转基因RNAi技术在动物抗病毒育种中的应用

病毒对动物和人类健康都是极大的威胁,抗病毒疫苗虽然能在一定程度上预防病毒病,但目前几乎还不能对变异的传染病进行抗病毒治疗。尽管RNA干扰研究到目前才短短十几年,其作用机理已基本清楚。RNAi能够非常有效的抑制病毒体内复制,其介导的抗病转基因动物的研究相继取得了阶段性进展,抗疯牛病转基因羊和牛,抗内源性逆转录病毒猪以及抗核型多角体病毒病的转基因家蚕已经成功获得。尽管如此,目前的研究主要还是集中在细胞水平及小鼠模型方面,获得的转基因动物种类和数量有限,但为培育动物抗病毒品种提供了理论依据和技术支撑。随着转基因技术的不断的进步和成熟, RNA干扰技术将成为动物抗病毒育种中最有应用前景的方法之一。     

Photosynthetic Characterization of the Plant Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh. in a Rare Earth Elements Mine

In order to investigate the distribution of rare earth elements （REEs） in the natural hyperaccumulator fern Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh. and to characterize this plant photosynthetically, concentrations of REEs in D. dichotoma from mines mining heavy and light REEs （HREEs and LREEs, respectively）, as well as in D. dichotoma from an area in which no mining occurred, in southern Jiangxi Province were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The REE concentrations in the lamina of D. dichotoma were in the order LREEs mine 〉 HREEs mine 〉 non-mining area. The maximum REE content in the lamina of D. dichotoma from the LREE mine was approximately 2 648 mg/kg dry weight. The photosynthetic activity of D. dichotoma from areas of HREE and LREE mines was improved by the presence of high concentrations of REEs in the lamina compared with D. dichotoma from the non-mining area. However, this enhancement varied according to the concentrations of the REEs, as well as their type. In addition, 77K fluorescence, electron transport rate, and chlorophyll-protein complex studies showed that the enhancement of the photosynthetic activity of D. dichotoma from HREE mines was mainly due to an increase in the chlorophyll-protein complex of the reaction center of photosystem （PS） Ⅰ, whereas the enhancement observed in D. dichotoma from LREE mines was due to an increase in the internal antennae chlorophyll-protein complex of PS Ⅱ and greater light energy distribution to the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of PS Ⅱ.     

Energy Transfer from Phycobilisomes to Photosystems of Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah. During the Rewetting Course and Its Physiological Significance

During the non-frost season, the condensation of dew makes Nostocflagelliforme Born. et Flah., a highly drought-tolerant terrestrial cyanobacterium, frequently undergo rehydration-dehydration.Rehydration begins in the dark at night. After rewetting in the dark, photochemical activity and the structure of photosystem (PS)II were not recovered at all; the structure of PSI, energy transfer in phycobilisomes, and energy transfer from phycobilisomes to PSI were recovered within 5 min, as in the light. The recovery of energy transfer from phycobilisomes to PSII was light dependent and energy transfer from phycobilisomes to PSII was only partially recovered in the dark. These results suggest that the two-trigger control (water and light) of photosynthetic recovery may make IV, flagelliforme avoid unnecessary energy consumption and, at the same time, the partial recovery of energy transfer from phycobilisomes to PSII in the dark could help N. flagelliforme accumulate more photosynthetic products during the transient period of rehydration-dehydration.     

借助斑马鱼EST数据库从鲤鱼微卫星序列中寻找蛋白编码基因

应用in sifico的方法,利用Blastu和Blastx搜索引擎,将鲤鱼微卫星序列与GenBank数据库进行同源序列比对.利用Blastn,将侧翼序列长度＞50bp的875个鲤鱼微卫星序列与斑马鱼的EST数据库首先进行比对,结果找到了121个同源序列.随后采用Blastx搜索蛋白质数据库,有94个微卫星位点存在同源蛋白.除了33个假定和3个未知蛋白外,剩余的58个微卫星位点被成功地进行了功能注释,而且其中的7个位点已经定位在了鲤鱼连锁图谱上.另外,通过PCR-SSCP的方法,将两个与鲤鱼微卫星侧翼序列相匹配的斑马鱼EST序列开发成鲤鱼的STS标记,并将其中的一个标记HLJZe33定位到鲤鱼连锁图谱上.以上研究结果表明,通过比较基因组研究,模式生物斑马鱼的很多遗传和基因组资源都可以被利用到鲤鱼的基因组研究中.     

