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31.
The first Australian record of the lily thrips, Liothrips vaneeckei Priesner, is reported from a bulb farm in Warragul South, Victoria. It is an occasional pest of Lilium bulbs, both in the field and in storage, particularly in the USA and several European countries, and is also infrequently found in considerable numbers on the corms of orchids. 相似文献
32.
AF Newmaster KJ Berg S Ragupathy M Palanisamy K Sambandan SG Newmaster 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2011,7(1):1-17
Local knowledge systems are not considered in the conservation of fragile seagrass marine ecosystems. In fact, little is known about the utility of seagrasses in local coastal communities. This is intriguing given that some local communities rely on seagrasses to sustain their livelihoods and have relocated their villages to areas with a rich diversity and abundance of seagrasses. The purpose of this study is to assist in conservation efforts regarding seagrasses through identifying Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) from local knowledge systems of seagrasses from 40 coastal communities along the eastern coast of India. We explore the assemblage of scientific and local traditional knowledge concerning the 1. classification of seagrasses (comparing scientific and traditional classification systems), 2. utility of seagrasses, 3. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of seagrasses, and 4. current conservation efforts for seagrass ecosystems. Our results indicate that local knowledge systems consist of a complex classification of seagrass diversity that considers the role of seagrasses in the marine ecosystem. This fine-scaled ethno-classification gives rise to five times the number of taxa (10 species = 50 local ethnotaxa), each with a unique role in the ecosystem and utility within coastal communities, including the use of seagrasses for medicine (e.g., treatment of heart conditions, seasickness, etc.), food (nutritious seeds), fertilizer (nutrient rich biomass) and livestock feed (goats and sheep). Local communities are concerned about the loss of seagrass diversity and have considerable local knowledge that is valuable for conservation and restoration plans. This study serves as a case study example of the depth and breadth of local knowledge systems for a particular ecosystem that is in peril. 相似文献
33.
1. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) commonly colonise isoetid species inhabiting oxygenated sediments in oligotrophic lakes but are usually absent in other submerged plants. We hypothesised that organic enrichment of oligotrophic lake sediments reduces AMF colonisation and hyphal growth because of sediment O2 depletion and low carbon supply from stressed host plants. 2. We added organic matter to sediments inhabited by isoetids and measured pore‐water chemistry (dissolved O2, inorganic carbon, Fe2+ and ), colonisation intensity of roots and hyphal density after 135 days of exposure. 3. Addition of organic matter reduced AMF colonisation of roots of both Lobelia dortmanna and Littorella uniflora, and high additions stressed the plants. Even small additions of organic matter almost stopped AMF colonisation of initially un‐colonised L. uniflora, though without reducing plant growth. Mean hyphal density in sediments was high (6 and 15 m cm?3) and comparable with that in terrestrial soils (2–40 m cm?3). Hyphal density was low in the upper 1 cm of isoetid sediments, high in the main root zone between 1 and 8 cm and positively related to root density. Hyphal surface area exceeded root surface area by 1.7–3.2 times. 4. We conclude that AMF efficiently colonise isoetids in oligotrophic sediments and form extensive hyphal networks. Small additions of organic matter to sediments induce sediment anoxia and reduce AMF colonisation of roots but cause no apparent plant stress. High organic addition induces night‐time anoxia in both the sediment and the plant tissue. Tissue anoxia reduces root growth and AMF colonisation, probably because of restricted translocation of nutrient ions and organic solutes between roots and leaves. Isoetids should rely on AMF for P uptake on nutrient‐poor mineral sediments but are capable of growing without AMF on organic sediments. 相似文献
34.
35.
Minho Moon Hyo Geun Kim Jin Gyu Choi Hyein Oh Paula KJ Lee Sang Keun Ha Sun Yeou Kim Yongkon Park Youngbuhm Huh Myung Sook Oh 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
Recently, increased attention has been directed towards medicinal extracts as potential new drug candidates for dementia. Ginger has long been used as an important ingredient in cooking and traditional herbal medicine. In particular, ginger has been known to have disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is no evidence of which constituents of ginger exhibit therapeutic effects against AD. A growing number of experimental studies suggest that 6-shogaol, a bioactive component of ginger, may play an important role as a memory-enhancing and anti-oxidant agent against neurological diseases. 6-Shogaol has also recently been shown to have anti-neuroinflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated astrocytes and animal models of Parkinson’s disease, LPS-induced inflammation and transient global ischemia. However, it is still unknown whether 6-shogaol has anti-inflammatory effects against oligomeric forms of the Aβ (AβO) in animal brains. Furthermore, the effects of 6-shogaol against memory impairment in dementia models are also yet to be investigated. In this study, we found that administration of 6-shogaol significantly reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in intrahippocampal AβO-injected mice, ameliorated AβO and scopolamine-induced memory impairment, and elevated NGF levels and pre- and post-synaptic marker in the hippocampus. All these results suggest that 6-shogaol may play a role in inhibiting glial cell activation and reducing memory impairment in animal models of dementia. 相似文献
36.
Carrie L. Blout Zawatsky Nidhi Shah Kalotina Machini Emma Perez Kurt D. Christensen Hana Zouk Marcie Steeves Christopher Koch Melissa Uveges Janelle Shea Nina Gold Joel Krier Natalie Boutin Lisa Mahanta Heidi L. Rehm Scott T. Weiss Elizabeth W. Karlson Jordan W. Smoller Matthew S. Lebo Robert C. Green 《American journal of human genetics》2021,108(12):2224-2237
37.
