中国瘿螨科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)

记述瘿螨科Ｅｒｉｏｐｈｙｉｄａｅ３新种：瘿螨亚科Ｅｒｉｏｐｈｙｉｄａｅ的相瘤瘿螨Ａｃｅｒｉａ ｃｅｌｔｉｄｉｓ Ｚｈａｏ ｅｔ Ｋｕａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;叶刺瘿螨亚科Ｐｈｙｌｌｏｃｏｐｔｉｎａｅ的无花果中瘿螨Ｓｉｎａｃｕｓ ｃａｒｉｃａｅＺｈａｏ ｅｔ Ｋｕａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和柳顶冠瘿螨Ｔ ｅｇｏｌｏｐｈｕｓ ｓａｌｉｃｉｓ Ｋｕａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。display structure     

低温诱导唐古特红景天细胞分泌抗冻蛋白

选择青海高原海拔4000m高山上生长的唐古特红景天为实验材料,以叶片为外植体,在MS+BA₂+NAA_0.2固体培养基上诱导出黄绿色、松脆愈伤组织.愈伤组织细胞在同样成分的液体培养基中培养获得成功.在悬浮培养液中可检测到分泌蛋白的存在.经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,低温锻炼或脱落酸（ABA）诱导后,细胞分泌蛋白的多肽谱带数增加.与此相对应的是,细胞的抗冻能力也明显提高.PAS染色揭示多肽中均含有糖基.通过测定热滞值,确信细胞分泌蛋白是具有抗冻活性的糖蛋白.     

P61 Protein from a Male Sterile Mutant of Rice is an Isoform of the Chloroplast ATPase β Subunit

P61 was a protein identified from chloroplasts of Nongken 58S, a male sterile mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). Microsequence analysis has revealed that its N-terminal sequence was identical to N-termini of ATPase β subunits of chloroplasts from rice and barley. The antiserum produced using ATPase β subunit from maize specifically recognized P61. P61 had the same molecular weight as the chloroplast ATPase β subunit of wild-type rice “Nongken 58”, but had different isoelectric point (pI) from this β　subunit. P61 was more basic than this β subunit. Thus, P61 would be identified as an isoform of the chloroplast ATPase β subunit of rice, named β1. Genetic analysis with a F2 population of Nongken 58SדNongken 58” showed that a single recessive genic gene regulated the formation of β1.     

光系统Ⅱ核心复合物的化学修饰及其光谱性质研究

光系统II核心复合物的化学修饰及其光谱性质研究 李淑芹 陈耀东 唐崇钦 李良璧 匡廷云 （中国科学院植物研究所光合作用研究中心,北京100093）     

大豆C4途径与光系统Ⅱ光化学功能的相互关系

Four C4 pathway enzymes of “Heinong 41" leaves of soybeans (Glycine max　（L） Merr.) were assayed in five developmental stages. Pn (the net photosynthetic rate) and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fo, qP, qN and ΦPSⅡ) were also measured. The results indicated that the activities of C4 enzymes, Pn, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the ratio of PEPCase (PEP carboxylase)/RuBPCase (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate) shared the same changing trait during the whole developmental stages of “Heinong 41". Correlation analysis showed that the activities of C4 enzymes, Pn, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were positively correlated with the ratio of PEPCase/RuBPCase. All these suggested that the degree of C4 pathway expression in “Heinong 41" leaves were positively correlated with its Pn; the photochemical function of PSⅡ was adjusted to meet the specific energy requirements for the operation of C4 pathway with the improvement of C4 expression.     

超高产杂交稻光合特性的研究

比较了超高产杂交稻(Oryza sativa L.)X07S/紫恢100和两优培九与多年来大面积推广的杂交稻汕优63的光合功能和抗光胁迫能力.结果表明,超高产杂交稻X07S/紫恢100和两优培九的净光合速率(Pn)分别比汕优63高9.1%和11.9%,而其蒸腾速率(Tr)分别比汕优63低37.46%和31.42%,此外,其水分利用效率(WUE)分别比汕优63高出74.2%和63.5%;经强光(2 000μmol photons@m-2@s-1)处理2 h之后,X07S/紫恢100和两优培九的光系统Ⅱ光化学量子效率分别上升28.3%和37.0%,荧光光化学猝灭系数分别升高46.2%和18.0%,而汕优63的这两项参数值却变化很小;同时,X07S/紫恢100和两优培九的非光化学猝灭系数均下降50%左右,而汕优63则上升近50%,表明超高产杂交稻较高的光合能力、水分利用效率以及较强的抗光抑制能力可能是其高产的生理基础.     

