Immune-Enhancing Activity Screening on Extracts from Two Crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus and Teleogryllus emma

This study was performed to explore novel and valuable uses of insect resources, important subjects of the natural compound used in bio‐industries. The whole bodies of two crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus and Teleogryllus emma, selected from medicinal insect species, were carefully ground and treated with 80% EtOH. The insect extracts were solubilized and separated by hexane, butanol, and D.W according to their polarities. Three types of extracts, a D.W fraction (G1) and a boiling extract (G2) of an introduced cricket, G. bimaculatus, and a D.W fraction (T1) of a Korean local cricket, T. emma, were prepared to assay immune stimulating activity of cricket originated compounds. The all of three treated cricket extracts showed to increase IL‐4, IFN‐, and TNF‐α. Among those extract, extract G2, boiled extract from G. bimaculatus, was the best immune–enhancing fraction. The results of this study could be fundamental information for further works to use insects as natural resources having plenty of potentials and varieties.     

USE OF SENSORY EVALUATION FOR MEASURING DEODORIZING EFFECTS OF AN AIR CONDITIONER

The application of sensory methodology for measuring deodorizing effect of an air conditioner equipped with electric plasma was introduced. Deodorizing effect was measured using chemical and sensory methods at different time (0, 30 and 60 min) and mode (control, blowing and cooling) of an air conditioner. Smoke from a roll of cigarette in a closed room was used as a source of odor and the concentrations of acetic acid and ammonia were measured as odorous chemical components. As one of the sensory methods triangle test was used and as a first step to obtain deodorizing effects by triangle test, the threshold of each panelist was obtained as the log dilution ratio of odor concentration at which the difference from odorless air was detected. The odor concentration at each time and mode was calculated using the threshold of the panel and the deodorizing effect was obtained on the basis of the odor concentration. In addition to a triangle test, scaling methods such as category scaling or magnitude estimation were used to measure deodorizing effect of an air conditioner. Deodorizing effects by scaling methods were calculated based on odor intensity with time at each mode. The regression analysis was done between the efficacy of deodorizing effect by sensory test and those by acetic acid and ammonia, the R² values of the regression equations for triangle test, category scale, and magnitude estimation were 0.84, 0.72 and 0.69, respectively. Deodorizing effect by triangle test explained the decrease of acetic acid and ammonia better than those by category scaling or magnitude estimation while high cost and time consuming labor involved in triangle tests reduced the merit. The results of this study demonstrated that various sensory methods could be used to measure deodorizing effect of air conditioners and further researches on fast and reliable methods are needed to establish the official procedures.     

小麦籽粒充实期氮素的吸收和再分配及6－苄氨基嘌呤的调节作用

小麦从开花至成熟,其根、茎和叶中的Ｎ素不断地进行着分配和再分配,主要是向穗子输出。成熟时穗Ｎ含量占植株总Ｎ的８２％。在总Ｎ净输出的同时各营养器官也有相当程度的对当前土壤Ｎ的净吸收。在籽粒充实阶段用ＢＡ处理叶式穗均影响营养器官及穗子的Ｎ素吸收、分配和再分配。     

Processing of global and local properties——An analysis with event-related brain potentials

The different processing of global and local properties of compound visual stimuli was studied with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in the present experiment. It was found that, compared with the identification of global properties, the discrimination of local properties elicited longer RTs, lower accuracies, increased amplitudes of P1, decreased amplitudes of N1, and longer latencies of N2 and P3. The conflict of global and local properties increased the amplitudes of P2, decreased the amplitudes of P3, and prolonged latencies of N2 and P3. These results indicated that the advantage of global processing occurs at an early perceptual stage, and the attentional mechanisms for global and local processing may be different.     