被子植物胚乳自主发生的分子机理研究进展

双受精是被子植物的一个有效的进化策略,增加了胚和种苗成活的机会,其中胚乳在胚以及种子发育中至关重要。然而极少数进行无融合生殖的被子植物,它们的胚乳可以在假受精或不受精的情况下克服基因组印记效应的影响且正常发育。拟南芥胚乳自主发生突变体及相关基因的克隆,使人们可以研究和比较自然和突变植物胚乳自主发生的分子机制。本文着重介绍基因组印记对有性生殖和无融合生殖植物胚乳发育的影响,分析和讨论近年来发现的有关胚乳自主发生的基因（如MEA,FIS2,FIE,MSI1和PHE1）及其可能的作用机理。     

湿地保护区耕地时空变化及调控对策--以三江平原同江市为例

以三江平原的同江市作为研究区域。从数量和景观结构两个方面研究典型湿地保护区的耕地时空变化,并对其驱动力进行了分析,提出了相应的耕地优化调控策略。结果表明,从1954～2000年研究区耕地面积增加了292258hm^2,总面积由原来的1．37％增加到49．58％,景观多样性指数由0．4723增加到0．7436。耕地已经成为该区域的主要土地利用方式,湿地面积萎缩导致耕地生态功能下降和生态环境质量下降已成为制约该区粮食安全的最重要因素。因此必须保护耕地并对其进行优化调控。     

36个稀有树种的耐性分析

对湖南南岳树木园内引种的鹅掌楸 [Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg.]、桂南木莲(Manglietia chingii Dandy)等36个稀有树种分别进行了耐干旱、耐水涝和耐阴蔽的研究.结果表明,在全自然光照条件下,各树种的暂时凋萎系数为4.97%～11.05%,凋萎系数为1.85%～5.87%.水淹8～68 d,有31个树种出现叶的第1次凋萎,有22种在水淹30～68 d出现死亡,而长叶竹柏(Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel)等5树种水淹73 d未出现叶凋萎.全阴蔽条件下,阴蔽致死亡树种的时间在17～72 d之间,强阴蔽对树种造成伤害.研究结果可为稀有树种的引种、繁育和管理提供科学依据.     

E.coli ZB43生成Microcin B17的发酵研究

Microcin B17(简称MccB17)是核糖体合成的肽类DNA螺旋酶抑制剂,其独特的分子结构是抗菌剂未来发展的重要的新颖结构,MccB17产生菌的杂环形成机理对于制药工业的药物设计具有重要意义。MccB17产生菌E.coliZB43适宜在M63合成培养基中积累胞内MccB17,低溶氧水平利于MccB17的积累。当葡萄糖浓度超过1g/L时,MccB17的合成受到阻遏。采用均匀设计表U11(1110)进行发酵培养基配比调整,确定了最佳的含葡萄糖合成培养基配比:葡萄糖1g/L,KH2PO43g/L,K2HPO47g/L,(NH4)2SO41g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1.8mmol/L,盐酸硫胺1.8μg/ml。丁二酸钠能解除葡萄糖对E.coliZB43生成MccB17的代谢阻遏。以10g/L丁二酸钠替代葡萄糖为唯一碳源,在上述最佳发酵培养基配比条件下,37℃24h,MccB17的产量可达559.6μg/ml。     

PCR-DGGE技术评价抗生素诱导的肠道菌群失调

目的 利用PCR-DGGE技术结合活菌计数评价抗生素引起的肠道菌群失调.方法 SPF级BALB/c雌性小鼠连续4 d灌胃头孢曲松溶液125 mg/ml,0.4 ml/d,运用基于细菌16S DNA的PCR-DGGE技术结合活菌计数分析小鼠肠道菌群变化.结果 活菌计数结果与PCR-DGGE图谱显示,头孢曲松处理3 d后小鼠肠道菌群出现严重失调.结论 PCR-DGGE技术可直观而灵敏地显示抗生素处理过程中肠道菌群的动态变化,适用于评价抗生素引起的肠道菌群失调.     

中国钩藤属9种植物的花粉形态

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国钩藤属(Uncaria Schreb)9种植物的花粉形态进行了观察.结果表明,钩藤属植物的花粉为单粒,小型,辐射对称,赤道面观圆球形至近长球形,极面观3-裂圆形,具3孔沟,萌发沟裂缝状,长达两极.萌发沟中央有"内壁加厚突出"结构.外壁具条纹至细网纹饰,表面光滑无附属物.钩藤属花粉大小、形状、萌发沟和纹饰类型都较接近,属于单一型花粉.钩藤属植物的花粉形态特征是茜草科(Rubiaceae)中较为原始的类型.