NaCl对小麦光合功能的伤害主要是由离子效应造成的

采用荧光动力学的方法来区分盐胁迫中的渗透因素和离子因素。用五种等渗Hogland培养液(分别含(NaCl,KCl,NaNO3,KNO3和PEG)对冬小麦处理两星期。结果,与对照相比,NaCl处理引起PSII受体侧电子库(CA/Fo)变小,PSII活性(Fv/Fo)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、量子产量(Yield)与荧光化学猝灭系数(qP)下降,但使QB-非还原性PSII反应中心含量增加。然而,等渗的PEG处理并不产生类似的伤害。这表明渗透因素不是盐胁迫对光合作用造成伤害的主要原因。同时,KNO3处理对光合作用不产生伤害。由于NaCl和NaNO3处理均造成受体侧电子库变小,PSII活性和原初光能转化效率下降,并使QB-非还原性PSII反应中心增加,而等渗的PEG和KCl处理并不产生类似的伤害,这暗示Na+可能是盐胁迫影响光合作用的主要毒害离子。     

Photosystem Development in Dark-grown Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seedlings (in English)

It is well known that no chlorophyll synthesis and photosystem biogenesis have been detected in dark-grown angiosperm seedlings. However, in this report, we showed that both PSⅡ and PSⅠ could be formed in dark-grown lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seedlings. Lots of evidence were given: First, during the dark-grown period, the single fluorescence emission peak at 679 nm in lotus embryo red-shifted and transformed into the normal PSⅡ fluorescence emission; Simultaneously, PSⅠ fluorescence emission at 730 nm appeared and increased obviously; Second, with partial denaturing SDS-PAGE method, PSⅠ chlorophyll-protein complex could be clearly separated from 10 days dark-grown lotus seedlings; Third, the existence of Lhca1 was also proved by Western blots. Moreover, measurements of electron transfer rate demonstrated that both PSⅡand PSⅠ core in dark-grown lotus seedlings were photochemically active.     

Studies on Femtosecond Fluorescence Properties of Light-harvesting Complex in Photosystem ￠ò

Fluorescence properties of light-harvesting complex LHCⅡ） in photosystem Ⅱ isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was investigated with the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic technique. The sample was excited by double frequency Ti:Al203 laser with 400 nm wavelength and 120 fs width. Fluorescence signal was detected by Boxcar. Three life-time components （320 fs,4.0 ps and 20.0 ps） were obtained by multi-exponential curve model and nonlinear least-square fitting method. Three fluorescence peaks （652 nm, 672 nm, 691 nm） were obtained by Global analysis and Gauss curve fitting. These components were analyzed according to the structural and fluorescence spectroscopic property of LHCⅡ. The fluorescence ratio of each component to that of all the component was 3.4%, 50% and 46.6% respectively. The possible model of energy transfer in LHCⅡ was discussed.     

杂交水稻金优63幼苗期SOD和POD特性研究

对杂交水稻金优63幼苗不同时期的根、茎、叶进行SOD同工酶电泳分析,并测定SOD、POD活性。结果表明,自播种后第7天到第13天,幼苗的SOD同工酶在根、茎、叶中有明显的器官特异性,且SOD活性叶 >茎 >根。相同器官不同时期的SOD同工酶电泳谱带条数及SOD活性都有变化,且SOD活性强弱与SOD同工酶电泳谱带中有无Mn-SOD同工酶带有一定的关系。幼苗的POD活性在根、茎、叶中也有明显的器官特异性,茎中POD活性明显高于根和叶,且POD活性变化与SOD活性变化有一定的关系。