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61.
T cells in murine lupus: propagation and regulation of disease 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice develop a spontaneous lupus syndrome, including hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, glomerulonephritis, and lymphadenopathy. To investigate the role of lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of disease, lupus-prone MRL mice deficient in T cells, T cells, or both were generated. Mice deficient in T cells developed a partially penetrant lupus syndrome, characterized by lymphadenopathy, elevated levels of class-switched immunoglobulins, an increased incidence of antinuclear antibodies, and immune deposits in kidneys which progressed to renal insufficiency over time. In comparison to wild type animals, T cell-deficient animals developed an accelerated and exacerbated disease phenotype, characterized by accelerated hypergammaglobulinemia and enhanced autoantibody production and mortality. Repertoire analysis of these latter animals identified polyclonal expansion (V) of CD4+B220-cells. Mice lacking both and T cells failed to generate class-switched autoantibodies and immune complex renal disease. First, these findings demonstrate that murine lupus in the setting of Fas-deficiency does not absolutely require the presence of T cells, and they also suggest that a significant basis for MRL/lpr disease, including renal disease, involves T cell-independent, T cell dependent, polyreactive B cell autoimmunity, upon which T cell-dependent mechanisms aggravate specific autoimmune responses. Second, these data indicate that T cells partake in the regulation of systemic autoimmunity, presumably via their effects on CD4+B220-T cells that provide B cell help. Finally, these results demonstrate that MRL/lpr B cells, despite their intrinsic abnormalities, cannot per se cause tissue injury without T cell help.Abbreviations snRNPs
small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles 相似文献
62.
乙肝病毒PreSl片段与乙肝表面抗原羧端的融合表达 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
我们利用聚合酶链反应法(PCR)得到了编码乙肝病毒肝细胞受体结合位点PreSl(21 ̄47)的基因片段,并将它分别融合到S基因中相应于第175,188和223位氨基酸残基处。所得到的融合基因插入痘苗病毒表达载体pGJP-5后,在哺乳动物细胞CV-1中进行了暂时表达,对融合蛋白的表达、分泌和抗原性的研究表明,3种融合基因均能表达具有S和PreSl双重抗原性的融合蛋白,但融合位点对表达水平和分泌性质有 相似文献
63.
酸水解蚕蛹制备复合氨基酸的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用硫酸水解法,以蚕蛹制取复合氨基酸产品,得到氨基酸态氮分别为9.05%和13.45%的食用复合氨基粉和精制复合氨基酸粉。食用复合氨基酸粉含有18种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸含量为39.2%。食用复合氨基酸粉的制备方法经工厂小批量生产证实,其工艺简单易行,适合于中小企业采用,该产品的质量优良,生产成本低廉,具有市场竞争力。 相似文献
64.
Characterization of cis-acting elements in light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the A subunit of chloroplast isozymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10 下载免费PDF全文
We have characterized cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (GapA) encoding the A subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results show that a 1.1-kb promoter fragment of the GapA gene is sufficient to confer light inducibility and organ specificity in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants, using the beta-glucuronidase gene of Escherichia coli as the reporter gene. Deletion analysis indicates that the -359 to -110 bp region of the GapA gene is necessary for light responsiveness. Within this region there are three copies of a decamer repeat (termed the Gap box) having the consensus sequence 5'-CAAATGAA(A/G)A-3', which has not been characterized in the promoter regions of other light-regulated genes. A deletion (to -247) producing loss of one copy of these elements from the GapA promoter reduces light induction by two- to threefold compared with a promoter deletion (to -359) with all three Gap boxes present, while deletion of all three Gap boxes (to -110) abolishes light induction completely. Gel mobility shift experiments using tobacco nuclei as the source of nuclear proteins show that GapA promoter fragments that contain these repeats bind strongly to a factor in the nuclear extract and that binding can be abolished by synthetic competitors consisting only of a monomer or dimer of the Gap box. Furthermore, a trimer, dimer, and monomer of the Gap box show binding activity and, like the authentic GapA promoter-derived probes, show binding activities that are correlated with Gap box copy number. These results strongly suggest that these repeats play important roles in light regulation of the GapA gene of A. thaliana. 相似文献
65.
66.
Short-and medium-term stresses (1 and 24 h, respectively) wereapplied to detached leaves of Commelina communis L., resultingin both cases in a final leaf cell water potential ( 相似文献
67.
