC bottle bioassay, resistance was also recorded in all populations and the result shows a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.728, p = 0.026) with the result from the WHO bioassay. Results of resistance intensity revealed a very high level of resistance in Kafin-Hausa with susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin not achieved at 10x of diagnostic doses. Resistance intensity was also high in Dutse with susceptibility to all insecticides not achieved at 5x of diagnostic doses. Widespread and high intensity of resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from North-West Nigeria is a major threat to the control of diseases transmitted by Culex and other mosquito species. It is a challenge that needs to be adequately addressed so as to prevent the failure of pyrethroid-based vector control tools. 相似文献
42.
Muminatou Jallow Climent Casals-Pascual Hans Ackerman Brigitte Walther Michael Walther Margaret Pinder Fatou Sisay-Joof Stanley Usen Mariatou Jallow Ismaela Abubakar Rasaq Olaosebikan Aminata Jobarteh David J. Conway Kalifa Bojang Dominic Kwiatkowski 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Background
Severe malaria (SM) is a major cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Identification of both specific and sensitive clinical features to predict death is needed to improve clinical management.Methods
A 13-year observational study was conducted from 1997 through 2009 of 2,901 children with SM enrolled at the Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital in The Gambia to identify sensitive and specific predictors of poor outcome in Gambian children with severe malaria between the ages 4 months to 14 years. We have measured the sensitivity and specificity of clinical features that predict death or development of neurological sequelae.Findings
Impaired consciousness (odds ratio {OR} 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.7–7.3]), respiratory distress (OR 2.4 [95%CI, 1.7–3.2]), hypoglycemia (OR 1.7 [95%CI, 1.2–2.3]), jaundice (OR 1.9 [95%CI, 1.2–2.9]) and renal failure (OR 11.1 [95%CI, 3.3–36.5]) were independently associated with death in children with SM. The clinical features that showed the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict death were respiratory distress (area under the curve 0.63 [95%CI, 0.60–0.65]) and impaired consciousness (AUC 0.61[95%CI, 0.59–0.63]), which were comparable to the ability of hyperlactatemia (blood lactate>5 mM) to predict death (AUC 0.64 [95%CI, 0.55–0.72]). A Blantyre coma score (BCS) of 2 or less had a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 67% to predict death (AUC 0.70 [95% C.I. 0.68–0.72]), and sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 69%, respectively to predict development of neurological sequelae (AUC 0.72 [95% CI, 0.67–0.76]).The specificity of this BCS threshold to identify children at risk of dying improved in children less than 3 years of age (AUC 0.74, [95% C.I 0.71–0.76]).Conclusion
The BCS is a quantitative predictor of death. A BCS of 2 or less is the most sensitive and specific clinical feature to predict death or development of neurological sequelae in children with SM. 相似文献43.
PH Lagrange SK Thangaraj R Dayal A Despande NK Ganguly E Girardi B Joshi K Katoch VM Katoch M Kumar V Lakshmi M Leportier C Longuet SV Malladi D Mukerjee D Nair A Raja B Raman C Rodrigues P Sharma A Singh S Singh A Sodha BS Kabeer G Vernet D Goletti 《PloS one》2012,7(8):e43739
Background
The aim of this multicentric prospective study in India was to assess the value of several microbiological tools that contribute to the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) according to HIV status.Methods
Standard microbiological tools on individual specimens were analyzed.Results
Among the 807 patients with active TB, 131 were HIV-infected, 316 HIV-uninfected and 360 had HIV-unknown status. Among the 980 non-active TB subjects, 559 were at low risk and 421 were at high risk of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure. Sensitivity of smear microscopy (SM) was significantly lower in HIV-infected (42.2%) than HIV-uninfected (75.9%) (p = 0.0001) and HIV-unknown pulmonary TB patients (61.4%) (p = 0.004). Specificity was 94.5% in non-TB patients and 100% in health care workers (HCW) and healthy family contacts. Automated liquid culture has significantly higher diagnostic performances than solid culture, measured by sensitivity (74.7% vs. 55.9%) (p = 0.0001) and shorter median time to detection (TTD) (12.0 vs. 34.0 days) (p = 0.0001). Specificity was 100% in HCW and cured-TB patients, but was lower in non-TB patients (89%) due to isolation of Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). TTD by both methods was related to AFB score. Contamination rate was low (1.4%). AccuProbe hybridization technique detected Mtb in almost all culture-positive specimens, but MOTT were found in 4.7% with a significantly higher frequency in HIV-infected (15%) than HIV-uninfected TB patients (0.5%) (p = 0.0007). Pre-test classification significantly increased the diagnostic value of all microbiological tests in pulmonary TB patients (p<0.0001) but to a lesser degree in extrapulmonary TB patients.Conclusions
Conventional microbiological tools led to results similar to those already described in India special features for HIV-infected TB patients included lower detection by SM and culture. New microbiological assays, such as the automated liquid culture system, showed increased accuracy and speed of detection. 相似文献44.