Two soluble glycosyltransferases glycosylate less efficiently in vivo than their membrane bound counterparts 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Zhu G; Allende ML; Jaskiewicz E; Qian R; Darling DS; Worth CA; Colley KJ; Young WW Jr 《Glycobiology》1998,8(8):831-840
Many Golgi glycosyltransferases are type II membrane proteins which are
cleaved to produce soluble forms that are released from cells. Cho and
Cummings recently reported that a soluble form of alpha1, 3-
galactosyltransferase was comparable to its membrane bound counterpart in
its ability to galactosylate newly synthesized glycoproteins (Cho,S.K. and
Cummings,R.D. (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272, 13622-13628). To test the
generality of their findings, we compared the activities of the full length
and soluble forms of two such glycosyltransferases, ss1,4
N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM2/GD2/ GA2 synthase; GalNAcT) and beta
galactoside alpha2,6 sialyltransferase (alpha2,6-ST; ST6Gal I), for
production of their glycoconjugate products in vivo . Unlike the full
length form of GalNAcT which produced ganglioside GM2 in transfected cells,
soluble GalNAcT did not produce detectable GM2 in vivo even though it
possessed in vitro GalNAcT activity comparable to that of full length
GalNAcT. When compared with cells expressing full length alpha2,6-ST, cells
expressing a soluble form of alpha2,6-ST contained 3-fold higher
alpha2,6-ST mRNA levels and secreted 7-fold greater alpha2,6-ST activity as
measured in vitro , but in striking contrast contained 2- to 4-fold less of
the alpha2,6-linked sialic acid moiety in cellular glycoproteins in vivo .
In summary these results suggest that unlike alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
the soluble forms of these two glycosyltransferases are less efficient at
glycosylation of membrane proteins and lipids in vivo than their membrane
bound counterparts.
相似文献
38.
Roger V. Lebo Phillip F. Chance Peter J. Dyck Ma. Theresa Redila-Flores Eric D. Lynch Mitchell S. Golbus Thomas D. Bird Mary Claire King Lee A. Anderson Jeffrey Hall Joop Wiegant Zharong Jiang Paul F. Dazin Hope H. Punnett Steven A. Schonberg Kevin Moore Marcia M. Shull Sandra Gendler Orest Hurko Robert E. Lovelace Norman Latov James Trofatter P. Michael Conneally 《Human genetics》1991,88(1):1-12
Summary The Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy) loci have been reported to be on at least three chromosomes: 1 (CMT1B, HMSN1B), 17 (CMT1A), and X (CMTX). In this study multipoint linkage analysis of two Duffy-linked families given a combined LOD score of 8.65 to establish that the Duffy-linked CMT1B gene exists in the 18 centimorgan region between the antithrombin III gene and the Duffy/ sodium-potassium ATPase loci. The simultaneous segregation of polymorphisms near the CMT1A locus on chromosome 17 excludes linkage to this chromosome region in both families. Polymorphic sites that flank the CMT1B gene have been subchromosomally localized to the proximal chromosome-1 long arm (1q21.21q25) by spot blot analysis of sorted chromosomes, polymorphic deletion analysis, in situ hybridization, and multipoint linkage analysis. 相似文献
39.
Human receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) play important roles in the immune response. Expression of the human Fc gamma RII gene may be relevant in immune complex related disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome. We have used spot blot analysis of dual laser-sorted human chromosomes to localize the Fc gamma RII gene to human chromosome 1. Spot blot analysis of sorted derivative chromosomes sublocalized the gene to the chromosome 1 long arm (1q12----q25.1). This subchromosomal localization involved reassigning a reciprocal chromosome translocation breakpoint. We also identified Xmn I and Taq I Fc gamma RII polymorphic restriction sites that arose before the races diverged. These common Xmn I and Taq I polymorphisms are predicted to be informative for segregation analysis with human diseases in 85% of all matings. 相似文献
40.
Isolation of duplicated human c-src genes located on chromosomes 1 and 20. 总被引:23,自引:11,他引:12
R C Parker G Mardon R V Lebo H E Varmus J M Bishop 《Molecular and cellular biology》1985,5(4):831-838
The oncogene (v-src) of Rous sarcoma virus apparently arose by transduction of the chicken gene known as c-src(chicken). We isolated DNA fragments representative of two src-related loci from recombinant DNA bacteriophage libraries of the human genome. One of these loci, c-src1(human), appeared to direct the synthesis of a 5-kilobase polyadenylated RNA that presumably encodes pp60c-src(human). Probes specific for the other locus, c-src2(human), did not hybridize to polyadenylated RNA prepared from a variety of human cell lines. Partial nucleotide sequence determinations of the loci demonstrated that c-src1(human) is highly related to chicken c-src and that c-src2(human) is slightly more divergent. The sequences imply that the final two coding exons of each human locus are identical in length to those of chicken c-src and that the location of an amber stop codon is unchanged in all three loci. c-src1(human) has been mapped to chromosome 20, and the second locus is located on chromosome 1. We conclude that c-src1(human) is the analog of c-src(chicken) and that the duplicated locus, c-src2(human), may also be expressed. 相似文献