Dan W. Urry D. Channe Gowda Shaoqing Peng Timothy M. Parker Naijie Jing R. Dean Harris 《Biopolymers》1994,34(7):889-896
Commonly a key element enabling proteins to function is an amino acid residue or residues with functional side chains having shifted pKa values. This article reports the results on a set of protein-based polymers (model proteins) that exhibit hydrophobic folding and assembly transitions, and that have been designed for the purpose of achieving large hydrophobic-induced pKa shifts by selectively replacing Val residues by Phe residues. The high molecular weight polypentapeptides, actually poly (tricosapeptides) with six varied pentamers in fixed sequence, were designed and synthesized to have the same amino acid compositions but different proximities between a single aspartic acid residue and 5 Phe residues per 30 residues. With the 5 Phe residues distal from the Asp residue, the observed pKa shift was 2.9 when compared to the Val-containing reference. With the 5 Phe residues within 1 nm of the Asp residue, the pKa shift was 6.2. This represents a free energy of interaction of 8 kcal/moles. To our knowledge, this is the largest pKa shift documented for an Asp residue in a polypeptide– or protein–water system. Data are reviewed that do not support the usual electrostatic arguments for pKa shifts of charge–charge repulsion and/or unfavorable ion self-energies arising from displacement of water by hydrophobic moieties, but rather the data are interpreted to indicate the presence of an apolar–polar repulsive free energy of hydration, which results from a potentially highly cooperative competition between apolar and polar species for hydration. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
68.
In order to study the differentiation of Asian colobines, fourteen variables were analysed in one way, on 123 skulls, includingRhinopithecus, Presbytis, Presbytiscus, Pygathrix, andNasalis with both cluster and differentiated functions tests. Information on paleoenvironment changes in China and South-East Asia
since late Tertiary have been used to examine the influences of migratory habits and the distribution range in Asian colobines.
The cladogram among different Asian colobines genera was made from the results of various analysis. Some new points or revisions
were suggested: 1. Following the second migratory way, ancient species of Asian colobines perhaps passed through Xizang along
the northern bank of Tethis sea and Heng-Duan Shan regions, across Yunnan into Vietnam, since the ancient continent between
Yunnan and Xizang was already located in on eastern bank of Tethis sea. Thus, during the evolution, Asian colobines must have
had two original centres, i.e. “Sundaland” and Heng-Duan Shan Chinese regions; 2. Pygatrix possesses a lot of cranial features
more similar toPresbytiscus than toRhinopithecus. The small difference from the modification combinesPygatrix with other two genera as shown by Groves (1970), but it is better to putPygatrix andPresbytiscus together as one genus; 3.Nasalis (2n=48) may be the most primitive genus within Asian colobines. Some features shared withRhinopithecus, for example body size, terrestrial activities, limb proportion etc. ...seem to be considered as a common inheritance of
symlesiomorphus characters; 4.Rhinopithecus, with reference to cranioface and cranium or to its origin, is a special genus of Asian colobine. It may represent the highest
level of evolutionary position within various genera (Peng et al., 1985). 相似文献
69.
祁连山地区植被特征及其分布规律 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
分析和讨论了祁连山地区主要植被类型及其分布特征。祁连山地区随着青藏高原的强烈隆升表现为整体抬升,植被具有明显的生态地理边缘效应特征和高原地带性规律。该区植被虽然受到四周的较大影响,但各类高寒植被占有绝对优势,表现出与青藏高原植被整体明显的相似性和广泛的一致性。另一方面,本区植被也有其特殊性及与高原面存在一些差异。因此,建议把祁连山地区做为青藏高原植被区的次一级独立单元 相似文献
70.
质体醌重组的D1/D2/Cytb559复合物的荧光衰减动力学和光破坏作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
光系统Ⅱ反应中心D1/D2/Cytb559 在分离纯化过程中失去了电子受体QA 和QB,人工合成的质体醌可以与D1/D2/Cytb559 复合物发生重组。癸基质体醌(DPQ)与D1/D2/Cytb599 复合物的重组导致该复合物的荧光强度下降及发射光谱蓝移,同时两个与光化学活性相关的长寿命(24 ns和73 ns)荧光衰减组分占整个荧光的百分数下降,这些结果表明DPQ作为Pheo- 的电子受体,限制了P680+ ·Pheo- 的电荷重组。DPQ 的加入对D1/D2/Cytb559复合物中Chla 分子的光破坏敏感性影响不大,但β-胡萝卜素在加入DPQ 之后可以被光照破坏,这个过程可能与β-胡萝卜素的生理功能相关。 相似文献