Temporal relationship of hormonal peaks to ovulation and sex skin deturgescence in the baboon 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Abubakar A. Shaikh Shamim A. Shaikh Cornelio L. Celaya Ignacio Gomez 《Primates; journal of primatology》1982,23(3):444-452
The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal relationship of peak levels of oestradiol (E2), LH and progesterone to ovulation and sex skin deturgescence in the baboon. A total of 55 baboons were used in these studies.
Hormonal levels were measured in 47 cycles and ovulation was documented by laparoscopic examination in 26 of these cycles.
A temporal relationship of ovulation to sex skin deturgescence was established in 57 cycles. The mean interval from E2 peak to ovulation was 41.4±2.3 hr, the interval from E2 peak to LH peak was 17.3±2.0 hr and that from LH peak to ovulation was 18.4±2.0 hr. Eleven baboons showed an LH peak on the
day of the E2 peak. The number of days to the first sign of sex skin deturgescence after ovulation was 2.07±0.14 days (range 0–5 days).
Nineteen cycles (33.3%) showed sex skin deturgescence 1 day after ovulation, another 19 cycles (33.3%) showed sex skin deturgescence
2 days after ovulation, and only 13 cycles (22.8%) showed sex skin deturgescence 3 days after ovulation. Sex skin deturgescence
was observed on day 0, 4 or 5 postovulation in only two baboons. 相似文献
45.
Roy A Abubakar I Chapman A Andrews N Pattinson M Lipman M Rodrigues LC Figueroa J Tamne S Catchpole M 《PloS one》2011,6(6):e20875
Background
Information leaflets are widely used to increase awareness and knowledge of disease. Limited research has, to date, been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of these information resources. This pilot study sought to determine whether information leaflets developed specifically for staff working with substance mis-users improved knowledge of tuberculosis (TB).Method
Staffs working with individuals affected by substance mis-use were recruited between January and May 2008. All participants were subjectively allocated by their line manager either to receive the TB-specific leaflet or a control leaflet providing information on mental health. Level of knowledge of TB was assessed using questionnaires before and after the intervention and data analysed using McNemar''s exact test for matched pairs.Results
The control group showed no evidence of a change in knowledge of TB, whereas the TB questionnaire group demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge including TB being curable (81% correct before to 100% correct after), length of treatment required (42% before to 73% after), need to support direct observation (18% to 62%) and persistent fever being a symptom (56% to 87%). Among key workers, who have a central role in implementing a care plan, 88% reported never receiving any TB awareness-raising intervention prior to this study, despite 11% of all respondents having TB diagnosed among their clients.Conclusion
Further randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the observed increase in short-term gain in knowledge and to investigate whether knowledge gain leads to change in health status. 相似文献46.
Munnan Al-Najjim Abubakar Mustafa Carl Fenton Syam Morapudi Mohammad Waseem 《Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury》2013,8(1):1-5
Introduction
Giant or solitary osteochondroma is part of a rare disorder known as synovial osteochondromatosis. It forms part of a spectrum of disease characterized by metaplastic changes within the joint synovium that are eventually extruded as loose bodies. It has been suggested that solitary synovial osteochondroma forms as progression of synovial osteochondromatosis through a process of either coalescence of multiple smaller bodies or the growth of a dominant synovial osteochondroma. Previous studies have shown that it occurs as a late phase of the disease. We report a rare case of giant synovial osteochondromatosis at the elbow causing ulnar nerve neuropathy and mechanical symptoms which has not been previously reported in the literature.Case report
We report a case of a 56 year old Western European gentleman who presented with ulnar nerve neuropathy and swelling behind the elbow. The patient underwent MR imaging and subsequent biopsy that demonstrated synovial osteochondromatosis. Initially the patient declined surgery and opted for a watch and wait approach. Five years later he returned with worsening symptoms and underwent successful surgical resection of a giant solitary synovial osteochondroma.Conclusion
The unique outcome in our patient despite the long interval between presentation and surgical treatment resulted in early full resolution of symptoms within a short period. It may suggest an improved prognosis as compared to multiple synovial osteochondromatosis in terms of mechanical and neurological outcomes. 相似文献47.