慢性心功能不全大鼠心脏和血淋巴细胞β-肾上腺素受体的改变

在主动脉与肾动脉缩窄造成的慢性心功能不全大鼠,血浆儿茶酚胺浓度增高;心脏β-肾上腺素受体(β-AR)数量增加,其中β_1-AR及其mRNA增加,而β_2-AR及其mRNA不变;左心房异丙基肾上腺素(ISO)浓度-收缩效应曲线右移;而心肌ISO浓度-cAMP蓄积曲线无显著改变;血淋巴细胞β-AR数量显著减少.结果提示心功能不全时心脏β_1-AR数量增多,但其介导的正性变力效应反而降低,在cAMP生成以后的信号转导过程或心肌收缩成分功能存在障碍,而血淋巴细胞β-AR的改变与心脏β-AR的功能改变平行.     

鼠脑微透析液痕量氨基酸的激光诱导荧光检测

使用自制微透析探针和活动体位生化取样装置以及自行组装的毛细管电泳-增强型电荷耦合器件-激光诱导荧光系统,对鼠脑透析液中的痕量氨基酸以异硫氢酸荧光黄(FITC)进行柱前衍生后进行了分离和检测. 鼠脑海马CA₃区微透析液中游离氨基酸的浓度为10^-8～10^-6 mol/L, 并将其用于学习与记忆的研究, 为无损伤研究活体脑内神经递质和其他痕量生化物质的动态变化提供了一种新方法.     

辛硫磷和溴氰菊酯混剂对家蝇抗性发展的影响

以家蝇(Musca domestica vicina Macquart)为试虫,用辛硫磷溴氰菊酯单剂及不同配比的混剂进行汰选试验。所有混剂选育的家蝇抗性发展都很缓慢,而单剂抗性发展都很快。增效试验表明,辛硫磷与溴氰菊酯混配有明显增效作用,特别是对抗性品系。生化分析结果表明,对澳氰菊酯的抗性发展与酯酶的酶活升高有关。对辛硫磷抗性发展与多功能氧化酶的酶活升高和乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感性降低有关。混剂选育的家蝇其对单剂的敏感性的变化及酶系的变化,随着混剂的配比而变化。     

中枢ACTH受体研究进展

除垂体以外,中枢神经系统也含有促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）能神经元,其神经纤维在中枢具有较广泛的投射。ＡＣＴＨ相关肽类在中枢发挥着多种生理功能。近年来对于中枢ＡＣＴＨ受体的研究取得很大的进展,现已确认ＡＣＴＨ结合位点在中枢具有广泛的分布。新近克隆出的四种ＡＣＴＨ受体中,有两种是中枢神经系统占优势的受体亚型。     

家兔杏仁核内钙、镁离子对电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛的拮抗作用

通过埋植套管向家兔双侧杏仁核内缓慢注射微量氯化钙或氯化镁,对电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛有显著的对抗作用。向杏仁核内注入钙离子螯合剂CDTA或钙通道抑制剂异博定则可显著加强电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛。提示:杏仁核内钙、镁离于浓度是影响吗啡镇痛和电针镇痛的重要因素,同时表明电针和吗啡镇痛的机理可能有相似之处。     

溴氰菊酯(DECIS)在茶叶中的残留降解

溴氰菊醋在田间条件下在茶树新梢上降解很缓慢,低于二氯苯醚菊酯;它在叶表的渗透力较弱。以每亩0.44—0.73克有效成份用量(合2.5%乳剂6000—10,000倍液)喷施茶树后,鲜叶中原始附着量(以鲜叶干重计)为1.34—3.23ppm。溴氰菊酯在鲜叶和成茶中的半衰期(按原始附着量计算)均为2.8天。气候条件对溴氰菊酯降解的影响较小,但如喷药后1-2天遇雨会加速溴氰菊酯残留量的降解。由于溴氰菊酯的蒸气压特低,因此鲜叶中的残留量通过加工过程的降解率很低,平均仅为29.79%。由于溴氰菊醋在水中溶解度很低,因此,成茶中的残留农药,在泡茶过程中,进入茶汤中的数量,不会超过其中含量的1%。 根据已报道的溴氰菊酯的ADI值,作者建议溴氰菊酯在成茶中的暂定允许残留标准为2ppm,茶树喷施2.5%乳剂 6000—10,000倍液时的安全间隔期为3天,这样通过茶汤进入人体的量不会超过0.02ppm。