Amina Abubakar Anneloes Van Baar Ronald Fischer Grace Bomu Joseph K. Gona Charles R. Newton 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background
Severe childhood illnesses present a major public health challenge for Africa, which is aggravated by a suboptimal response to the child''s health problems with reference to the health-seeking behaviour of the parents or guardians. We examined the health-seeking behaviour of parents at the Kenyan coast because understanding impediments to optimal health-seeking behaviour could greatly contribute to reducing the impact of severe illness on children''s growth and development.Methods and Results
Health-seeking behaviour, and the factors influencing this behaviour, were examined in two traditional communities. We held in-depth interviews with 53 mothers, fathers and caregivers from two rural clinics at the Kenyan Coast. Biomedical medicine (from health facilities and purchased over the counter) was found to be the most popular first point of treatment. However, traditional healing still plays a salient role in the health care within these two communities. Traditional healers were consulted for various reasons: a) attribution of causation of ill-health to supernatural sources, b) chronic illness (inability of modern medicine to cure the problem) and c) as prevention against possible ill-health. In developing an explanatory model of decision-making, we observed that this was a complex process involving consultation at various levels, with elders, but also between both parents, depending on the perceived nature and chronicity of the illness. However, it was reported that fathers were the ultimate decision makers in relation to decisions concerning where the child would be taken for treatment.Conclusions
Health systems need to see traditional healing as a complementary system in order to ensure adequate access to health care. Importantly, fathers also need to be addressed in intervention and education programs. 相似文献48.
Syed Mudassir Jeelani Santosh Kumari Raghbir Chand Gupta Mohmmad Abubakar Ahmad Siddique 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2014,300(5):1175-1198
Cytomorphological studies were made on 322 populations of 150 species/153 taxa belonging to 79 genera and 23 families of flowering plants. Out of these, 14 species were cytologically worked out for the first time on a worldwide basis along with B-chromosomes (0–1B) recorded for the first time in Agrimonia eupatoria. Similarly, 29 species were reported with varied chromosomal reports on a worldwide basis. The chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 10 to 2n = 96 and posed high amount of intraspecific genetic diversity when seen in relation to other reports for the worked out species in light of previous chromosomal databases on India and world basis. The different levels of ploidy in these species/taxa vary from 2x to 12x with the overall polyploidy being 27.45 % and predominant in members belonging to the genera Ranunculus and Epilobium as well as families Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae. In the taxa showing anomalous meiotic behavior, cytomixis is found to be quite common and associated with various meiotic abnormalities in the meiocytes, which ultimately leads to pollen sterility and formation of variable sized pollen grains. 相似文献
49.
Philippe H. Lagrange Satheesh K. Thangaraj Rajeshwar Dayal Alaka Deshpande Nirmal K. Ganguly Enrico Girardi Beenu Joshi Kiran Katoch Vishwa M. Katoch Manoj Kumar Vemu Lakshmi Marc Leportier Christophe Longuet Subbalaxmi V. S. Malladi Deepali Mukerjee Deepthi Nair Alamelu Raja Balambal Raman Camilla Rodrigues Pratibha Sharma Amit Singh Sarman Singh Archana Sodha Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer Guy Vernet Delia Goletti 《PloS one》2014,9(5)
Background
The aim of this multi-centric prospective study in India was to assess the accuracy of a serological test as an additional tool for diagnosing active tuberculosis (ATB). In particular, an assay based on ELISA using a phenolic glycolipid (PGL-Tb1) or a fusion protein (ESAT-6/CFP10) was compared to the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the microbiological results according to HIV status.Methods
Individuals with and without ATB and HIV infection were enrolled. Serology and TST results were analyzed per se and in combination with the microbiological data.Results
Among the 778 ATB patients, 102 were HIV-infected, 316 HIV-uninfected and 360 had an HIV-unknown status. Of the 945 non-ATB subjects, 559 were at low risk (community adults) and 386 at high risk of M. tuberculosis exposure. Among those with ATB, the sensitivity of ELISA-PGL-Tb1 for ATB was higher than that of ELISA-ESAT-6/CFP10, both in HIV-infected (72.3% versus 63.7%, p = 0.29) and HIV-uninfected/HIV-unknown groups (40.5% versus 28.6%; p<0.0001), whereas the specificity was around 91% for both tests. Sensitivity for ATB increased when the results of the two ELISA were combined, reaching 75.5% in the HIV-infected and 50.9% in the group of HIV-uninfected/HIV-unknown ATB, with a significant decrease of the global specificity (83.9%). Analyzing the ELISA results with the microbiological results, we observed that the sensitivity of both serology tests was independent of the ATB patients'' smear microscopy (SM) status and grade. Combining the results of SM with both ELISA, the detection of ATB patients significantly increased (p<0.0001), particularly in those with extrapulmonary TB (up to 45.1%) or HIV infection (up to 83.3%). No significant association was observed between TST and serology results.Conclusions
In this prospective multi-centric study, the combination of two rapid tests, such as SM and serology, might be useful in detecting ATB, especially in HIV-infected patients. 相似文献50.
Michelle Fernandes Alan Stein Charles R. Newton Leila Cheikh-Ismail Michael Kihara Katharina Wulff Enrique de León Quintana Luis Aranzeta Aureli Soria-Frisch Javier Acedo David Ibanez Amina Abubakar Francesca Giuliani Tamsin Lewis Stephen Kennedy Jose Villar for the International Fetal Newborn Growth Consortium for the st Century 《PloS one》2014,9(11)